TPO2lecture2生物类.docx

1、TPO2lecture2生物类学术讲座学生版生物 tpo2 lecture 2一、 背景介绍： 生物：生物学讲座主要涉及到的小学科有conservation biology保护生物学，marine biology海洋生物学，zoology动 物学和botany植物学。主要话题有以下五个：动物行为研究；动物和环境之间的关系；动物交流方式；动物身体结构；动物保护。二、 分类表格： TPOLecture生物Biology142244627281101111121142154163174184193204213223233241251254262271273282283291302三、 考点分析及各分

2、类常见逻辑结构： 生物类考点分析 分类 部位及特征 用途（植物） 习性（动物） 栖息地 繁殖 与其他生物的关系 生存状况 相关研究 生物类常见逻辑结构 在课堂演讲中，教授常常会就某一生物现象或者生物特征进行讲解，并举出相应的例子进行证明，期间往往会有老师的自问自答和已经和学生之间的讨论。四、十三大原则中这节课会用到的原则+举例 1.离题原则2. 特殊人名地名原则3. 因果原则4.举例原则五、本次课可能用到的笔记法1. 笔记热身1）中文简写2）符号2. TPO2 lecture4 笔记六、词汇，短语及句式1）生物类场景常用的词汇英语汉语species物种sub-species亚种gene poo

3、l基因库ancestor祖先descend传承extinction灭绝endanger濒危eradicate灭绝introduced animals外来动物wildlife reserve野生动物保护区sanctuary保护区refuge保护区habitat栖息地quarantine service检疫局parasite寄生虫insect昆虫reptile爬行动物mammal哺乳动物pollinate授粉2）本次课常用词汇英语汉语Fibern. 纤维，光纤Textile Adj.纺织的 n.纺织品Explosive adj.爆炸的n.炸药 Manila hempn.蕉麻Moorn. 沼泽v.使

4、停泊Stainless stealn.不锈钢cablen.电缆v.打电报Anchor adj.最后一棒的n. 锚v. 抛锚，主持节目Botanyn.植物学Hempn. 麻DueAdj. 到期的Plasticsn. 塑料Ropen.绳子DegradeVi. 降级，受损ZincN. 锌Bundlen.捆，束TwistVt. 弯曲3）本次课常用短语及句式： 英语汉语Be supposed to应该Be resistant to对.有抵抗力begin with以开始Be known as被称为；被叫做Make sense说得通；有道理in length从长度上来讲in direct contact w

5、ith与直接接触七、文章框架分析 1. The professor apologizes for not finishing revising the students homework.2. The professor explains the origin of the name of Manila hemp.3. The professor mainly discusses the characteristics and usages of Manila hemp.八、听力文本Narrator Listen to part of a lecture from a botany class

6、.Professor Hi, everyone. Good to see you all today. Actually, I expected the population to be a lot lower today. It typically runs between 50 and 60 percent on the day the research paper is due. Um, I was hoping to have your exams back today, but,（转折处大多数会包含professor想强调的内容，一定要注意听。） uh, the situation

7、was that I went away for the weekend, and I was supposed to get in yesterday at five, and I expected to fully complete all the exams b y midnight or so, which is the time that I usually go to bed, but my flight was delayed, and I ended up not getting in until one oclock in the morning.（此处如果出细一点的细节题，

8、可以问老师没有complete all the exam的原因是什么） Anyway, Ill do my best to have them finished by the next time we meet. OK. In the last class, we started talking about useful plant fibers.（回顾下上结课的学习内容） In particular, we talked about cotton fibers, which we said were very useful, not only in the textile industry,

9、 but also in the chemical industry, and in the production of many products, such as plastics, paper, explosives, and so on. Today well continue talking about useful fibers, and well begin with a fiber thats commonly known as “Manila hemp.” （前面一段是过渡段落，引出这堂课程主要讲解的“Manila hemp”）Now, for some strange re

10、ason, many people believe that Manila hemp is a hemp plant. But Manila hemp is not really hemp. Its actually a member of the banana familyit even bears little banana-shaped fruits. The “Manila” part of the name makes sense, because Manila hemp is produced chiefly in the Philippine Islands and, of co

11、urse, the capital city of the Philippines is Manila.（本段在介绍“Manila hemp”这个名字，细节可出题。）Now, as fibers go, Manila hemp fibers are very long. They can easily be several feet in length and theyre also very strong, very flexible. They have one more characteristic thats very important, and that is that they

12、are exceptionally resistant to salt water.（此句是manila hemp的特性，以及此种特性带来的应用）And this combination of characteristicslong, strong, flexible, resistant to salt watermakes Manila hemp a great material for ropes, especially for ropes that are gonna be used on ocean-going ships. In fact, by the early 1940s,

13、even though steel cables were available, most ships in the United States Navy were not moored with steel cables; they were moored with Manila hemp ropes. 用途 Now, why was that? Well, the main reason was that steel cables degrade very, very quickly in contact with salt water. （对比steel cable和manila hem

14、p，通过对比突出这种植物的优势，下面又用一个具体的例子体现steel cable 的劣势）If youve ever been to San Francisco, you know that the Golden Gate Bridge is red. And its red because of the zinc paint that goes on those stainless steel cables. That, if they start at one end of the bridge and they work to the other end, by the time the

15、y finish, its already time to go back and start painting the beginning of the bridge again, because the bridge was built with steel cables, and steel cables cant take the salt air unless theyre treated repeatedly with a zinc-based paint.On the other hand, plant products like Manila hemp, you can dra

16、g through the ocean for weeks on end. If you wanna tie your anchor to it and drop it right into the ocean, thats no problem, because plant fibers can stand up for months, even years, in direct contact with salt water. OK. So how do you take plant fibers that individually you could break with your ha

17、nds and turn them into a rope thats strong enough to moor a ship that weighs thousands of tons? 提问一定要重视，很有 可能成为细节题的考点，本题就是考察内容Well, what you do is you extract these long fibers from the Manila hemp plant, and then you take several of these fibers, and you group them into a bundle, because 因果处也很有可能成为

18、考点，可以出为什么要group them into a bundle，答案就是能够increase their breaking strength) by grouping the fibers you greatly increase their breaking strengththat bundle of fibers is much stronger than any of the individual fibers that compose it. And then you take that bundle of fibers and you twist it a little bi

19、t, because by twisting it, you increase its breaking strength even more. And then you take several of these little bundles, and you group and twist them into bigger bundles, which you then group and twist into even bigger bundles, and so on, until eventually, you end up with a very, very strong rope

20、.九、 学生听力过程注：此过程中，“小节”的长度由老师根据每个学生的水平来决定，两个句子到两个自然段不等。注意不要让学生听起来太吃力，有挫败感，也不要让学生听着太简单而没有提升。 第一小节 学生听+记笔记学生复述学生猜考点老师讲解（结合笔记法，带领学生逐句听，该小节进行完之后综合听一遍，保证学生每句话都听明白了再进行下一小节）第一段笔记：第二小节学生听+记笔记学生复述+回顾之前的内容学生猜考点老师讲解（结合笔记法，带领学生逐句听，该小节进行完之后综合听一遍，保证学生每句话都听明白了再进行下一小节）第二段笔记：第三小节学生听+记笔记学生复述+回顾之前的内容学生猜考点老师讲解（结合笔记法，带领学生

21、逐句听，该小节进行完之后综合听一遍，保证学生每句话都听明白了再进行下一小节）第三段笔记：第四小节学生听+记笔记学生复述+回顾之前的内容学生猜考点老师讲解（结合笔记法，带领学生逐句听，该小节进行完之后综合听一遍，保证学生每句话都听明白了再进行下一小节）第四段笔记：全部小节进行完之后，让学生全文一起综合听一遍十、 题目，答案及解析1. What aspect of Manila hemp fibers does the professor mainly describe in the lecture?A. Similarities between cotton fibers and manila

22、hemp fibersB. Various types of manila hemp fibersC. The economic importance of Manila hemp fibersD. A use of Manila hemp fibersAnswer: 2. Listen again to part of the lecture by playing Track 10.Then answer the question.Why does the professor mention going away for the weekend?A. To tell the class a

23、jokeB. To apologize for not completing some workC. To introduce the topic of the lectureD. To encourage students to ask about her tripAnswer:3. What does the professor imply about the name “Manila hemp”?A. It is a commercial brand name.B. Part of the name is inappropriate.C. The name has recently ch

24、anged.D. The name was first used in the 1940s.Answer:4. Why does the professor mention the Golden Gate Bridge?A. To demonstrate a disadvantage of steel cablesB. To give an example of the creative use of colorC. To show that steel cables are able to resist salt waterD. To give an example of a use of

25、Manila hempAnswer: 5. According to the professor, what was the main reason that many ships used Manila hemp ropes instead of steel cables?A. Manila hemp was cheaper.B. Manila hemp was easier to produce.C. Manila hemp is more resistant to salt water.D. Manila hemp is lighter in weight.Answer: 6. Acco

26、rding to the lecture, what are two ways to increase the strength of rope made from Manila hemp fibers?Choose 2 answers.Coat the fibers with zinc-based paintCombine the fibers into bundlesSoak bundles of fibers in salt waterTwist bundles of fibersAnswer: 作业： 1）本次课的所有词汇及理论知识复习并掌握2）本次课的材料重新听写一遍，笔记提交给老师3）习题练习：生物讲座2个（具体数量老师课根据学生的时间及水平调节）要求：按照托福听力作业积累本完成