TPO2lecture2生物类.docx
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TPO2lecture2生物类
学术讲座—学生版
生物tpo2lecture2
一、背景介绍:
生物:
生物学讲座主要涉及到的小学科有conservationbiology保护生物学,marinebiology海洋生物学,zoology动物学和botany植物学。
主要话题有以下五个:
动物行为研究;动物和环境之间的关系;动物交流方式;动物身体结构;动物保护。
二、分类表格:
TPO
Lecture
生物
Biology
1
4
2
2
4
4
6
2
7
2
8
1
10
1
11
1
12
1
14
2
15
4
16
3
17
4
18
4
19
3
20
4
21
3
22
3
23
3
24
1
25
1
25
4
26
2
27
1
27
3
28
2
28
3
29
1
30
2
三、考点分析及各分类常见逻辑结构:
生物类考点分析
•分类
•部位及特征
•用途(植物)
•习性(动物)
•栖息地
•繁殖
•与其他生物的关系
•生存状况
•相关研究
生物类常见逻辑结构
在课堂演讲中,教授常常会就某一生物现象或者生物特征进行讲解,并举出相应的例子进行证明,期间往往会有老师的自问自答和已经和学生之间的讨论。
四、十三大原则中这节课会用到的原则+举例
1.离题原则
2.特殊人名地名原则
3.因果原则
4.举例原则
五、本次课可能用到的笔记法
1.笔记热身
1)中文简写
2)符号
2.TPO2lecture4笔记
六、词汇,短语及句式
1)生物类场景常用的词汇
英语
汉语
species
物种
sub-species
亚种
genepool
基因库
ancestor
祖先
descend
传承
extinction
灭绝
endanger
濒危
eradicate
灭绝
introducedanimals
外来动物
wildlifereserve
野生动物保护区
sanctuary
保护区
refuge
保护区
habitat
栖息地
quarantineservice
检疫局
parasite
寄生虫
insect
昆虫
reptile
爬行动物
mammal
哺乳动物
pollinate
授粉
2)本次课常用词汇
英语
汉语
Fiber
n.纤维,光纤
Textile
Adj.纺织的
n.纺织品
Explosive
adj.爆炸的
n.炸药
Manilahemp
n.蕉麻
Moor
n.沼泽
v.使停泊
Stainlesssteal
n.不锈钢
cable
n.电缆
v.打电报
Anchor
adj.最后一棒的
n.锚
v.抛锚,主持节目
Botany
n.植物学
Hemp
n.麻
Due
Adj.到期的
Plastics
n.塑料
Rope
n.绳子
Degrade
Vi.降级,受损
Zinc
N.锌
Bundle
n.捆,束
Twist
Vt.弯曲
3)本次课常用短语及句式:
英语
汉语
Besupposedto
应该
Beresistantto
对….有抵抗力
beginwith
以…开始
Beknownas
被称为;被叫做
Makesense
说得通;有道理
inlength
从长度上来讲
indirectcontactwith
与…直接接触
七、文章框架分析
1.Theprofessorapologizesfornotfinishingrevisingthestudents’homework.
2.TheprofessorexplainstheoriginofthenameofManilahemp.
3.TheprofessormainlydiscussesthecharacteristicsandusagesofManilahemp.
八、听力文本
Narrator
Listentopartofalecturefromabotanyclass.
Professor
Hi,everyone.Goodtoseeyoualltoday.Actually,Iexpectedthepopulationtobealotlowertoday.Ittypicallyrunsbetween50and60percentonthedaytheresearchpaperisdue.Um,Iwashopingtohaveyourexamsbacktoday,but,(转折处大多数会包含professor想强调的内容,一定要注意听。
)uh,thesituationwasthatIwentawayfortheweekend,andIwassupposedtogetinyesterdayatfive,andIexpectedtofullycompletealltheexamsbymidnightorso,whichisthetimethatIusuallygotobed,butmyflightwasdelayed,andIendedupnotgettinginuntiloneo’clockinthemorning.(此处如果出细一点的细节题,可以问老师没有completealltheexam的原因是什么)Anyway,I’lldomybesttohavethemfinishedbythenexttimewemeet.
OK.Inthelastclass,westartedtalkingaboutusefulplantfibers.(回顾下上结课的学习内容)Inparticular,wetalkedaboutcottonfibers,whichwesaidwereveryuseful,notonlyinthetextileindustry,butalsointhechemicalindustry,andintheproductionofmanyproducts,suchasplastics,paper,explosives,andsoon.Todaywe’llcontinuetalkingaboutusefulfibers,andwe’llbeginwithafiberthat’scommonlyknownas“Manilahemp.”(前面一段是过渡段落,引出这堂课程主要讲解的“Manilahemp”)
Now,forsomestrangereason,manypeoplebelievethatManilahempisahempplant.ButManilahempisnotreallyhemp.It’sactuallyamemberofthebananafamily—itevenbearslittlebanana-shapedfruits.The“Manila”partofthenamemakessense,becauseManilahempisproducedchieflyinthePhilippineIslandsand,ofcourse,thecapitalcityofthePhilippinesisManila.(本段在介绍“Manilahemp”这个名字,细节可出题。
)
Now,asfibersgo,Manilahempfibersareverylong.Theycaneasilybeseveralfeetinlengthandthey’realsoverystrong,veryflexible.Theyhaveonemorecharacteristicthat’sveryimportant,andthatisthattheyareexceptionallyresistanttosaltwater.(此句是manilahemp的特性,以及此种特性带来的应用)Andthiscombinationofcharacteristics—long,strong,flexible,resistanttosaltwater—makesManilahempagreatmaterialforropes,especiallyforropesthataregonnabeusedonocean-goingships.Infact,bytheearly1940’s,eventhoughsteelcableswereavailable,mostshipsintheUnitedStatesNavywerenotmooredwithsteelcables;theyweremooredwithManilahempropes.
用途
Now,whywasthat?
Well,themainreasonwasthatsteelcablesdegradevery,veryquicklyincontactwithsaltwater.(对比steelcable和manilahemp,通过对比突出这种植物的优势,下面又用一个具体的例子体现steelcable的劣势)Ifyou’veeverbeentoSanFrancisco,youknowthattheGoldenGateBridgeisred.Andit’sredbecauseofthezincpaintthatgoesonthosestainlesssteelcables.That,iftheystartatoneendofthebridgeandtheyworktotheotherend,bythetimetheyfinish,it’salreadytimetogobackandstartpaintingthebeginningofthebridgeagain,becausethebridgewasbuiltwithsteelcables,andsteelcablescan’ttakethesaltairunlessthey’retreatedrepeatedlywithazinc-basedpaint.
Ontheotherhand,plantproductslikeManilahemp,youcandragthroughtheoceanforweeksonend.Ifyouwannatieyouranchortoitanddropitrightintotheocean,that’snoproblem,becauseplantfiberscanstandupformonths,evenyears,indirectcontactwithsaltwater.OK.Sohowdoyoutakeplantfibersthatindividuallyyoucouldbreakwithyourhandsandturnthemintoaropethat’sstrongenoughtomoorashipthatweighsthousandsoftons?
提问一定要重视,很有可能成为细节题的考点,本题就是考察内容Well,whatyoudoisyouextracttheselongfibersfromtheManilahempplant,andthenyoutakeseveralofthesefibers,andyougroupthemintoabundle,because因果处也很有可能成为考点,可以出为什么要groupthemintoabundle,答案就是能够increasetheirbreakingstrength)bygroupingthefibersyougreatlyincreasetheirbreakingstrength—thatbundleoffibersismuchstrongerthananyoftheindividualfibersthatcomposeit.Andthenyoutakethatbundleoffibersandyoutwistitalittlebit,becausebytwistingit,youincreaseitsbreakingstrengthevenmore.Andthenyoutakeseveraloftheselittlebundles,andyougroupandtwistthemintobiggerbundles,whichyouthengroupandtwistintoevenbiggerbundles,andsoon,untileventually,youendupwithavery,verystrongrope.
九、学生听力过程
注:
此过程中,“小节”的长度由老师根据每个学生的水平来决定,两个句子到两个自然段不等。
注意不要让学生听起来太吃力,有挫败感,也不要让学生听着太简单而没有提升。
第一小节
学生听+记笔记
学生复述
学生猜考点
老师讲解(结合笔记法,带领学生逐句听,该小节进行完之后综合听一遍,保证学生每句话都听明白了再进行下一小节)
第一段笔记:
第二小节
学生听+记笔记
学生复述+回顾之前的内容
学生猜考点
老师讲解(结合笔记法,带领学生逐句听,该小节进行完之后综合听一遍,保证学生每句话都听明白了再进行下一小节)
第二段笔记:
第三小节
学生听+记笔记
学生复述+回顾之前的内容
学生猜考点
老师讲解(结合笔记法,带领学生逐句听,该小节进行完之后综合听一遍,保证学生每句话都听明白了再进行下一小节)
第三段笔记:
第四小节
学生听+记笔记
学生复述+回顾之前的内容
学生猜考点
老师讲解(结合笔记法,带领学生逐句听,该小节进行完之后综合听一遍,保证学生每句话都听明白了再进行下一小节)
第四段笔记:
全部小节进行完之后,让学生全文一起综合听一遍
十、题目,答案及解析
1.WhataspectofManilahempfibersdoestheprofessormainlydescribeinthelecture?
A.Similaritiesbetweencottonfibersandmanilahempfibers
B.Varioustypesofmanilahempfibers
C.TheeconomicimportanceofManilahempfibers
D.AuseofManilahempfibers
Answer:
2.ListenagaintopartofthelecturebyplayingTrack10.
Thenanswerthequestion.
Whydoestheprofessormentiongoingawayfortheweekend?
A.Totelltheclassajoke
B.Toapologizefornotcompletingsomework
C.Tointroducethetopicofthelecture
D.Toencouragestudentstoaskabouthertrip
Answer:
3.Whatdoestheprofessorimplyaboutthename“Manilahemp”?
A.Itisacommercialbrandname.
B.Partofthenameisinappropriate.
C.Thenamehasrecentlychanged.
D.Thenamewasfirstusedinthe1940’s.
Answer:
4.WhydoestheprofessormentiontheGoldenGateBridge?
A.Todemonstrateadisadvantageofsteelcables
B.Togiveanexampleofthecreativeuseofcolor
C.Toshowthatsteelcablesareabletoresistsaltwater
D.TogiveanexampleofauseofManilahemp
Answer:
5.Accordingtotheprofessor,whatwasthemainreasonthatmanyshipsusedManilahempropesinsteadofsteelcables?
A.Manilahempwascheaper.
B.Manilahempwaseasiertoproduce.
C.Manilahempismoreresistanttosaltwater.
D.Manilahempislighterinweight.
Answer:
6.Accordingtothelecture,whataretwowaystoincreasethestrengthofropemadefromManilahempfibers?
Choose2answers.
—Coatthefiberswithzinc-basedpaint
—Combinethefibersintobundles
—Soakbundlesoffibersinsaltwater
—Twistbundlesoffibers
Answer:
作业:
1)本次课的所有词汇及理论知识复习并掌握
2)本次课的材料重新听写一遍,笔记提交给老师
3)习题练习:
生物讲座2个(具体数量老师课根据学生的时间及水平调节)要求:
按照托福听力作业积累本完成