中学英语200组积极词汇辨析小结.docx
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中学英语200组积极词汇辨析小结
1.clothes,cloth,clothing
clothes统指各种衣服，谓语动词永远是复数，cloth指布，为不可数名词clothing服装的总称，指一件衣服用apieceof,anarticleof
2.incident,accident
incident指小事件,accident指不幸的事故Hewaskilledintheaccident.
3.amount,number
amount后接不可数名词，number后接可数名词anumberofstudents
4.family,house,home
home家，包括住处和家人，house房子，住宅，family家庭成员.Myfamilyisahappyone.
5.sound,voice,noise
sound自然界各种各样的声音，voice人的嗓音，noise噪音Ihatetheloudnoiseoutside.
6.photo,picture,drawing
photo用照相机拍摄的照片，picture可指相片，图片，电影片，drawing画的画
Let'sgoandseeagoodpicture.
7.vocabulary,word
vocabulary词汇，一个人拥有的单词量，word具体的单词Hehasalargevocabulary.
8.population,people
population人口，人数，people具体的人Chinahasalargepopulation.
9.weather,climate
weather一天内具体的天气状况，climate长期的气候状况Theclimatehereisnotgoodforyou.
10.road,street,path,way
road具体的公路，马路，street街道，path小路，小径，way道路，途径
takethisroad;inthestreet,showmethewaytothemuseum.
11.course,subject
course课程（可包括多门科目），subject科目（具体的学科）asummercourse
12.custom,habit
custom传统风俗，习俗，也可指生活习惯，后接todo，habit生活习惯，习惯成自然，后接ofdoing.I'vegotthehabitofdrinkingalot.
13.cause,reason
cause指造成某一事实或现象的直接原因，后接ofsth./doingsth，reason用来解释某种现象或结果的理由，后接forsth./doingsth.thereasonforbeinglate
14.exercise,exercises,practice
exercise运动，锻炼（不可数），exercises练习（可数），practice（反复做的）练习
Practicemakesperfect.
15.class,lesson
作"课"解时,两者可以替换.指课文用lesson.指班级或全体学生用class.lesson6;class5
16.speech,talk,lecture
speech指在公共场所所做的经过准备的较正式的演说，talk日常生活中的一般的谈话，讲话，lecture学术性的演讲，讲课aseriesoflectureon…
17.officer,official
officer部队的军官，official政府官员anarmyofficer
18.work,job
二者均指工作。
work不可数，job可数agoodjob
19.couple,pair
couple主要指人或动物，pair多指由两部分组成的东西apairoftrousers
20.country,nation,state,land
country侧重指版图，疆域，nation指人民，国民，民族，state侧重指政府，政体，land国土，国家Thewholenationwassadatthenews.
21.cook,cooker
cook厨师，cooker厨具Heisagoodcook.
22.damage,damages
damage不可数名词,损害，损失;damages复数形式,赔偿金$900damages
23.police,policeman
police警察的总称，后接复数谓语动词，policeman指某个具体的警察Thepolicearequestioningeveryoneinthehouse.
24.problem,question
problem常和困难连系，前面的动词常为thinkabout,solve,raise，question常和疑问连系，多和ask,answer连用
25.man,aman
man人类，aman一个男人Manwillconquernature.
26.chick,chicken
二者均可指小鸡，chicken还可以当鸡肉Thechickenisdelicious.
27.telegram,telegraph
当电报解时，telegram指具体的，telegraph指抽象的atelegram,bytelegraph
28.trip,journey,travel,voyage
travel是最常用的，trip指短期的旅途，journey指稍长的旅途，voyage指海上航行athree-daytrip
29.sport,game
sport多指户外的游戏或娱乐活动，如打球，游泳，打猎，赛马等；game指决定胜负的游戏，通常有一套规则Hisfavoritesportisswimming.
30.price,prize
price价格，prize奖，奖品，奖金winthefirstprizeThepriceishigh/low.
31.anumberof,thenumberof
anumberof许多，谓语动词用复数。
thenumberof…的数目，谓语动词用单数。
Thenumberofstudentsisincreasing.
32.infrontof,inthefrontof
infrontof范围外的前面，inthefrontof范围内的前面Inthefrontoftheroomsitsaboy.
33.oftheday,ofaday
oftheday每一天的，当时的，当代的，ofaday暂时的，不长久的afamousscientistoftheday
34.threeofus,thethreeofus
threeofus我们（不止三个）中的三个，thethreeofus我们三个（就三个人）Thethreeofus---Tom,JackandIwenttothecinema.
35.bybus,onthebus
bybus表手段，方式，不用冠词，onthebus表范围Theywenttherebybus.
36.foramoment,forthemoment
foramoment片刻，一会儿，forthemoment暂时，一时Thinkingforamoment,heagreed.
37.nextyear,thenextyear
nextyear将来时间状语，thenextyear过去将来时间状语
Hesaidhewouldgoabroadthenextyear.
38.morethanayear,morethanoneyear
morethanayear一年多，morethanoneyear超过一年（两年或三年等）
39.takeadvice,takethe（one's）advice
takeadvice征求意见，taketheadvice接受忠告Herefusedtotaketheadviceandfailedagain.
40.takeair,taketheair
takeair传播，走漏，taketheair到户外去，散步Wetaketheaireveryday.
41.inaword,inwords
inaword总之，一句话，inwords口头上Inaword,youareright.
42.inplaceof,intheplaceof
inplaceof代替，intheplaceof在…地方Anewbuildingisbuiltintheplaceoftheoldone.
43.insecret,inthesecret
insecret秘密地，暗自地，偷偷地，一般用作状语；inthesecret知道内情，知道秘密，
一般用作表语Mymotherwasinthesecretfromthebeginning.
44.agirl,onegirl
agirl可泛指所有女孩,onegirl一个女孩Canonegirlcarrysuchabigbox?
45.takeachair,takethechair
takeachair相当于sitdown坐下，takethechair开始开会
46.gotosea,bysea,bythesea
gotosea当海员，出航，bysea乘船，由海路，bythesea在海边gobysea
47.thedoctorandteacher,thedoctorandtheteacher
thedoctorandteacher指一个人，既是医生又是老师，thedoctorandtheteacher两个人，一个医生和一个老师thedoctorandteacheris
48.inoffice,intheoffice
inoffice在职的，intheoffice在办公室
里Heisinoffice,notoutofoffice.
49.inbed,onthebed
inbed卧在床上，onthebed在床上Thebookisonthebed.Heisillinbed.
50.inchargeof,inthechargeof
inchargeof管理，负责照料，inthechargeof由……照料Heisinchargeofthematter.Thematterisinthechargeofher.
51.inclass,intheclass
inclass在课上，intheclass在班级里Heisthebeststudentintheclass.
52.onfire,onthefire
onfire着火,onthefire在火上Putthefoodonthefire.Thehouseisonfire.
53.outofquestion,outofthequestion
outofquestion毫无疑问的，outofthequestion不可能的
54.asecond,thesecond
asecond又一，再一，thesecond第……Hewonthesecondprize.
55.byday,bytheday
byday白天，bytheday按天计算Theworkersarepaidbytheday.
56.thepeople,apeople
thepeople指人，apeople指民族TheChineseisapeace-lovingpeople.
57.it,one
it同一物体，one同类不同一Ilostmypen.Ihavetobuyanewone.
58.that,this
that指代上文所提到的，this导出下文所要说的Iwasill.That'swhy…
59.none,nothing,noone
none强调有多少，nothing,noone强调有没有，nothing指物，noone指人
---Howmany…/Howmuch…?
---None.
60.anyone,anyone
anyone指人，不能接of，anyone指人物均可，可接ofanyoneofyou
61.who,what
who指姓名或关系，what指职业或地位Whatisyourdad?
Heisateacher.
62.what,which
what的选择基础是无限制的，which在一定范围内进行选择
Whichdoyouprefer,bananasorapples?
63.other,another
other后接名词复数，another后接名词单数otherstudents,anotherstudent
64.notalittle,notabit
notalittle非常，notabit一点也不I'mnotabittired.我一点儿也不累。
65.many,much,alotof
many和可数名词连用，much和不可数名词连用，alotof可数，不可数均可，但不用于否定句Ihaven'tmanybooks.
66.muchmore…than,manymore…than
muchmore…than后接形容词或不可数名词，manymore…than后接可数名词manymorepeople,muchmorewater,muchmorebeautiful
67.no,not
no=nota/anynofriend=nota/anyfriendnowater=notanywater
68.nomorethan,notmorethan
nomorethan相当于only，仅仅，只有，notmorethan至多，不超过
69.majority,most
majority只能修饰可数名词，most可数不可数均可themajorityofpeople
70.byoneself,foroneself,tooneself,ofoneself
byoneself单独的，独自的，foroneself为自己，tooneself供自己用的，ofoneself自行的，
自动的Thedooropenedofitself.
71.atall,afterall
atall根本，全然,afterall到底，毕竟Afterallheisachild.
72.tall,high
tall常指人或动物，high常指物体Heistall.
73.fast,quickly
fast侧重于指人或物体具有运动速度快的特点，quickly侧重指某事完成或发生的快runfast,answerthequestionquickly
74.high,highly
high具体的高，highly抽象的高，高度的thinkhighlyof
75.healthy,healthful
healthy健康的，健壮的，healthful有益于健康的healthfulexercise
76.sleeping,asleep,sleepy
sleeping正在睡觉，asleep睡着，熟睡，只能做表语，sleepy困的，有睡意的
asleepingbabyThebabyisasleep.I'msleepy.
77.gold,golden
gold指真金制品，golden指金色的，但金鱼用goldfishagoldring
78.most,mostly
most用于表感受的肯定句中，相当于very，当大部分，大多数解时是形容词或名词，
mostly大部分,是副词mostpeople,thepeoplearemostly…
79.just,very
just表强调时是副词，作状语，very表强调时是形容词，用作定语theveryman,justtheman
80.wide,broad
wide侧重于一边到另一边的距离，broad侧重于幅面的宽广broadshoulders
81.real,true
real真的，真实的，指的是事实上存在而不是想象的，true真的，真正的，指的是事实和实际情况相符合realgold,atruestory
82.respectful,respectable
respectful尊敬，有礼貌，respectable可敬的，值得尊敬的berespectfultotheaged
83.outwards,outward
二者均可用作副词，表示向外，外面，outward还可用作形容词anoutwardvoyage
84.pleasant,pleased,pleasing
pleasant常用作定语，pleased,pleasing常用作表语，pleased主语常为人，
pleasing主语常为物apleasanttripThetripispleasing.
85.understanding,understandable
understanding明白事理的，能体谅的，understandable可理解的，能够懂的
anunderstandinggirl,anunderstandablemistake
86.close,closely
close接近，靠近，closely紧紧地，紧密地closelyconnected,standclose
87.ill,sick
ill做表语，sick定，表均可asickboy
88.good,well
good形容词，well副词，但指身体状况是形容词Heiswellagain.
89.quiet,silent,still
quiet安静的，可以发出小的声音，silent不发出声音，但可以动，still完全不动，完全无声响Hestandtherestill.他站在那儿，一动不动，也不说话。
90.hard,hardly
hard努力，hardly几乎不workhardIcanhardlybelieveit.
91.able,capable
able与不定式todo连用，capable与of连用Heiscapableofdoing…
92.almost,nearly
二者均为"几乎,差不多"和否定词连用用almostalmostnobody
93.late,lately
late迟，晚，lately最近，近来Ihaven'tseenhimlately.
94.living,alive,live,lively
living,alive,live均为活着的，living定表均可，alive定表均可，定语后置，live只能做定语，lively意为活波的allthelivingpeople=allthepeoplealive
95.excited,exciting
excited使人兴奋的，exciting令人兴奋的I'mexcited.Thenewsisexciting.
96.deep,deeply
deep具体的深，deeply抽象的深，深深地deeplymoved,digdeep
97.aloud,loud
aloud出声地，loud大声地readaloud（出声地读）
98.worth,worthy
二者均为值得，worth后接doing，worthy后接tobedone,ofbeingdone
Itisworthvisiting.=It'sworthytobevisited.=It'sworthyofbeingvisited.
99.bad,badly
bad形容词，badly副词，不好，但与need,want,require连用为"很，非常"gobad
Ineedthebookbadly.
100.beforelong,longbefore
beforelong不久以后，longbefore很久以前notlongbefore=beforelong
101.quite,rather
quite完全地，相当于completely,
rather修饰比较级quiteimpossible
102.happy,glad
happy高兴，幸福，定表均可，glad高兴，只能做表语ahappygirl
103.instead,insteadof
instead是副词，放在句首或句末，insteadof是介词短语，放在句中
Hedidn'tseeaf
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