高中英语语法一点通名词性从句.docx

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高中英语语法一点通名词性从句

高中英语语法一点通——名词性从句

知识清单

1、名词性从句的定义、分类及特征

在句中起到名词所能充当的句子成分的从句称之为名词性从句,名词常用来作主语、宾语、表语、同位语,因此,对应的名词性从句可以分为四大类:

主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句。

类别

特征

主语从句

1、作句子主语的从句叫作主语从句。

2、为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句,把主语从句置于句尾。

常用的句型有:

Itis/was+形容词/名词/过去分词+that从句。

Whetherhecancometothepartyontimedependsonthetraffic.

It’sagreatpitythattheydidn’tgetmarried.

Itistruethatthemanontheleftisawell-knownwriterhere.

Itisrequiredthatallmembersbepresent.

宾语从句

1、作句子宾语的从句叫作宾语从句。

宾语从句在句中可以作及物动词或者介词的宾语。

2、某些结构中可用it作形式宾语:

(1)动词make,find,think,feel,consider,believe等后面接宾语补足语时,常用的结构为:

动词+it+宾语补足语(形容词或者名词)+宾语从句;

(2)有些表示好恶的动词,如:

like,appreciate,dislike等带宾语从句时,需要在宾语从句前加it。

3、that引导宾语从句,一般不充当介词的宾语,但可作in和except的宾语,其它介词后要用形式宾语it。

Hearingthathissonwasbadlywounded,hehurriedtothehospitaltoseehim.

Therewasadiscussionaboutwhethertheproposalwaspractical.

Ithinkitnecessarythatwetakeplentyofboiledwatereveryday.

Iwouldappreciateitverymuchifyouhelpedmewithit.

Yourcompositioniswellwrittenexceptthattherearesomespellingmistakes.

Youcandependonitthathewillcometoouraid.

表语从句

位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。

Theproblemiswhoistopayandwhenwecanstart.

同位语从句

同位语从句说明其前面名词的具体内容。

通常由that引导,常接同位语从句的名词有:

news,conclusion,possibility,rumor,certainty,story,word,mystery,idea,doubt,hope,truth,question,belief,fact,message,evidence,information,explanation,rule,probability,question,wish,thought,statement,report,opinion,principle等。

ThenewsthattheUnitedStateswashitbyterroristattackstookthewholeworldbysurprise.

Hemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.

2、名词性从句引导词的用法

连接词

that,whether,if,asif,asthough

连接代词

what,which,who,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever

连接副词

when,where,how,why

1.that的用法

①that在句中没有意义,在从句中不充当句子成分,只起到连接的作用。

ItisdecidedthatthemeetingshouldbeputofftillnextMonday.

②that引导动词后的宾语从句时,可以省略,但引导其它名词性从句时,不可以省略。

但如果宾语从句是并列句时,引导第二个分句的that不可以省略。

Hesaid(that)hewaslateforschoolagainandthattheteacherwouldpunishhim.

2.whether/if的用法

whether可以引导四种名词性从句,if只能引导宾语从句和不放在句首的主语从句,即用it作形式主语。

在下列情况下只能用whether引导宾语从句:

(1)作介词宾语;

(2)whether...or(not)结构中;(3)后接动词不定式。

Thequestioniswhethertheycantakeouradvice.

Itisstillaquestionwhethertheycantakeouradvice.

Whethertheycantakeouradviceisaquestion.

Itisdoubtfulwhether/iftheycantakeouradvice.

Idon’tcarewhetherhewillcomeornot.

Iamnotinterestedinwhetheryou’llcomeornot.

Idon’tknowwhethertoaccepthisoffer.

3.asif/asthough的用法

asif/asthough表示“似乎、好像”的意思,只引导名词从句中的表语从句。

Shelookedasifshehadbeenworkinghardforalongtime.

4.连接代词

连接代词不仅起到连接主从句的作用,而且在名词性从句中充当主语、宾语、定语或表语。

Thequestioniswhocantakehisplace.

Wearesoupsetaboutwhatweshoulddonext.

Whoeverislateforthemeetingshouldbepunished.

特别提醒:

1、引导名词性从句时,what相当于allthat,所以what前不需要在出现先行词。

2、连接代词whatever,whoever虽然在意思上相当于nomatterwhat,nomatterwho,但是二者在用法上有一定区别,前者既可以引导名词性从句又可以引导让步状语从句,后者只可以引导让步状语从句。

Iwon’tbelievewhateverthedishonestmansays.

Whateverhesays,Iwon’tgowithhim.

=Nomatterwhathesays,Iwon’tgowithhim.

5.连接副词

连接副词不仅起到连接主从句的作用,而且在名词性从句中充当状语。

Itmakesnodifferencewhereweshallhavethemeeting.

Theycouldn’tunderstandwhyIrefusedit.

Theproblemiswhereweshouldstay.

难点突破

1、what的用法

what有时保留它原有的疑问意义,表示“什么”;有时作双重连接代词,相当于allthat或thethingthat;what本身已包括先行词,所以前面无需再用先行词。

Idon'tknowwhatsheisdoing.(疑问代词)

Iunderstoodwhathesaid.(连接代词)

Allwhathesaidwasreasonable.(错)

Whathesaidwasreasonable.(正)

Allthathesaidwasreasonable.(正)

ThatisacarwhatIcan'tafford.(错)

Thatisacarthat(which)Ican'tafford.(正)

2、who/whom与whoever/whomever的区别

who/whom意为“谁”,引导名词性从句时,带有疑问色彩。

whoever/whomever意为“无论谁、任何人”,相当于anyonewho/whom,没有疑问色彩。

Whowilltakethepositionisunderdiscussion.

Whoevertakesthepositionshouldberesponsibleforourcompany.

3、what/whatever与which/whichever的区别

what/whatever意为“什么/无论什么”,描述的事物在上下文中没有范围;which/whichever意为“哪个/无论哪个”,描述的事物在上下文中有范围。

Tobehonest,Icanhardlyunderstandwhat/whateveryouhavesaid.

Hereisthedress.ThisiswhatIhavebeendreamingof.

Herearemanybeautifuldresses.Idon’tknowwhichIlike.

Herearemanybeautifuldresses.Youcanchoosewhicheveryoulike.

4、because和why引导表语从句

because引导表语从句时,表示原因;why引导表语从句时,表示结果。

Jimgotuplate.Thatwasbecausetheclockwentwrong.

Theclockwentwrong.ThatwaswhyJimgotuplate.

解题秘诀

名词性从句四部曲

1、分析主句缺少的句子成分,进而确定考查四种名词性从句中哪一种名词性从句。

2、分析名词性从句所缺句子成分:

(1)缺少主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语;

(2)缺少状语,表示疑问;(3)不缺少句子成分,名词性从句句子成分完整。

3、缺少主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语,选用连接代词;缺少状语,表示疑问;选用连接副词;

不缺少句子成分,名词性从句句子成分完整,选用that或者whether/if。

4、结合每个引导词的意义和用法区别,确定使用某个具体的引导词。

易错题型

()1.Nowadaysconsumersbecomemoreandmorepracticalandbuyonly_______theyneed.

A.where     B.which      C.when        D.what

()2.She’dliketooffermoneyto_____needsittocontinuehisorherstudy.

A.who        B.whom      C.whoever      D.whomever

()3.---Ifyouareadmittedtoakeyuniversity,_________asaprize?

---I’mlookingforacellphone.

A.Whatyouexpectyourfatherwillofferyou

B.Doyouexpectwhatyourfatherwillofferyou

C.Whatdoyouexpectwillyourfatherofferyou

D.Whatdoyouexpectyourfatherwillofferyou

()4.Yesterdayhesoldoutallhisstampsat____hethoughtwasareasonableprice.

A.that    B.which       C.what        D.as

()5.Generallyspeaking,____wehaveseenseemsmorebelievablethan____wehavebeentold.

A.what;that   B.what;what  C.that;what  D.that;that

()6.Afterthreedays’waiting,therewasalittledoubtinthemother’smind_______thepolicecouldfindherlostchild.

A.how         B.that         C.where       D.whether

()7.“Sustainabledevelopment”isaquestion_______wecancontinuedevelopingtheworldwithoutdamagingtheenvironment.

 A.why        B.when        C.that          D.how

()8.We’dliketodo_______wecan_________thepoor.

 A.how;help                B.all;tohelp    

C.whatever;help            D.however;tohelp

()9.Myparentsused____theyhadtogetanewcarformybrother.

A.which  B.allwhat   C.what   D.不填

()10.Shewassoangryatall________hewasdoing_________shestayedupallnight.

A.that;that  B.that;whichC.what;that   D.what;as

()11.After_________seemedages,thenewsmandisclosedthefacts.

A.there        B.which       C.what         D.that

()12.Ourschoolisnolonger________itwas10yearsago,_________itwasnotwellequipped.

A.what;which  B.that;which  C.what;when D.that;where

()13.Ourbadlivinghabitswilldestroytheearth.Onlybychanging________welivecanwesavetheearth.

A.that        B.what        C.how       D.where

()14.Thinkingthatyouknow______infactyoudon’tisaseriousmistake

A.what       B.that         C.when       D.however

()15.Energyis_________makesthingswork.

A.what        B.everything  C.something D.anything

()16.Oneofthemenheldtheview_______thebooksaidwasright.

A.thatwhat   B.whatthat     C.that       D.whether

()17.Ithinkthatthismealwaswellworth______waschargedforit.

A.that   B.what     C.which   D.howmany

()18.Pleaseread________youlike.

A.whateverB.nomatterwhat

C.thatallD.allwhat

()19.Thoughheknewlittleaboutthefield,hesucceeded______othermoreexperimentersfailed.

A.which    B.that     C.what     D.where

()20.AlthoughAnneishappywithhersuccessshewonders______willhappentoherprivatelife.

A.it          B.that           C.what         D.this

()21.Thenewshasspreadalloverthecountry________thespaceshipsucceededinreturningtotheearth.

A.that     B.which    C.whether  D.what

()22.Youcanchoose________bookyoulikeamongthese.

A.nomatterwhat   B.whatever   

C.whose     D.whichever

()23.________wecan’tunderstandis________hedidn’tjoinusinourdiscussion.

A.That;whyB.Which;how

C.What;whatD.What;why

()24.Loulancityisnotatall_______atravelerwhohasneverseenthedesertbeforecanexpect.

A.what         B.that         C.which       D.where  

()25.Whatthedoctorisuncertainaboutis______mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.

A.when         B.how        C.whether    D.why

()26.Weshouldbuyourdaughteracomputerin______itcanhelptoimproveherEnglish.

A.which        B.that         C.what            D.whom

()27.Iwishtohaveafriendwith______sharesmyhobbiesandinterests.

A.whomever    B.nomatterwho   C.whoever      D.anyone

()28.Whydon’tyoubring_______tohisattentionthatyouaretoobusytodoit.

A.this            B.what          C.that             D.it

()29.Thetaskrequired_____didit______carefulandbraveenough.

A.who;is              B.whom;was   

C.whomever;were       D.whoever;be

()30.Wewrotealetterofthanksto_______hadhelpedus.  

A.who        B.those         C.whom         D.Whoever

()31.---Whatareyouanxiousabout?

---___________.

A.Whetherwecansucceed             B.Ifwesucceed

C.Doyousucceed                    D.Thatwecansucceed

()32.Theteacherasked________hisstudents.

A.whatthematterwaswithB.whichmatterwaswith

C.whatwasthematterwithD.whatwasmatterwith

()33.---Irangyouataboutten,buttherewasnoreply.

---Oh,thatwasprobably_________Iwasseeingthedoctor.

A.when         B.why          C.w

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