788 PARTICULATE MATTER IN INJECTIONS ok.docx
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788PARTICULATEMATTERININJECTIONSok
788
PARTICULATEMATTERININJECTIONS注射剂中的微粒
Changetoread:
ThisgeneralchapterisharmonizedwiththecorrespondingtextsoftheEuropeanPharmacopoeiaand/ortheJapanesePharmacopoeia.Thesepharmacopeiashaveundertakennottomakeanyunilateralchangetothisharmonizedchapter.PortionsofthepresentgeneralchaptertextthatarenationalUSPtext,andthereforenotpartoftheharmonizedtext,aremarkedwithsymbols(
)tospecifythisfact.
本通则已与欧洲药典和/或日本药典的对应章节进行了统一。
各国药典已承诺对于这个已统一的通则不会作出单方面的修改。
本通则为USP文本,因此其中会有一些没有统一的段落,文中以符号(
)进行了标示。
Particulatematterininjectionsandparenteralinfusionsconsistsofextraneousmobileundissolvedparticles,otherthangasbubbles,unintentionallypresentinthesolutions.
注射剂和注射用输液中的微粒是指非故意存在于溶液中的除气泡以外的可移动的不溶性粒子。
Forthedeterminationofparticulatematter,twoprocedures,Method1(LightObscurationParticleCountTest)andMethod2(MicroscopicParticleCountTest),arespecifiedhereinafter.Whenexamininginjectionsandparenteralinfusionsforsubvisibleparticles,Method1ispreferablyapplied.However,itmaybenecessarytotestsomepreparationsbytheLightObscurationParticleCountTestfollowedbytheMicroscopicParticleCountTesttoreachaconclusiononconformancetotherequirements.
下文中介绍了微粒检测的两种方法,方法1(光阻法)和方法2(显微计数法)。
对于注射剂和注射用输液中的亚可见微粒的检查,最好采用方法1。
但在检查某些制剂时也需要在方法1后,使用方法2对结果进行确认。
Notallparenteralpreparationscanbeexaminedforsubvisibleparticlesbyoneorbothofthesemethods.WhenMethod1isnotapplicable,e.g.,inthecaseofpreparationshavingreducedclarityorincreasedviscosity,thetestshouldbecarriedoutaccordingtoMethod2.Emulsions,colloids,andliposomalpreparationsareexamples.Similarly,productsthatproduceairorgasbubbleswhendrawnintothesensormayalsorequiremicroscopicparticlecounttesting.Iftheviscosityofthepreparationtobetestedissufficientlyhighsoastoprecludeitsexaminationbyeithertestmethod,aquantitativedilutionwithanappropriatediluentmaybemadetodecreaseviscosity,asnecessary,toallowtheanalysistobeperformed.
并非所有的注射用制剂都能够通过两者或是其中之一进行检查。
当制剂不够澄清或是粘度过高时,比如乳状液、胶体和脂质体,应当采用方法2进行检查;同样,对于进入传感器时容易产生气泡的制剂也需要采用方法2进行检查。
若制剂的粘度过高而导致两种方法都不可用,可用适宜的溶剂经过适当稀释后测定。
Theresultsobtainedinexaminingadiscreteunitorgroupofunitsforparticulatemattercannotbeextrapolatedwithcertaintytootherunitsthatremainuntested.Thus,statisticallysoundsamplingplansmustbedevelopedifvalidinferencesaretobedrawnfromobserveddatatocharacterizethelevelofparticulatematterinalargegroupofunits.
不能以检测单个制剂或一组制剂所获得的微粒数据来准确推断未进行检测的其他制剂中的微粒水平。
要想用检测到的数据来表征大批量制剂的微粒水平,只能通过统计抽样计划来实现。
METHOD1LIGHTOBSCURATIONPARTICLECOUNTTEST
方法1光阻法
Useasuitableapparatusbasedontheprincipleoflightblockagethatallowsforanautomaticdeterminationofthesizeofparticlesandthenumberofparticlesaccordingtosize.Thedefinitionforparticle-freewaterisprovidedinReagentSpecificationsunderReagents,Indicators,andSolutions.
采用的仪器必须符合光阻法的原理和要求,能够自动对粒径和不同粒径的粒子数目进行检测。
本法所用微粒检查用水(无微粒水)可参见溶剂、指示剂和溶液下的溶剂说明项。
Theapparatusiscalibratedusingdispersionsofsphericalparticlesofknownsizesbetween10µmand25µm.Thesestandardparticlesaredispersedinparticle-freewater.Caremustbetakentoavoidaggregationofparticlesduringdispersion.
SystemsuitabilitycanbeverifiedbyusingtheUSPParticleCountRS.
仪器须用已知粒径在10µm~25µm的球形粒子进行校正。
标准粒子用无微粒水进行分散,分散时应注意防止粒子的聚集。
可以使用USP粒子计数RS进行系统适用性验证。
GeneralPrecautions注意事项
Thetestiscarriedoutunderconditionslimitingparticulatematter,preferablyinalaminarflowcabinet.
测定过程中必须防止引入微粒,最好在层流室进行。
Verycarefullywashtheglasswareandfiltrationequipmentused,exceptforthemembranefilters,withawarmdetergentsolution,andrinsewithabundantamountsofwatertoremovealltracesofdetergent.Immediatelybeforeuse,rinsetheequipmentfromtoptobottom,outsideandtheninside,withparticle-freewater.
用温热的洗涤液仔细清洗玻璃器皿和过滤装置(膜过滤器除外),然后用大量的水冲洗掉洗涤剂。
使用前,用无微粒水对装置从上到下,从外到里进行冲洗。
Takecarenottointroduceairbubblesintothepreparationtobeexamined,especiallywhenfractionsofthepreparationarebeingtransferredtothecontainerinwhichthedeterminationistobecarriedout.
注意不要使气泡混入样品中,特别是在将样品转移至测定装置的过程中。
Inordertocheckthattheenvironmentissuitableforthetest,thattheglasswareisproperlycleaned,andthatthewatertobeusedisparticle-free,thefollowingtestiscarriedout:
determinetheparticulatematterin5samplesofparticle-freewater,eachof5mL,accordingtothemethoddescribedbelow.Ifthenumberofparticlesof10µmorgreatersizeexceeds25forthecombined25mL,theprecautionstakenforthetestarenotsufficient.Thepreparatorystepsmustberepeateduntiltheenvironment,glassware,andwateraresuitableforthetest.
为了检查环境是否适于检测,玻璃器皿是否洗涤干净,检查用水是否是无微粒水,应进行以下检测:
取