山东高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目附答案.docx

山东高考英语 阅读理解训练经典题目附答案.docx

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山东高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目附答案

山东高考英语阅读理解训练经典题目（附答案）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．（2019•浙江）阅读理解

   Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor（因素）.

   Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.

   Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources（资源）.

   ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,Mclntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.

   Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt（融雪）.

   Sincethe1930s,Mclntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.

（1）Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A. Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.

B. TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.

C. ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.

D. TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.

（2）Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?

A. Ecologicalstudiesofforests.                           

B. Banningwoodcutting.

C. Limitinghousingdevelopment.                      

D. Firecontrolmeasures.

（3）WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMclntyre?

A. Inadequatesnowmelt.                                     

B. Alongerdryseason.

C. Awarmerclimate.                                            

D. Dampnessoftheair.

（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A. California'sForests:

WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?

B. CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoon.

C. WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?

D. PatrickMclntyre:

GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题，探讨出现这一现象的原因。

（1）段落大意题。

第二段第一句Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests为主题句，意思是：

在4.6万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中，直径超过2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。

所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况，故答案为A。

（2）细节理解题。

题干中的well-intentioned意为“好意的”。

根据第三段描述：

伐木者对大树的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少的原因。

控制野火的初衷是保护森林，但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。

故答案为D。

（3）细节理解题。

将watershortage 定位在第五段，而Mclntyre在最后一段，根据 thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair可知，导致水源紧张的是上升的温度，造成树木将更多的水分散失到空气中。

故答案为C。

（4）主旨大意题。

文章的第一句是本文的主题句，文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展开，对大树数量减少的原因进行研究。

故答案为A。

【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章，文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。

阅读是紧扣主旨，快速浏览文章内容。

答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息。

2．阅读理解

   Myfatherloveshisgarden.Heplantedsomeseedsinit.ButatthattimeIdidn'tunderstandwhyworkinginthedirtexcitedhimsomuch.

   Unfortunately,inearlyMay,myfatherwasseriouslyinjuredinanaccident.Hehadtostayinbedforawhile.Mymotherhadseveralbusinesstripssoshecouldn'ttakecareofthegarden.Ididn'twantmyfathertoworry,soIsaidthatIwouldtakecareofhisgardenuntilherecovered.Iassumedthatthelittleplantswouldcontinuetogrowaslongastheyhadwater,andluckilyitrainedfairlyoftensoIdidn'tthinkmuchaboutthegarden.

   OneSaturdaymorning,myfathersaidtome,"Christine,thevegetablesshouldbeaboutreadytobepicked.Let'shaveasaladtoday!

"Iwentouttothegardenandwasupsettoseethatmanyofthelettuceleavesandcarrotshadbeenhalfeatenbybugs.Therewerehundredsofbugsalloverthem!

   Ipanickedforamoment,butthenIquietlywenttotheneareststoretobuysomevegetables.

   WhenIgavethesaladtohim,hesaid,"Oh,Christine,whatabeautifulsalad!

Ican'tbelievethecarrotsarethisbigalready.Youmustbetakingverygoodcareofmygarden."Ifeltalittlebitguilty.

   Cominghome,mymothersawthebagfromthesupermarketinthekitchen.IwasembarrassedandIadmitted,"Dadwantedasalad,butthegardenwasadisaster.Ididn'twanttodisappointhimsoIwenttothestore."ShelaughedbutpromisedtohelpmeinthegardenandweekslaterIwasfinallyabletopicksome.

   Icarefullymadeasaladandtookittomyfather.Helookedatitwithahintofasmile."Christinethecarrotsaresmallerinthissalad,buttheytastebetter."

   Now,Ibetterunderstandhowputtingalotofeffortintocaringforsomethingcanhelpyouappreciatetheresultsmore,howeversmalltheymaybe.Perhapsthiswasoneofthereasonsformyfather'sloveofgardening.

（1）Christineoriginallysaidshewoulddothegardeningbecauseshe________.

A.knewitwasimportanttoherfather

B.wantedtoimprovehergardeningskills

C.wasaskedbyherfathertodoit

D.wasinterestedingrowingvegetables

（2）Whichofthefollowingwasaprobleminthegarden?

A.Animalsoftenduginthegarden.

B.Insectsdestroyedthelettuceandcarrots.

C.Theplantsweregiventoomuchwater.

D.Thevegetablesweremarkedincorrectly.

（3）Christinecouldsecretlymakethesaladfromstore-boughtvegetablesbecause________.

A.herfathercouldn'tseethegarden'sprogress

B.herfatherwasinhospitalatthattime

C.hermotherhelpedhertobuythevegetables

D.hermotherhelpedhertomakeaspray

（4）WhatdidChristinelearnthroughherexperienceofgardening?

A.Alwaysprepareforarainyday.

B.Don'tbedisappointedbybugs.

C.Hardworkcanberewarding.

D.Workingaloneproducesresults.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）B

（3）A

（4）C

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了帮养病的爸爸照顾花园的经历让Christine明白了努力工作是值得的。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的"Myfatherloveshisgarden."及第二段中的"Ididn'twantmyfathertoworry,soIsaidthatIwouldtakecareofhisgardenuntilherecovered."可知，Christine的爸爸很喜欢花园，她不想让爸爸在养伤期间担心他的花园没人照顾，所以Christine说她会帮他照顾花园，也就是说Christine知道花园对爸爸很重要才说帮他照顾花园，故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"Iwentouttothegardenandwasupsettoseethatmanyofthelettuceleavesandcarrotshadbeenhalfeatenbybugs."可知，Christine去花园看到许多莴苣叶和胡萝卜被虫子吃掉了一半，由此可知，花园的一个问题是昆虫破坏了莴苣和胡萝卜，故选B。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"Unfortunately,inearlyMay,myfatherwasseriouslyinjuredinanaccident.Hehadtostayinbedforawhile."可知，Christine的爸爸在一次事故中受了重伤，需要卧床养伤，看不到菜园的进展，所以Christine才能偷偷地用商店里买来的蔬菜做沙拉，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的"Now,Ibetterunderstandhowputtingalotofeffortintocaringforsomethingcanhelpyouappreciatetheresultsmore,howeversmalltheymaybe."可知，现在，Christine更好地理解，为某事付出大量的努力可以帮助你更好地欣赏成果，不管成果有多小，言外之意，这个经历让Christine明白了努力工作是值得的，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Asweknow,JulianBeeverisaninternationalwell-knownsidewalkchalkartistwhosedrawingshaveappearedonthestreetsofLondon,BuenosAires,Paris,NewYork,andcountlessothercitiesaroundtheworld.Beevercreatesdrawingsthatlookcompletelythree-dimensionalwhenseenfromthecorrectangle.

   Now,inhisbook,Pavementchalkartist:

Thethree-dimensionaldrawingsofJulianBeever,theartistsharessomeofhismostfascinatingandhumorouspieces,Hereareafewexamplesyou'llfindinthebook.

  ●Philadelphiaeagle

   InPennsylvania,Beevercreated"Philadelphiaeagle"ahugedrawingwithaneaglelandingsuccessfullyonanAmericannationalflag.

  ●MeetingMr.Frog

   "MeetingMr.Frog"wascreatedinSalamanca,Spain,andisaboutarealistic-lookingfrogsittingonaLilypad.

   Swimmingpoolinthehighstreet

   Mypersonalfavoriteis"Swimmingpoolinthehighstreet"fromBrussels,whichisaboutawomanrelaxinginaswimmingpool-----aswimmingpoolsunkintothemiddleofthestreet,thatis!

   Alongwithanintroductionabouthisbackground,Beeverincludesadescriptionofthetechniquesheusedandthechallengesheovercamewitheverydrawing.HesharesinformationabouthistimeathomeintheUK.andabroad;thereisafunstorytobackupeachpieceofart.

   Beever'sartworkistrulyjawdropping.You'resuretospendagesturningtheleavesbackandforth,surprisedathowonemancancreatewhatlookslikeathree-dimensionaldesignonaflatsurfacewithjustabitofchalk.Fromanimalstosuperheroestofamousbuildings,thepaintingsareawondertolayeyeson.

   Paymentchalkartist:

Thethree-dimensionaldrawingsofJulianBeeverissurelyworthalook.Andanotherlook.This112-pagehardcoverbookisavailablenowfromFireflyBooksatalistpriceof$29.95

（1）Whatdoweknowaboutthebookmentionedinthetext?

A. Ithasapapercover.                                         

B. Ithasn'tbeenpublished.

C. Itincludessomedrawingtechniques.            

D. It'sabiographyofJulianBeever.

（2）Whatdoestheunderlinedpart"jawdropping"mostprobablymean?

A. Romantic.                      

B. Amazin