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英语语法II教案
授课时间
2012年2月15﹑6日第2周星期3﹑4第6,7，1﹑2节
授课章节
ChapterTen:
Non-predicateVerbI,Overview,theInfinite
教学目的与要求
1.graspthethreekindsofnon-predicateverb
2.grasptheuseoftheinfinite
教学重点
与难点
Thethreekindsofnon-predicateverb
Theusageofinfinite
教学方法与教学手段
lecture,practiceanddiscussion
PC,Games
教学安排
Thefirstperiod:
introductionofthethreekindsofnon-predicateverb
Thesecondperiod:
analysissomedifficultiesinlearningofnon-predicateverb.
Letthestudentspractice
作业
Dosomerelevantexercises.
Usetheresourceson-line
参考文献
EnglishGrammar,byNationalDefenseIndustryPress;
EnglishGrammaronline
课后
小结
Practicemakesperfect.GrammarTeachingshouldtakeadvantageofexercise.Letthestudentsraisesomequestionsenconteredattheirstudyanddiscussthemduringtheclass.
Introduction：
Thenon-finiteverbsaresocalledbecausetheyarenotmarkedfortenseorforsubject-verbconcord.
threetypesofnon-finiteverbs:
1．I’dliketoplaytennis.2.You’dbettercomeatonce.
3.Sheenjoysinvitingfriendstoparties.4.Imustgetmysuitcleaned.
I.Infinitive
1.aspectsandvoicesofinfinitive
1）aspects
A.Heseemstoknowthis.B.Heseemstobeeatingsomething.
C.I'msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.D.Sheisknowntohavebeenwreakingontheproblemformanyyears
So,asforaspects,theinfinitiveconcludes:
todo,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendoing
2）voices
Heissaidtostayabroad.
Heissuretohavebeentaughtbyagoodmusician.
Asforvoice,infinitiveconsistsof:
activevoiceandpassivevoice.
2.Categoryofinfinitive
1）bareinfinitive
a.Aux+verbb.ratherthan/soonerthanc.idiomaticverbconstructions
d.Make,let,andhave+verbe.perceptionverbs+verbf.help+verb
g.except/buth.whyorwhynot
2）To-infinitive
a.servingassubjectToseeistobelieve.TolearnEnglishwellisimportant
1.Johnwasverypleasedtobegiventhejob.2.Shewasluckytogetthefirstbook.
3.Theywerethoughtfultocomehomeearly.4.Heisfoolishtomeetheragain.
5.ItwasverypleasedforJohntobegiventhejob.6.Itisfoolishofhimtomeetheragain.
3.It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.
1）forsb.常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy,hard,difficult, interesting,impossible等：
It'sveryhardforhimtostudytwolanguages.
2）ofsb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。
It'sveryniceofyoutohelpme.
b.servingasthesubject/object-complement
AIDSissaidtohavebeenthenumber-onekilledofbothmenandwomenoverthepastfewyearsinthatregion.
Shewassupposedtoowntherighttoexplaintheaffairs.
Ifounditimportanttolearn.
Besaid/reported/thought/believed/known/supposedtodosth
C.servingasobject
1）verb+infinitive
Ihappentoknowtheanswertoyourquestion.
Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.
2）verb+object+infinitive
Ibelievehimtobehonest.Shedoesn’tallowherhusbandtosmokeinthehouse.
Iprefermyroommatenottomakeanynoiseatnight.
3）verb+questionword+to
Pleaseshowushowtodothat.Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.
decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,tell,ect.
e.servingasattributives
1）N+ordinal（thefirst,thesecond,etc.）,generalordinal（thelast,thenext）,anadjectiveinthesuperlativedegree（thebest,themost）ortheonly
ColumbuswasbelievedtobethefirstpersontosetfoodontheAmericancontinent.
2）n+infinitive
Tendency,decision,chance,intention,opportunity,reason,time,etc.
3）something,nothing,little,much,alot,etc.+infinitive
Thoughwehavemadegreatprogress,thereisstillmuchtobeimproved.
F.servingasadverbials
不定式常常表示目的
Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan．
动词不定式作状语时，除了表示目的以外，还表示结果或原因
Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim．
Theboyisnottallenoughtoreachthebookshelf．
Wearegladtohearthenews．
Not/nevertoo…to,too…notto,but/onlytoo…to,tooready/eager/apt/inclinedto
Iamonlytoopleasedtohearfromyoufurther.
能再听到你的消息，我太高兴了。
It'snevertoolatetomend.
I'monlytoopleasedtobeabletohelpyou.
Hewasbuttooeagertogethome。
II.-INGparticiple
1.Aspectsandvoices
Standingonthetopofthemountain,shecangetthewholecityinsight.
Havingcompletedonetask,westartedonanotherone
Aspects:
-ing,havingdone
Hewasn’taskedtotakeonthechairmanshipofthesociety,beingconsideredinsufficientlypopularwithallmembers.
Activeandpassivevoices
2.verbsthatcanbefollowedbythe–ingparticipleinclude:
Headmittedmakingthemistake.Shedreadsgettingold.Fancymeetingyouhere.
III.Thedistinctionbetween–ingparticiple&-edparticiple
1）Herushedintotheburninghouse.2）Thebottleisboiling.3）Thestoryisboring.
下列不及物动词也以过去分词形式做定语或表语，但不具有被动意义：
departed,elapsed,faded,fallen,gone,frown-up,retired,returned,risen,set,vanished,much-traveled,newly-arrived,recently-comearetiredworker/anewly-arrivedstudent
arisensun/avanishedtreasure
授课时间
2012年2月22﹑23日第3周星期3﹑4第6,7，1﹑2节
授课章节
ChapterTen:
Non-predicateVerbI,theParticiple,theGerund
教学目的与要求
1.studentsshouldbeabletousetheGerund
2.studentsshouldbeabletodiffertheaspectsandvoices
教学重点
与难点
TheusageofGerund
Thecorrectuseoftheaspectsandvoices
教学方法与教学手段
practicewithanalysisanddiscussion
pc,games
教学安排
Thefirstperiod:
overviewoftheGerund
Thesecondperiod:
practiceanddiscussion
作业
Finishtheafter-classexercises
Studyonline
参考文献
EnglishGrammar,byNationalDefenseIndustryPress;
EnglishGrammaronline
课后
小结
OnlybypracticecantheSsreallymasterthenewwordsandexpression.
GivetheSsmorechancesofpractice.
1.动名词的形式
主动
被动
一般
doing
beingdone
完成
havingdone
havingbeendone
1.1时态的意义与否定形式
动名词的一般式表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生，或在其后发生，或表示一般情况。
Iapprovedofhertakingpartinthemeeting.（同时或以后）Learningisimportanttolife.（一般情况）
动名词完成式表示的动作在谓语动词之前发生。
Sheisproudofhavingwonthefirstprice.（之前）
动名词的否定直接在其前加否定词。
IregretnothavingtakenJoe’sadvice.
Helensaidthatshewouldn’tmindtheirnotwaitingforher
1.2动名词的主动语态和被动语态
动名词主动语态表示逻辑主语发出动作;被动语态表示逻辑主语承受动作。
Hersonwinningagoldmetalsurprisedher.Hedoesn’tlikebeingflattered.Thisproblemisfarfrombeingsettled.
动名词通过代词的宾格或所有格形式给出逻辑主语。
Iwouldappreciateyoucallingbackthismorning.
动名词在以下动词后，常以主动形式表示被动:
need,want,deserve,repay,require,bear,take（需要）ect.
Thatneedsexplaining.=Thatneedstobeexplained.
Thenovelrepaysreadingandre-reading.=Thenovelrepaystobereadandre-read.
1.3Worthworthyworthwhile三词的用法
1.3.1Worth:
只能作表语的形容词，意思为“值……的”、“相当于……的价值的”、“有……价值的”、“值得……的”。
A.beworth+n. 当名词为金钱时，表示“…值…”
B.beworthdoingsth. “….某事值得被做”.
1.3.2Worthy:
可作表语，也可作定语。
作定语时意思为“有价值的”、“值得尊敬的”、“应受到赏识的”；用作表语时意思为“值得……的”、“应得到……的”.
A.beworthyof+n/doingsth.当名词为抽象名词时，表示“…值得…”
B.beworthytobedone“某事值得被做”
1.3.3Worthwhile:
与worthy一样，既可作表语，又可作定语。
表示某事因重要、有趣或受益大而值得花时间、金钱或努力去做，一般做“值得的”、“值得做的”、“有意义的”解。
用作表语时，可接动名词或动词不定式。
A.beworthwhiletodo/doingsth.“值得做某事”
2.动名词的作用：
2.1作主语Readingaloudisveryhelpful.
当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。
It’snousequarreling.
2.2作表语Intheantcity,thequeen’sjobislayingeggs.
2.3作宾语
Wehavetopreventtheairfrombeingpolluted.
动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾补，则常用形式宾语it.
Wefounditnogoodmakingfunoftheothers.
2.4作定语
Hecan’twalkwithoutawalking-stick.
Isthereaswimmingpoolinyourschool?
动名词作名词后置定语：
不同的名词，对这两种后置定语的选择是有区别的，有的只能用todo,有的只可用ofdoing,有的两种都可以。
2.4.1hope,risk,possibility,impossibility,probability,prospect,responsibility,等，一般只能用ofdoing作后置定语。
Infact,thereisnohopeoftheirwinningthegame.
Hewillruntheriskoflosinghislifetosavethechild.
2.4.2will,willingness,suggestion,conclusion,decision,permission,agreement,refusal,determination,proposal,resolution等，一般用不定式作后置定语。
Maryhasthewilltowinthefirstprize.Hehasdrawnaconclusiontogoabroadwithhisfamily.
2.4.3way,chance,need,necessity,right,freedom,power,opportunity等，既可用不定式短语，又可用ofdoing短语作后置定语。
Herchancetogo（ofgoing）abroadwaslost.Hehastherighttodo（ofdoing）that.
2.5作同位语
Thecave,hishiding-placeissecret.
Hishabit,listeningtothenewsontheradioremainsunchanged.
3.动词＋doing结构的常见动词
口诀：
放弃享受可后悔，坚持练习必完成，延期避免非介意，
考虑要求不自禁，建议冒险去献身，错过否认不喜欢。
giveup/enjoy/repent,keep（on）/insiston/practice/finish，lay（postpone）/avoid（escape）/mind
consider/can’thelp, suggest/riskmiss/deny/dislike
其它动词：
Admit/acknowledge/Resent/stand/pardon/imagine/favor/forbid/excuse/appreciate/complete/confess等。
4.动名词的复合结构：
动名词复合结构由物主代词或名词的所有格＋动名词构成，在句中可作主语、宾语、表语等成分。
4.1作主语：
名词所有格/普通所有格（口语）＋动名词的复合结构
Theboy’s/Theboybeingeducatedinanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhathisparentswishedfor.“therebe”动名词复合结构Thereisnojokingaboutsuchmatters.
4.2作宾语：
形容词性物主代词/宾格代词＋动名词的复合结构
Iwouldappreciateyour/you（口语）keepingitasecret.
Sheisashamedofherson’s/herson（普通所有格/口语）beingaprisoner.
“therebeing+动名词复合结构”作介词of的宾语，表示存在。
Helenneverdreamsoftherebeingachanceforhertobesentabroadverysoon.
4.3作表语Whattroubleduswasournothavingenoughtime.
5.只能接动名词或名词的to短语
Accustom（oneself）to（习惯）admitto（承认，供认）aid（n.）to（辅助）amountto（总计，等于）
applyto（致力于）attribute...to（归因于）beaccustomedto（习惯于）becommittedto（使负有责任）
bedevotedto（致力于）befaithfulto（忠于…）Sth.befamiliarto（为…所知）Sb.befamiliarwith（对…熟悉）
beopposedto（反对）bereducedto（落到，使变小）beresignedto（听任）
6.其它接动名词的动词短语
prevent…from（阻止）aswellas（除…也）burstout（爆发）giv
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