Yjldhq新东方新托福高分强化班笔记.docx
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Yjldhq新东方新托福高分强化班笔记
生命中,不断地有人离开或进入。
于是,看见的,看不见的;记住的,遗忘了。
生命中,不断地有得到和失落。
于是,看不见的,看见了;遗忘的,记住了。
然而,看不见的,是不是就等于不存在?
记住的,是不是永远不会消失?
NotesofTOEFLCourse
Part1Speaking
复习时间分配比例
总共时间(假设)
50h
Q1
30h
Q2
Q3
15h
Q5
Q4
5h
Q6
●TOD——TopicDevelopment
●D——Delivery
●LE——LanguageUse
语速150wordspermin
语调emotional
使用headset的技巧:
mic置于嘴稍下(避免气流声),用手稍微捂住嘴说话(集中音量)
CrackingTASK1&2
●要有topicsentence
●Keeptalking
●Detailed:
place,time,person,number
●要用动词的同义词,不要照说原题
●少用“我”开头
地方题旅游,衣食住行
人物题正直,有耐心,有爱心
CrackingTASK1
●看题取代听题
●使用同义词、近义词
●可以用排列句Ialwaysliketotrytheirfamouscheese,yogurt,andwine.
Point1reason→because,thereasonwhy
Point2example→Iremember,forexample,thebestcasetosupportitis…
Point3detail→name,data(duration,frequency,howold,etc.),itemization
动词令听者有画面感
Topic:
abstract
1.major
2.interest
3.personallife
★MethodsofClassification★
i.Localvs.International/Foreign
ii.Bigvs.Small
iii.Lotsvs.Few
iv.Availablevs.Unavailable
v.Internalvs.External
vi.Malevs.Female
vii.Freedomvs.Limit
viii.Focusvs.Distract
ix.Wastevs.Cost
x.Activevs.Passive
xi.Commonvs.Special
xii.Publicvs.Private
xiii.Majorityvs.Minority
xiv.Safetyvs.Danger
xv.Beautifulvs.Ugly
Cutintothesameissuewithdifferentangles.
benefit:
wellness/goodness
kindalike,sortalike=forexample
leftover
set-up:
arrangement
TA=teachingassistant
Librarian
Consulter/adviser辅导员
Orientation入学指导
Discourse=speech
Mating/breedingseason
allot分配时间
assign分配任务
allocate分配资源
appoint分配人
peekat偷看
beforehand=inadvance
unparallel不可比拟的
costumes装束,服装
prop道具
wearitloose披散头发
parlor店铺abeautyparlor,anicecreamparlor,afuneralparlor
whereabouts在…附近;下落,去向
CrackingTASK2
1.which→answer
2.key→samemeaning/paraphrase
3.adj.&adv.→similar(optional)
4.v.→similaroropposite(optional)
5.题目出现之后把耳机拿开,阅读题目增加准备时间
CrackingTASK3
1.Fact+Change+2Reasons
2.把细节、过渡词全部忘掉
3.屏幕上文章一出现就开始看,手立即作笔记
4.听力中表达观点的人是主角,配角的话完全不用听,笔记格式如下:
C(change)
R1(reason1)
R2(reason2)
Maledislike
Female
R1
R2
HiddenrolesofETS
1.Student-centered
2.Forthesakeofcommunity
3.Playingmeansstudying
4.Alwaystheauthority’sfault
5.Competition-driven
6.Equality
CrackingTASK5
Step1Listening,note-taking
1.Classify&IdentifyTheProblem
What’stheproblem?
●Scheduleconflicts:
busy
●Unavoidableabsence
●Resourcesunavailable
●Studentelection(涉及选举公平性,或者选举的其他活动,如campaign,debate,speech)
2.Solutions&Detail
Step2Speaking,Retell&Choose
Note-takinginTask5
●Theonewhoasksquestionwillprovidethesolution.
Ex.Hey,youlooksopale,areyouok?
M
F
S1(Solution1)
S2
P:
(Problem)
xxxxxvs.xxxxx
Sentencepatterns
●Theman/womanintheconversationisfacingtheproblemthat…
●Thetroublefacedbytheman/womanisthat…
●Fromthedialogue,welearnedthattheman/womanranintotheproblemthat…
●So,thesearethetwosolutionsavailableforher.
●BetweendoingAanddoingB,Iwouldratherpickthefirstoption.
CrackingTASK4
1.Whereveradifferentwordappears,thereisalwaysasimplifiedreplacement.
2.Reading:
background+theme+2points/theories(ifexamplesexist,copythem)
3.Listening:
lecture+2detailexamples
4.旁白在4和6题中有主旨,留意最前和最后的旁白
Pattern1(fix)
●reading→theme→title
point1→phrase时间递进
point2→phrase时间递进
●listeningreminder
example1
example2
Pattern2(mix)
Liveeverydaytotheultimate.
Daretodream;daretoliveondream.
Part2Reading
推荐书目或网页:
●林语堂《吾国与吾民》
●
●MerriamWebsterCollegiate11th
●韦氏辞典豪华版3.0
●旧托词频表
●杨鹏17天
把阅读文章中不懂的词记成X,比如mound(土墩,护堤,垛)就是小m
And的含义:
1.并列
2.递进
3.条件
4.因果
1.3LocatingReference指代
1.代词一般指代名词原则
非限性定语从句which只指代主句中的名词,不能指代一件事/句子
2.单复数一致原则
3.代词一般指前原则
同质同位,主语同指原则:
1.简单句(前句)
2.并列句中两个分句
3.主从句
成对关系
●one…another…/one…others…
●some…others…
●morethan
●theformer…thelatter…
1.6DeterminingPurpose目的
1.例证关系
a.标记词P113-6
b.对称结构,往前面找答案P110-5
2.对比关系
compare&contrast
similarity~difference
a.比较thesame,equal,similar,like
b.对比比较级vs.否定词
3.其他形容词、比喻、形象化描述
1.7RecognizingParaphrases释义
对于简单句:
1.主干(主谓宾),小心被动语态
2.逻辑关系(连词,比较关系的字眼)
3.注意:
a.被动语态
b.首句是代词要看上句
c.正确的释义可能会用所指代的内容来代替代词
d.不要带着自己的逻辑做题,应该按照选项去推
错项的特点:
●新概念
●白马非马
●无中生有
●绝对化only,all(原文中出现这类词除外)
1.8RecognizingCoherence插入
1.存在指代关系
a.代词
b.名词重复(代词+同义替换)
2.代词+名词重复,比如itisamethod….
3.总分关系
a.明显标记词p138、og121-11
b.先抽象,后具体
c.AofB,新概念
d.要比较,先介绍
4.因果关系
错项的特点:
●打乱了相邻句子间的逻辑性
●影响了转折语的正常使用
●打乱了代词与指代对象之间的逻辑关系
1.9SummarizingImportantIdeas摘要~1.10OrganizingInformation结构
Mainidea
首段转折句
首段设问句
首段末句(结论、科学发现)
首段因果句
明显分类描述
明显数量概述(总分)
Subidea→各段首句
选项相加不需要涵盖全文,顺序没关系。
错误选项特征:
1.文章没有表述
2.与原文表述不一
3.次要细节(不能直接对mainidea其支持作用,即需要逻辑推理才能推出mainidea)
4.例子,定义,简单现象陈述,具体人名,具体数字,过细细节
compare&contrast文章的结构分析:
1.Pointbypoint
A
B
Emotional
Physical
Financial
2.Blockformat,例如:
AB对比的两种方式
Emotional
Physical
Financial
A
B
3.ChronologicalOrder
各个时间阶段+对应特征
明显标志性
Part3Writing
Truthliesinwhatisunsaid.
IntegratedWriting
IndependentWriting
20min
30min
150~225words
Around300words
Step1:
Reading
Step2:
Listening
Step3:
FastReading
Step4:
Writing
Point
Evidences
Conflicts
Organization
Thenumofparagraphs(4-6)
Thefunctionofeachpara
Theconnectionandtransitionamongpara
300words=15wordspersentence×22sentences
Upgradingwordsandphrases:
●step1:
discover→熟悉的陌生人
●step2:
compare→老熟人联系到熟悉的陌生人
●step3:
practice→有目的的造句(最好是带有动词的短语,比如sbplacemuchemphasisonsth)
老熟人:
good
●offerseveral/alargenumberof/aseriesofadvantages
●berewarding
●awiderangeofknowledge
important
●behighlysignificant
●berecognizedas
●havegreatimpacton
humor
亮点criticalthinking→多角度分析复杂性
1.analysis
2.complexity
3.fromdifferentangles
insight深度
Notetakingmethod
Passage(reading)
Lecture(listening)
Team:
best,advantage
1.moreknowledge,awiderrangeof
2.morequickly
∵greaterresources
3.creativesolution
∵morelikelytakerisks
4.feelbetter/rewarding,haveavoiceindecisionmaking
5.shine,individual
1.notquicklyenough,manymeetingsandagreements
2.thegroupasawhole,nonamewasnamed
IndependentWriting:
1.Organization→outline
2.Methodofgeneratingevidence→topicsentenceparagraph
3.Languageuse→L2--L3/L3--L4
IndependentWritingTOPICS:
1.Agreeordisagree(yesorno)
2.Enumerate(列举why/what/how)
3.AorB(二选一)
4.Comparison:
AorB
IndependentWritingORGANIZATION:
☻平行式
P1topic+point
P2
P3reasons&evidences:
topicsentence,supportingdetails
P4
P5conclusion→重申观点、归纳理由
Thebestthingabouttheworstsituationisthatitcannotgetevenworse.
平行式中使用让步
WHAT?
指出支持/反对的观点的某些局限性/合理性
使用转折词but,yet,however,nevertheless,etc.
HOW?
1.用一段来让步
P1No
P2Advantage
P3However,…./Itistruethat…but…
2.段落内部让步
P1No
P2(topicsentence)…mayleadtochildren’srepulsion/revulsion/dislike.让步Somemayargue/claim/state/mention/contend/maintainthat…
P267-1,Whyuniversity?
P2thebenefitofdoingsthistodosth
a)Themostpracticalbenefitofattendinguniversityistoobtainadiploma.
反例BillGates
b)质疑/挑战sb.question/challenge/castdoubton…
c)Theyuse/citesth.asanexample,pointingout(theypointout)thatinordertoachieve/accomplishsuccess…
d)Billisanexceptional/rarecase.
P3(TS)
Ifthepursuitofdiplomaistheproductofpracticalneeds,universitylifeprovides/offersstudentswithmorevaluableexperience,achanceofenjoyingthepleasureoflearning,
Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:
thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andtheunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.
------BertrandRussell
☻对照式
P1Topic
P2一方的合理性
P3另一方的合理性
P4自己的观点(AorB)+reasons
P268-3,Bigcityorsmalltown?
agreeordisagree
enumerate
AorB
compare
平行式
对照式
P276-3,Comparedifferentfriendsandsimilarfriends,whichprefer?
a)有共同兴趣share…incommon/like-minded/congenial
b)建立关系establish/cultivate/develop/foster/form+aharmoniousrelationship
c)不同角度differentangles/perspectives/aspects
d)使有趣addfun/color/spice/excitementto…
e)无聊dull,tedious,monotonous,vapid,lackluster
P281-3,Whymoviesaresopopular?
1.细分关键词
2.因果
3.举例
4.情景假设scenariosuppose/imagine
5.让步
6.对比
Thefilmdawnsonhimthat…
a)Moviesenablepeopletorelieve/release(offeranoutletof)pressure,stress,tension,anxiety
b)因果Poormodernpeoplesufferfrom(strugglewith)tremendouspressureoriginated(stems)fromfierce(intense)competitionandcomplexinterpersonalrelationship
添加形容词和副词修饰句子
c)Whymovie?
beimmersed/absorbedin(concentrate/focuson)movie
shiftone’sattentionfrom(takeone’smindoff)
d)细分关键词Comediesgeneratelaughterwhichcurepeoplefromdailypressure…
IntegratedWriting
☻两者一致
1.Thepassagestates(demonstrates,show,indicates,claims,mentions,pointsout)that…
2.Itissaidinthepassage…
3.Thewriter(speaker,lecturer)presents(proposes,putsforward,support,beinsupportthat,uphold,sustain,voiceone’s)view(idea,concept,point,notion,opinion)that…
☻两者相反
A+question/challenge+B
castdoubton
weaken
callBintoquestion
合并添加变形
合并:
A.Internetoffersalargeamountofinformation.
B.Internetacceleratesthespeedofcommunication.
●递进NotonlydoesInternetoffers…butalso…
●因果result(sentence)+for/forthereasonthat/inthat+cause(sentence)
cause+as