论文初稿正文部分.docx

论文初稿正文部分.docx

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论文初稿正文部分

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摘要

玛格丽特·阿特伍德是加拿大著名的小说家、诗人、文学评论家，也是当今国际文坛声誉卓越之人。

她的第十部小说《盲刺客》，摘取了英语文学的最高奖项布克奖的桂冠。

在《盲刺客》这样一部由女性书写女性、女性作为体验者的小说中，阿特伍德运用嵌套叙事，塑造了一位特别的、复杂的女主人公艾丽丝。

女主人公经历了从顺从和无声、觉醒和反抗、到拥有自己的话语权的过程。

在父权制社会中成长的艾丽丝在家庭和社会中都处于一种从属地位，从属于父亲、丈夫，没有权利选择自己的生活，她的内心感受长期被忽视，长久以来，做一位好妻子好母亲逐渐内化成艾丽丝心中的自我角色期待，她成为了一名顺从与沉默的附属品。

本文从存在主义出发，通过文献综述法，来分析和阐释她的沉默、反抗、与发声。

来揭示女性在男权政治霸权的侵害下所产生的负面危害，召唤女性对在男权政治中所扮演的帮凶角色的醒悟，以及对自身价值的重新认识。

关键词：

存在主义沉默压迫觉醒反抗

ABSTRACT

MargaretAtwoodisafamousCanadiannovelist,poet,literarycritic,andsheisalsoaninternationalreputationinliterature.HerministrytenthnovelTheBlindAssassinhasgottheremovalofthetopprizelaureateoftheBookerPrizeforEnglishliterature.InTheBlindAssassin,suchabookwrittenbywomen,womenasthosewhoexperiencethenovel,Atwoodusenestednarrative,createdaspecial,complexheroineAlice.Theheroinehasgonefromobedienceandsilence,awakeningandresistance,tohavetheirownvoiceintheprocess.InpatriarchalsocietiesgrowAliceinthefamilyandsocietyareinasubordinateposition,subordinatetofathers,husbands,havenorighttochoosetheirownlife,herfeelingshavelongbeenneglectedtoolong,doagoodmother,agoodwifeAlicegraduallywithintheheartsoftheselfintotheroleofexpectations,shebecameanobedientandsilentaccessories.Inthispaper,startingfromexistentialism,throughliteraturereview,analyzeandinterprethersilence,revolt,andsound.Torevealanegativeaffectwomeninpatriarchalpoliticalhegemonyagainstarising,summonwomenaccompliceinthepatriarchalrolepoliticsplayedinthewake,aswellasnewunderstandingoftheirownvalues.

Keywords:

ExistentialismSilenceOppressionWakingResistance

目录

1、引言.....................................................................................................................1

2、存在主义理论简介.............................................................................................3

2.1存在主义理论4

2.2存在主义作为个性解放的标准5

3、爱丽丝的变化与发展..........................................................................................5

3.1爱丽丝的生存状况与性格特征5

3.2艾丽丝的具体抗争表现7

4、艾丽丝变化与发展的原因.................................................................................8

4.1直接原因——妹妹劳拉的死撼动了艾丽丝骨子里的传统思想8

4.2根本原因——男性霸权主义对于女性的迫害与束缚8

结束语…………………………………………………………………………………………9

致谢……………………………………………………………………………………………10

参考文献…………………………………………………………………………………………12

CONTENTS

1Introduction1

2BriefIntroductionofExistentialismTheory3

2.1Existenlialismtheory3

2.2EcocriticismastheprincipleofIndividualliberation4

3TheChangeandDevelopmentofAlice5

3.1ThelivingconditionsofAliceandherpersonality5

3.2SpecificperformancetoprotestofAlice7

4TheReasonsofHerChangeandDevelopment.8

4.1DirectCause——Laura'sdeathshakinghertraditionalthoughts8

4.2RootCause——persecutionandbondageofmalehegemonyforwomen.8

Conclusion9

Acknowledgments....10

References12

1Introduction

MargaretAtwoodisCanada'smosttalentedcontemporarypoetessandinternationalrenownedliterarymaster.Shehaswonseveralawardsandtwelvehonorarydegrees.Shewasaprolificpoet,novelistandliterarycriticandfeminist,socialactivist.SheisthewinneroftheBookerPrizeandArthurC.ClarkeAward.Shespecializesintheeverydayexperienceelevatedtoametaphysicallevel.Thepoemisnotonlywithdelicatefemaleemotion,butalsofullofinsight,whichhasalargeinfluenceinCanadaandtheAnglo-Americanpoetrycircles.Asheropenandfullofwisdompoetry,hercommentsalsohaveanimportantimpactonthedevelopmentofcontemporaryCanadianpoetry.Sofar,MargaretAtwoodhaspublished14poetry,11novels,fivecollectionsofshortstoriesandthreeliterarycriticism.

Atwoodisawildlyrecognizedliteraryfigure,especiallyknownforthemesoffeminism.Atwoodhasbeenbreakingawayfromsocialconventionssinceshedecidedtobeawriter.Shehasalwaysquestionedwhywomenshouldnotbeabletohaveacareerandanequalrelationshipwithmen,Inhernovels,Atwoodalwayscreateswomencharactersthatareforcedtoreconstructtheiridentitiesinamoreself-reliantandcourageousway.Thesefemalecharactersseektoestablishtheirrelationshiptotheworldandtotheindividualsaroundthem.SuchasAliasGrace,TheHandmaid’sTale,andTheBlindAssassin.

TheBlindAssassin’sheroinesaretwosisters,AliceandLaura,Alicegrewupbymalehegemonicoppressionandbondage,andherfatheraskedhertomarrywithafour-year-oldmantosavethefamilybusiness,buthermarriagewasnothappy,shejustwasanaccessories,adoll,onlymercy,submissive.ThiswasthefateofthemajorityofCanadianwomenandthewholeofWesternsocietywomenofthatera.Instead,Lauracontinuedtostrugglewiththefateandfinallywouldratherdrivetocliffthanrefusetobowtodestiny.WhatshehasdonewasOnbehalfoftheWesternwomenforfreedomandliberationofthespirit,butinreality,underthesocialsystem,theresultwasinevitabletofailanddestroy.

WesternwriterssayitislikeaRussiandoll,whichmeansthatthestoryincludesanotherstory.Somecriticsalsothinkthenovelasarolledgorgeoustapestry.Inaddition,thenovel'snarrativemethodbreaksthetraditionalmodeltouseanumberofpost-modernismofexpression,suchastimeandspace,personchangeandsoon.What’smore,thenovelnotonlyhasagreatdealofpoetryfragments,butitsnarrativelanguageispoetic,whichgiveusasenseofbeautyandaftertaste.

2BriefIntroductionofExistentialismTheory

Existentialismisalsoknownsurvivalist,whichisoneofthemajorschoolsofcontemporaryWesternphilosophy.ThetermwasfirstproposedbytheFrenchtheisticMarcel.Inthe20thcentury,itspreadverywidely.FrenchphilosopherJean-PaulSartreandwriteAlbertCamusaretheirrepresentatives.

2.1Existentialismtheory

Early1960s,existentialismbecameanimportantrepresentativeofhumanisticthought.FromSartre'sexistentialistphilosophy,wecanfindtherealcompletehumanism.Existentialismisaphilosophyofnon-rationalism,whichemphasizesindividual,independent,andsubjectiveexperience.Sartre'sfamous"existenceprecedesessence",whichmeansthatinadditiontothehumansouldoesnotsurviveunalterablemoralorinvitro.Moralityandsoulareallhumancreationoutofsurvival.Wearenotobligedtocomplywithcertainethicalstandardsorreligion,andpeoplehavefreedomofchoice.Existentialismbecomeahelpfulmodelfromthebeginningofpsychotherapy.In1930s,FrankeladvocatesobjectpsychotherapywhichisnotthemeaningofFreudiantheory,advocatedthe"unconscious",buttomankindagainstnature"existence."Fromtheexistence,analyzingthemeaningandvalueofhumanexistence,helpingclientsfindandplaytheirownuniquemeaningandvalue.Duringtreatment,helpingclientsthroughtheexperienceofloveandsufferingtodiscoverthemeaningoflifetopromotetheserviceobjectmoreresponsibilityandreason.

2.2ExistentialismastheprincipleofIndividualLiberation

Coreideaofexistentialismispersonalexistence,andtheindividualhasthefreedomofchoice.People'sfreedomofchoiceandactionmanifestedintwoaspects.Onlythroughactionoftheirchoice,peoplecanrecognizethatfreedom,becausehumannatureistheactionoftheirchoicetodecide.Humanisabletocreateorself-definedthroughpersonalfreedom,andpersonalityandsocietyaretheresultofpeople'sfreedomofchoice.Therefore,peoplemustberesponsiblefortheiractions,whichhumanfreedomdoesnotincludetheexonerationoffreedom.Existentialistthoughtthatfreedomoftheindividualinhisfirstperformanceislackoffreedombecauseoftheconstraintofthetraditionalcultureandcustoms,Therefore,forpeople,themostimportantthingisunderstandingtheimportanceofchoice,andtoactaccordingtotheirownchoiceandresponsibility.

Existentialismcontainsfivebasicconcepts:

First,awakening;thesecondissufferingispartoflife;thethirdisfreedomofchoice;Fourthnecessityofdialogue;fiveisimplementation.Tosumup,existentialismconcentratesonhumanandrespectsforhumanindividualityandfreedom.Itthinksthatmanislivinginameaninglessuniverseandhumanexistenceitselfismeaningless,butpeoplecancreatebythemselvesonthebasisoftheexistenceandlivewonderfully.

3TheChangeandDevelopmentofAlice

Alicegrewupinapatriarchalsocialsystemandsufferedthemalehegemonicoppressionandabuse.Herpersonalityissubmissiveandmercy.Shewasjustatool,doll.

3.1ThelivingconditionofAlice

Ithasmaintwoparts.Thefirstoneisforherfather,theanotheroneisforhusband.

3.1.1Obedienttoherfather

Broughtupinapatriarchalsocietyandtraditionaldoctrine,Aliceisanobedientdaughter.Ononehand,herfatherprovidesherashelter.Withouteconomicindependenceandregardedastheestateofmen,Alicehastobeobedienttothemanwhoisinchargeofherlifeandherfamily.Ontheotherhand,Alice’smotherdiedwhenshewasstillachild.Herfatherhasgraduallybecomethecenterofherlife.Alicecangetlifeexperiencefromhimandwantstomakehimproudofher.ThusAliceisanobedientdaughter.Herobediencetohermarriagewhichisarrangedbyherfatherisaperfectexampleofherobedience.

Alicealsoisasacrificeonthealtarofherfamily.Sheundertakesalotofresponsibilities.Tosavefamilyfactory,herfatheraskedhertomarryanoldman.Herinnerfeelingsandneed