学位英语词汇记忆之词缀法.docx

学位英语词汇记忆之词缀法.docx

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学位英语词汇记忆之词缀法

词汇记忆之词缀法

英语的词汇构成和汉语有异曲同工之妙，一般说来，一个较长的单词是由////前缀+词根+后缀////构成的，词根一般是比较简单的单词，因此要快速的扩充词汇就要记住英语中重要前缀的含义，在此基础上可以使自己的词汇量快速扩展，并且对于阅读理解中猜测单词的含义非常重要，下面列出了英语中的常用前缀，以及由他们构成的单词举例，在我的单词课上我认为他们非常有用，现在和大家分享。

1、常考前缀

aero-：

concerningtheairofaircraft

plane—aeroplane

space—aerospace

anti-：

against；oppositeof

nuclear—antinuclear

matter—antimatter

war—antiwar

auto-：

oforbyoneself

biography—autobiography

criticism—autocriticism

be-：

totreatasthestatedthing

friend—befriend

little—belittle

bi-：

two；twice；double

lingual—bilingual

cycle—bicycle

bio-：

concerninglivingthings

chemistry—biochemistry

sphere—biosphere

by-，bye-：

lessimportant

produce—by-produce

way—byway

centi-：

hundredthpart

grade—centigrade

meter—centimeter

co-：

together，with

author—coauthor

exist—coexist

col-：

（usedbeforel）together，with

location—collocation

com-：

（usedbeforeb，m，p）together，with

passion—compassion

con-：

together，with

centric—concentric

federation—confederation

contra-：

opposite

diction—contradiction

natural—contranatural

cor-：

（usedbeforer）together，with

relate—correlate

respond—correspond

counter-：

opposite

act—counteract

attack—counterattack

cross-：

across；goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningthem

country—crosscountry

breed—crossbreed

de-：

showinganopposite；toremove；toreduce

code—decode

value—devalue

dis-：

not；theoppositeof

advantage—disadvantage

agree—disagree

honest—dishonest

em-：

（usedbeforeb，m，p）tocausetobecome

body—embody

power—empower

en-：

tocausetobecome；tomake

danger—endanger

large—enlarge

ex-：

former（andstillliving）

minister—ex-minister

wife—ex-wife

extra-：

outside；beyond

curricular—extracurricular

ordinary—extraordinary

fore-：

inadvance，before；inoratthefront

arm—forearm

warn—forewarn

il-：

（usedbeforel）not

legal—illegal

literate—illiterate

im-：

（usedbeforeb，m，p）not

moral—immoral

possible—impossible

in-：

not

direct—indirect

sensitive—insensitive

infra-：

belowinarange；beyond

red—infrared

structure——infrastructure

inter-：

between；among

change——interchange

national——international

intra-：

inside，within；into

city——intracity

department——intra-department

ir-：

（usedbeforer）not

regular——irregular

responsible——irresponsible

kilo-：

thousand

gram——kilogram

meter——kilometer

macro-：

large，esp.concerningawholesystemratherthan

particularpartsof

economics——macroeconomics

structure——macrostructure

mal-：

badorbadly

function——malfunction

treat——maltreat

micro-：

extremelysmall

computer——microcomputer

electronics——microelectronics

mid-：

middle

day——midday

night——midnight

mini-：

small；short

bus——minibus

skirt——miniskirt

mis-：

badorbadly；wrongorwrongly

fortune——misfortune

understand——misunderstand

mono-：

one；single

plane——monoplane

tone——monotone

multi-：

morethanone；many

purpose——multipurpose

national——multinational

non-：

not

resident——non（-）resident

sense——nonsense

out-：

outside；beyond

live——outlive

door——outdoor

over-：

toomuch；above；additional

head——overhead

time——overtime

poly-：

many

centric——polycentric

syllabic——polysyllabic

post-：

laterthan；after

graduate——postgraduate

war——postwar

pre-：

before；inadvance

pay——prepay

war——prewar

pro-：

infavorof，supporting

America——pro-America

abortion——pro-abortion

re-：

again；backtotheformerstate

unite——reunite

use——reuse

self-：

bymeansofoneselforitself；of，to，with，for，orin

oneselforitself

employed——self-employed

taught——self-taught

semi-：

half；partly

circle——semicircle

final——semifinal

step-：

notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohasremarried

mother——stepmother

children——stepchildren

sub-：

under，below；lessimportant；partofthestatedbigger

whole

divide——subdivide

section——subsection

super-：

more，larger，greaterthanusual

market——supermarket

natural——supernatural

tele-：

atoroveralongdistance；byorfortelevision

communication——telecommunication

screen——telescreen

therm（o）-：

concerningheat

chemistry——thermochemistry

meter——thermometer

trans-:

across,onortotheothersideof;between

Atlantic—transatlantic

plant—transplant

tri-:

three;threetimes

angular—triangular

cycle—tricycle

ultra-:

beyond;very,extremely

modern—ultramodern

sound—ultrasound

un-:

not

certain—uncertain

fortunate—unfortunate

under-:

toolittle;below

develop—underdevelop

sea—undersea

uni-:

one,singer

form—uniform

directional—unidirectional

vice-:

nextintherank;below

chairman—vice-chairman

president—vice-president

2.常考后缀

（1）名词后缀

-ability，-ibility

able—ability

flexible—flexibility

-age

post—postage

short—shortage

-al

arrive—arrival

refuse—refusal

-an，-ian，-arian

library—librarian

music—musician

-ance，-ence

appear—appearance

refer—reference

-ancy，-ency

emerge—emergency

expect—expectancy

-ant，-ent

apply—applicant

correspond—correspondent

-cy

accurate—accuratcy

private—privacy

-dom

king—kingdom

free—freedom

-ee

employ—employee

interview—interviewee

-er，-or，-ar

paint—painter

beg—beggar

-ery

brave—bravery

slave—slavery

-ese

China—Chinaese

Japan—Japanese

-ess

actor—actress

waiter—waitress

-ful

hand—handful

spoon—spoonful

-hood

child—childhood

man—manhood

-ics

electron—electronics

linguist—linguistics

-ion，-ition，-ation

collect—collection

observe—observation

-ism

Marx—Marxism

socialist—socialism

-ist

psychiatry—psychiatrist

violin—violinist

-ity，-ty

cruel—cruelty

pure—purity

-ment

move—movement

retire——retirement

-ness

dark——darkness

happy——happiness

-ology

climate——climatology

future——futurology

-ship

friend——friendship

scholar——scholarship

-sion，-ssion

decide——decision

expand——expansion

-th

grow——growth

wide——width

-ure

close——closure

expose——exposure

（2）动词前缀

-en

deep——deepen

fast——fasten

-ify

class——classify

simple——simplify

-ize，-ise

modern——modernize/modernize

popular——popularize/popularize

（3）形容词后缀

-able，-ible

suit——suitable

question——questionable

nature——natural

structure——structural

-an，-arian，-ian

suburb——suburban

Canada——Canadian

-ant，-ent

differ——different

please——pleasant

-ary，-ory

advise——advisory

custom——customary

-ate

consider——considerate

fortune——fortunate

-en

gold——golden

wood——wooden

-ese

China——Chinese

Japan——Japanese

-free

care——carefree

duty——duty-free

-ful

care——careful

pain——painful

-ic，-ical

atom——atomic

psychology——psychological

-ish

girl——girlish

child——childish

-ive

create——creative

support——supportive

-less

hope——hopeless

pain——painless

-like

child——childlike

lady——ladylike

-ly

man——manly

month——monthly

-ous，-ious

danger——dangerous

poison——poisonous

-some

tire——tiresome

trouble——troublesome

-ward

down——downwardup——upward

-y

guilt-guiltynoise-noisy

（4）副词后缀

-ly

easy-easilyheavy-heavily

-ward，-wards

east-eastward（s）north-northward（s）

-wise

clock-clockwise