Yjldhq新东方新托福高分强化班笔记.docx

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Yjldhq新东方新托福高分强化班笔记.docx

Yjldhq新东方新托福高分强化班笔记

生命中,不断地有人离开或进入。

于是,看见的,看不见的;记住的,遗忘了。

生命中,不断地有得到和失落。

于是,看不见的,看见了;遗忘的,记住了。

然而,看不见的,是不是就等于不存在?

记住的,是不是永远不会消失?

NotesofTOEFLCourse

Part1Speaking

复习时间分配比例

总共时间(假设)

50h

Q1

30h

Q2

Q3

15h

Q5

Q4

5h

Q6

●TOD——TopicDevelopment

●D——Delivery

●LE——LanguageUse

语速150wordspermin

语调emotional

使用headset的技巧:

mic置于嘴稍下(避免气流声),用手稍微捂住嘴说话(集中音量)

CrackingTASK1&2

●要有topicsentence

●Keeptalking

●Detailed:

place,time,person,number

●要用动词的同义词,不要照说原题

●少用“我”开头

地方题旅游,衣食住行

人物题正直,有耐心,有爱心

CrackingTASK1

●看题取代听题

●使用同义词、近义词

●可以用排列句Ialwaysliketotrytheirfamouscheese,yogurt,andwine.

Point1reason→because,thereasonwhy

Point2example→Iremember,forexample,thebestcasetosupportitis…

Point3detail→name,data(duration,frequency,howold,etc.),itemization

动词令听者有画面感

Topic:

abstract

1.major

2.interest

3.personallife

★MethodsofClassification★

i.Localvs.International/Foreign

ii.Bigvs.Small

iii.Lotsvs.Few

iv.Availablevs.Unavailable

v.Internalvs.External

vi.Malevs.Female

vii.Freedomvs.Limit

viii.Focusvs.Distract

ix.Wastevs.Cost

x.Activevs.Passive

xi.Commonvs.Special

xii.Publicvs.Private

xiii.Majorityvs.Minority

xiv.Safetyvs.Danger

xv.Beautifulvs.Ugly

Cutintothesameissuewithdifferentangles.

benefit:

wellness/goodness

kindalike,sortalike=forexample

leftover

set-up:

arrangement

TA=teachingassistant

Librarian

Consulter/adviser辅导员

Orientation入学指导

Discourse=speech

Mating/breedingseason

allot分配时间

assign分配任务

allocate分配资源

appoint分配人

peekat偷看

beforehand=inadvance

unparallel不可比拟的

costumes装束,服装

prop道具

wearitloose披散头发

parlor店铺abeautyparlor,anicecreamparlor,afuneralparlor

whereabouts在…附近;下落,去向

CrackingTASK2

1.which→answer

2.key→samemeaning/paraphrase

3.adj.&adv.→similar(optional)

4.v.→similaroropposite(optional)

5.题目出现之后把耳机拿开,阅读题目增加准备时间

CrackingTASK3

1.Fact+Change+2Reasons

2.把细节、过渡词全部忘掉

3.屏幕上文章一出现就开始看,手立即作笔记

4.听力中表达观点的人是主角,配角的话完全不用听,笔记格式如下:

C(change)

R1(reason1)

R2(reason2)

Maledislike

Female

R1

R2

HiddenrolesofETS

1.Student-centered

2.Forthesakeofcommunity

3.Playingmeansstudying

4.Alwaystheauthority’sfault

5.Competition-driven

6.Equality

CrackingTASK5

Step1Listening,note-taking

1.Classify&IdentifyTheProblem

What’stheproblem?

●Scheduleconflicts:

busy

●Unavoidableabsence

●Resourcesunavailable

●Studentelection(涉及选举公平性,或者选举的其他活动,如campaign,debate,speech)

2.Solutions&Detail

Step2Speaking,Retell&Choose

Note-takinginTask5

●Theonewhoasksquestionwillprovidethesolution.

Ex.Hey,youlooksopale,areyouok?

M

F

S1(Solution1)

S2

P:

(Problem)

xxxxxvs.xxxxx

Sentencepatterns

●Theman/womanintheconversationisfacingtheproblemthat…

●Thetroublefacedbytheman/womanisthat…

●Fromthedialogue,welearnedthattheman/womanranintotheproblemthat…

●So,thesearethetwosolutionsavailableforher.

●BetweendoingAanddoingB,Iwouldratherpickthefirstoption.

CrackingTASK4

1.Whereveradifferentwordappears,thereisalwaysasimplifiedreplacement.

2.Reading:

background+theme+2points/theories(ifexamplesexist,copythem)

3.Listening:

lecture+2detailexamples

4.旁白在4和6题中有主旨,留意最前和最后的旁白

Pattern1(fix)

●reading→theme→title

point1→phrase时间递进

point2→phrase时间递进

●listeningreminder

example1

example2

Pattern2(mix)

Liveeverydaytotheultimate.

Daretodream;daretoliveondream.

Part2Reading

推荐书目或网页:

●林语堂《吾国与吾民》

●MerriamWebsterCollegiate11th

●韦氏辞典豪华版3.0

●旧托词频表

●杨鹏17天

把阅读文章中不懂的词记成X,比如mound(土墩,护堤,垛)就是小m

And的含义:

1.并列

2.递进

3.条件

4.因果

1.3LocatingReference指代

1.代词一般指代名词原则

非限性定语从句which只指代主句中的名词,不能指代一件事/句子

2.单复数一致原则

3.代词一般指前原则

同质同位,主语同指原则:

1.简单句(前句)

2.并列句中两个分句

3.主从句

成对关系

●one…another…/one…others…

●some…others…

●morethan

●theformer…thelatter…

1.6DeterminingPurpose目的

1.例证关系

a.标记词P113-6

b.对称结构,往前面找答案P110-5

2.对比关系

compare&contrast

similarity~difference

a.比较thesame,equal,similar,like

b.对比比较级vs.否定词

3.其他形容词、比喻、形象化描述

1.7RecognizingParaphrases释义

对于简单句:

1.主干(主谓宾),小心被动语态

2.逻辑关系(连词,比较关系的字眼)

3.注意:

a.被动语态

b.首句是代词要看上句

c.正确的释义可能会用所指代的内容来代替代词

d.不要带着自己的逻辑做题,应该按照选项去推

错项的特点:

●新概念

●白马非马

●无中生有

●绝对化only,all(原文中出现这类词除外)

1.8RecognizingCoherence插入

1.存在指代关系

a.代词

b.名词重复(代词+同义替换)

2.代词+名词重复,比如itisamethod….

3.总分关系

a.明显标记词p138、og121-11

b.先抽象,后具体

c.AofB,新概念

d.要比较,先介绍

4.因果关系

错项的特点:

●打乱了相邻句子间的逻辑性

●影响了转折语的正常使用

●打乱了代词与指代对象之间的逻辑关系

1.9SummarizingImportantIdeas摘要~1.10OrganizingInformation结构

Mainidea

首段转折句

首段设问句

首段末句(结论、科学发现)

首段因果句

明显分类描述

明显数量概述(总分)

Subidea→各段首句

选项相加不需要涵盖全文,顺序没关系。

错误选项特征:

1.文章没有表述

2.与原文表述不一

3.次要细节(不能直接对mainidea其支持作用,即需要逻辑推理才能推出mainidea)

4.例子,定义,简单现象陈述,具体人名,具体数字,过细细节

compare&contrast文章的结构分析:

1.Pointbypoint

A

B

Emotional

Physical

Financial

2.Blockformat,例如:

AB对比的两种方式

Emotional

Physical

Financial

A

B

3.ChronologicalOrder

各个时间阶段+对应特征

明显标志性

 

Part3Writing

Truthliesinwhatisunsaid.

IntegratedWriting

IndependentWriting

20min

30min

150~225words

Around300words

Step1:

Reading

Step2:

Listening

Step3:

FastReading

Step4:

Writing

Point

Evidences

Conflicts

Organization

Thenumofparagraphs(4-6)

Thefunctionofeachpara

Theconnectionandtransitionamongpara

300words=15wordspersentence×22sentences

Upgradingwordsandphrases:

●step1:

discover→熟悉的陌生人

●step2:

compare→老熟人联系到熟悉的陌生人

●step3:

practice→有目的的造句(最好是带有动词的短语,比如sbplacemuchemphasisonsth)

老熟人:

good

●offerseveral/alargenumberof/aseriesofadvantages

●berewarding

●awiderangeofknowledge

important

●behighlysignificant

●berecognizedas

●havegreatimpacton

humor

亮点criticalthinking→多角度分析复杂性

1.analysis

2.complexity

3.fromdifferentangles

insight深度

Notetakingmethod

Passage(reading)

Lecture(listening)

Team:

best,advantage

1.moreknowledge,awiderrangeof

2.morequickly

∵greaterresources

3.creativesolution

∵morelikelytakerisks

4.feelbetter/rewarding,haveavoiceindecisionmaking

5.shine,individual

1.notquicklyenough,manymeetingsandagreements

2.thegroupasawhole,nonamewasnamed

IndependentWriting:

1.Organization→outline

2.Methodofgeneratingevidence→topicsentenceparagraph

3.Languageuse→L2--L3/L3--L4

IndependentWritingTOPICS:

1.Agreeordisagree(yesorno)

2.Enumerate(列举why/what/how)

3.AorB(二选一)

4.Comparison:

AorB

IndependentWritingORGANIZATION:

☻平行式

P1topic+point

P2

P3reasons&evidences:

topicsentence,supportingdetails

P4

P5conclusion→重申观点、归纳理由

Thebestthingabouttheworstsituationisthatitcannotgetevenworse.

平行式中使用让步

WHAT?

指出支持/反对的观点的某些局限性/合理性

使用转折词but,yet,however,nevertheless,etc.

HOW?

1.用一段来让步

P1No

P2Advantage

P3However,…./Itistruethat…but…

2.段落内部让步

P1No

P2(topicsentence)…mayleadtochildren’srepulsion/revulsion/dislike.让步Somemayargue/claim/state/mention/contend/maintainthat…

P267-1,Whyuniversity?

P2thebenefitofdoingsthistodosth

a)Themostpracticalbenefitofattendinguniversityistoobtainadiploma.

反例BillGates

b)质疑/挑战sb.question/challenge/castdoubton…

c)Theyuse/citesth.asanexample,pointingout(theypointout)thatinordertoachieve/accomplishsuccess…

d)Billisanexceptional/rarecase.

P3(TS)

Ifthepursuitofdiplomaistheproductofpracticalneeds,universitylifeprovides/offersstudentswithmorevaluableexperience,achanceofenjoyingthepleasureoflearning,

Threepassions,simplebutoverwhelminglystrong,havegovernedmylife:

thelongingforlove,thesearchforknowledge,andtheunbearablepityforthesufferingofmankind.

------BertrandRussell

☻对照式

P1Topic

P2一方的合理性

P3另一方的合理性

P4自己的观点(AorB)+reasons

P268-3,Bigcityorsmalltown?

agreeordisagree

enumerate

AorB

compare

平行式

对照式

P276-3,Comparedifferentfriendsandsimilarfriends,whichprefer?

a)有共同兴趣share…incommon/like-minded/congenial

b)建立关系establish/cultivate/develop/foster/form+aharmoniousrelationship

c)不同角度differentangles/perspectives/aspects

d)使有趣addfun/color/spice/excitementto…

e)无聊dull,tedious,monotonous,vapid,lackluster

P281-3,Whymoviesaresopopular?

1.细分关键词

2.因果

3.举例

4.情景假设scenariosuppose/imagine

5.让步

6.对比

Thefilmdawnsonhimthat…

a)Moviesenablepeopletorelieve/release(offeranoutletof)pressure,stress,tension,anxiety

b)因果Poormodernpeoplesufferfrom(strugglewith)tremendouspressureoriginated(stems)fromfierce(intense)competitionandcomplexinterpersonalrelationship

添加形容词和副词修饰句子

c)Whymovie?

beimmersed/absorbedin(concentrate/focuson)movie

shiftone’sattentionfrom(takeone’smindoff)

d)细分关键词Comediesgeneratelaughterwhichcurepeoplefromdailypressure…

 

IntegratedWriting

☻两者一致

1.Thepassagestates(demonstrates,show,indicates,claims,mentions,pointsout)that…

2.Itissaidinthepassage…

3.Thewriter(speaker,lecturer)presents(proposes,putsforward,support,beinsupportthat,uphold,sustain,voiceone’s)view(idea,concept,point,notion,opinion)that…

☻两者相反

A+question/challenge+B

castdoubton

weaken

callBintoquestion

合并添加变形

合并:

A.Internetoffersalargeamountofinformation.

B.Internetacceleratesthespeedofcommunication.

●递进NotonlydoesInternetoffers…butalso…

●因果result(sentence)+for/forthereasonthat/inthat+cause(sentence)

cause+as

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