考研基础写作03版本.docx

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考研基础写作03版本.docx

考研基础写作03版本

杭州新东方谢丹丹xddmoontree@

用词丰富

(1)一般→具体

①Somebooksaregood.

有用的:

useful;helpful

开卷有益的:

beneficial

开阔眼界的:

mind-broadening

尽量不要用的词汇:

good;bad;something;terrible

②not+形容词

Hewasnotoftenontime.-->Heusuallycamelate.

HedidnotthinkthatstudyingLatinwasmuchuse.-->HethoughtthestudyofLatinuseless.

注意:

读者绝不满足于被告知不是什么;他希望被告知是什么。

所以尽量少用

not+形容词的结构,而应该多用肯定语态。

(2)普通词→高级词

①表达观点think,believe

→insist;maintain;argue;beoftheopinionthat;beconvincedthat

②表达重要性important

→key;significant;essential;crucial;vital;indispensible;pivotal;beofgreatimportance/Sth.playavital/essentialrolein

③常见的普通词汇转化为高级词汇

Weigh

本来是称重的意思,但可以衍生为权衡

 

权衡利弊weightheadvantagesanddisadvantageofsh;weightheprosandconsofsth

权衡两种观点weighthetwoarguments

Outweigh

在这件事上,它的利远远大于弊。

Theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantagesinthiscase.

Remain

描述不好的状况,且这种状况短期内得不到解决

 

然而,发展中国家人民的生活水平和健康状况仍然不能让人满意。

However,livingstandardsandhealthconditionsofpeopleindevelopingcountriesremainunsatisfactory.

Shoulder

本来是肩膀的意思,可以衍生为承受

 

承担责任;为···承担责备

Shouldertheresponsibilities;shouldertheblameforsth

Address

努力解决这个问题

seektoaddresstheproblem

Afford

买的起/住得起/吃的起

也可衍生为承受

后果不堪设想

Wecannotaffordtheconsequences.

 

(3)主观→客观

知识点:

限定词的使用能使论述更加客观,适度,避免观点的绝对化,提高说服力和信度。

Anation’sprosperitydependsonthenextgeneration.

→Anation’sprosperitydepends,toalargeextent,onthenextgeneration.

知识点:

Toalargeextent从很大程度上

Cosmeticsurgeryisbeneficialtooursociety.

→Onthewhole,Ishouldsaythatcosmeticsurgeryisbeneficialtooursociety.

知识点:

Onthewhole总体上来说

Adiplomafromafamousuniversitydoesnotpromiseagoodpay.

→Adiplomafromafamousuniversitydoesnotnecessarilypromiseagoodpay.

知识点:

Notnecessarily不一定

Thefirstappearancewilldeterminetheapplicant’sfate.

→Thefirstappearancewillmoreoftenthannotdeterminetheapplicant’sfate.

知识点:

Moreoftenthannot往往

句型多样(句子的扩展)

E.G:

我再也不相信爱情了。

恶俗版:

Iwillneverbelievelove.

正常版:

Iwillnevereverbelieveinlove.

四六级作文高分版:

NeverwillIbelieveinloveanymore.

【注】:

大家注意never提到句首的时候,句子要用倒装哦~

托福版:

I'dratherdiethanbelieveinlove.

【注】ratherdosth.thandosth.:

与其……不如……

谷歌机翻版:

Idonotbelieveloveisthe.(谷歌你太坑爹了!

莎翁版:

Ohlove,nevershallIbelieveinthee!

【注】:

thee,古英语,第二人称单数宾格形式

Rap版:

Yoyoyocheckitout~Sayloveain'tworthit,don'tchaeverbelieveit,boyyatryin'getit,butIdon'tgiveadamnaboutit~yoboy~

【注】:

giveadamnaboutsth.在意,重视

GRE版:

TheonethingthatIhadputmyfaithinhasnowbeenprovennotworthit,thereforeIdeclaremyselffreefromthisunconvincingaffectioncommonlyknownasLove.

(1)句子的扩展:

短句→长句

可扩展的内同包括:

修饰语;同位语;时间,地点,原因,目的;从句成分;各种短语

①修饰语:

添加修饰名词和动词的词

IgraduatedfromZhejiangUniversity.

→Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity.

知识点:

Withhonorsadv.以优异成绩

②加同位语

含义:

一个名词或名词短语对另一个名词或代词(例he,you等)进行修饰

Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity.

→Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina.

③加时间,地点,原因,目的等

Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina.

→Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina,in2010.

④加从句

Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina,in2010.

→Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina,in2010,whenIbecameanEnglishteacherinNewOrientalSchool.

⑤加各种短语

知识点:

Undoubtedly/undeniably/admittedly,generallyspeaking/onthewhole/byandlarge/allinall,asamatteroffact,tobehonest/frank/totellthetruth,tobebrief/inaword等短语。

Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina,in2010,whenIbecameanEnglishteacherinNewOrientalSchool.

→Totellthetruth,Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina,in2010,whenIbecameanEnglishteacherinNewOrientalSchool.

⑥扩句前vs扩句后

IgraduatedfromZhejiangUniversity.(5words)

→Totellthetruth,Igraduatedwithhonors/proudlyfromthetime-honoredZhejiangUniversity,oneofthemostprestigiousuniversitiesinChina,in2010,whenIbecameanEnglishteacherinHangzhouNewOrientalSchool.(34words)

练习:

1、Iloveyou.

+修饰语

Iwholeheartedlyandunconditionallyloveyou.

+时间状语

Iwillwholeheartedlyandunconditionallyloveyouuntiltheheavenandearthgetold.

+同位语

Iwillwholeheartedlyandunconditionallyloveyou,ahandsomeandsmartyoungChinesemanwithatenderandsweetheart,untiltheheavenandearthgetold.

+定语从句

Iwillwholeheartedlyandunconditionallyloveyou,ahandsomeandsmartyoungChinesemanwithatenderandsweetheart,whoseeyesarefilledwithtendernessandencouragement,whichhavesupportedmeallthewayhere,untiltheheavenandearthgetold.

+其他细节

IswearbythemoonandstarsintheskythatIwillwholeheartedlyandunconditionallyloveyou,ahandsomeandsmartyoungChinesemanwithatenderandsweetheart,whoseeyesarefilledwithtendernessandencouragement,whichhavesupportedmeallthewayhere,untiltheheavenandearthgetold.

2、吸烟应该被禁止。

Smokingshouldbebanned.

→Frommypointofview,smoking,thebiggestkillerofmankind,which,accordingtoarecentsurveyconductedbyWHO,claimsthreemillionliveseveryannually,shoulddefinitelybebanned.

3、现在,年轻人中“闪婚现象”越来越多。

Nowadays,withprofoundchangesinpeople’svalues,especiallymarriagevalues,“flashmarriage”,orShanhun,isgraduallygainingitswidepopularityamongyoungpeople,whichhasdrawnmuchconcernfromallwalksoflife.

三、句型多样

主要包括:

从句;无灵主语;被动句;倒装;非谓语动词;仿句。

1、高分必杀技:

从句

E.g:

不要迷恋哥,哥只是传说。

Donotgetobsessedwiththebrotherwho/thatisnothingbutalegend.

Donotgetobsessedwiththebrother,whoisnothingbutalegend.

Smokingwhichclaimsthreemillionliveseveryyearshoulddefinitelybebanned.

Smoking,which,accordingtoarecentsurveyconductedbyWHO,claimsthreemillionliveseveryyear,shoulddefinitelybebanned.

知识点:

非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是词和句子。

(1)非限制性定语从句

学费很高,这对于普通家庭来说是一个很重的经济负担。

Thetuitionistoohigh,whichisaveryheavyfinancialburdenon/toaveragefamilies.

(2)As引导的非限制性定语从句

众所周知:

Asweallknow,+句子

Asisknowntoallthat/Asisknowntoall,

E.g:

众所周知,没有什么比学习英语更重要。

Asisknowntoall,nothingplaysamoreessentialrolethanlearningEnglish.

知识点:

As考研写作有用句型:

Aswehavediscussed/mentionedabove;Ashasbeendiscussed/mentionedabove,

正如以上讨论/提及过的

Aspeoplehaveoftenpointedout/Asissooftenpointedout,

正如人们常常指出的

Ascanbeseenfromtheabovegraph;

Asisindicated/revealed/shownintheabovegraph

正如以上图表所显示的

E.g:

正如许多科学家们所指出的,长时间的噪音会导致听力下降,甚至使人发疯。

Asmanyscientistshavepointedout,longexposuretonoisecanleadtothelossofhearingandevendrivepeoplemad.

Ashasbeenpointedoutbymanyscientists,longexposuretonoisecanleadtothelossofhearingandevendrivepeoplemad.

E.g:

正如我们所知,一张名牌大学的文凭不一定意味着好的收入。

Asweallknow,adiplomafromafamousuniversitydoesnotnecessarilypromiseagoodpay.

Adiplomafromafamousuniversity,asweallknow,doesnotnecessarilypromiseagoodpay.

2、定语从句:

Thosewho

那些倡导使用私家车的人忽略了这样一个事实:

私家车对环境造成很大伤害。

Thosewhoadvocatetheuseofprivatecarsneglectthefactthatprivatecarsbringgreatharmtotheenvironment.

*高分替换

Neglect→failtonotice

bringgreatharmto→poseagreatthreatto

3、It作形式主语

你若迷恋姐,就只会吐血。

→你若迷恋姐,你吐血就是难免的。

→Thatyouwillspitbloodisinevitableifyougetobsessedwiththesister.

→Itisinevitablethatyouwillspitbloodifyougetobsessedwiththesister.

(1)Itis+过去分词+that从句

知识点:

Itisreportedthat据报道

Itisgenerallybelievedthat人们普遍认为

Itmustbeadmittedthat必须承认的是,

E.g:

据说人永远不能用自己的舌头舔到自己的手肘。

Itissaidthatonecannotlickhisownelbowwithhisowntongue.

E.g:

然而必须承认的是,排名是鼓励大学之间相互竞争的有效途径。

However,itmustbeadmittedthatrankingisaneffectivemeanstoencourageuniversitiesorcollegestocompetewitheachother.

(2)Itis+形容词+that/todo

知识点:

Itisnecessary/imperativetodo/that

Itiswell-knowntoallthat众所周知

E.g:

早上吃的像皇帝,中午吃的像平民,晚上吃的像乞丐,这样做最明智。

Itisadvisabletoeatlikeakinginthemorning,acommonmanatnoonandabeggarintheevening.

(3)Itis+名词+that

知识点:

Itisauniversallyacceptedfactthat人们都普遍接受的事实是

Itismybeliefthat我认为

E.g:

覆水难收。

Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.

E.g:

很多人不知道猫的尿液是夜光的。

Itisnotauniversallyknownfactthattheurineofacatisluminous.

E.g:

事实证明,如果把工厂里面的机器漆成橘黄色而不是黑色或灰色,工人就会干得更勤奋,更出色,事故也会更少。

Itisanestablishedfactthatfactoryworkersworkbetter,harder,andhavefeweraccidentsiftheirmachinesarepaintedorangeratherthanblackorgrey.

练习:

1、将幸福等同于赚更多的钱、住宽敞的的房子是错误的。

Itiswrongtoequatehappinesswithmakingmoremoneyandlivinginaspacioushouse.

高分替换:

wrong→wrong-headed(固执错误、刚愎自用的)

2、我们必须采取有效措施打击网络犯罪。

Itisnecessary/essential/imperativethatwetakeeffectivemeasurestofightcybercrimes.

高分替换:

Fight→combat

知识点:

Itishightimethatsbdidsth.

4、无灵主语

含义:

由无生命的事物来做主语展开句子。

中英差异:

汉文化属于人文文化,讲究“天人合一”,以人为本,故主语的取向多为人。

英文化是科学文化,重物质,强调客观至上,主语的取向多为物。

E.g.被动句/无灵主语句

E.g:

每天早上我都还睡在床上。

Iaminbedeverymorning.

→Morningfindsmeinbed.

E.g:

Inthepastyears,myfacebecameweathered.

→Yearshaveweatheredmyface.岁月苍老了我的容颜。

(1)时间/地点作主语

E.g:

近十年来X市有越来越多的人选择出境旅游。

Inthepastdecade,moreandmorepeopleincityXtravelledabroad.

→Thepastdecadehas

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