高中英语Unit6EnjoyingaStoryPeriodThreeGrammar.docx

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高中英语Unit6EnjoyingaStoryPeriodThreeGrammar.docx

高中英语Unit6EnjoyingaStoryPeriodThreeGrammar

PeriodThree Grammar&Writing

语法精析

一、同位语从句

1.同位语从句的引导词及其应用

(1)that引导同位语从句:

that没有词义,只起连接作用,在从句中不作句子成分,不能省略。

Thenewsthatourteamhaswonthegameistrue.

我们队赢得比赛的消息是真实的。

(2)whether引导同位语从句:

whether意为“是否”,在从句中不作句子成分。

Ihaven’tmadethedecisionwhetherIwillgothere.

我还没有作出决定是否去那里。

(3)连接代词引导同位语从句:

该同位语从句含有“疑问”的意味,常用的连接代词有what,who,whom,whose,which等,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkrequiresconsideration.

该谁做这项工作这一问题需要考虑。

(4)连接副词引导同位语从句:

该同位语从句含有“疑问”的意味,常用的连接副词有when,where,how,why等,在从句中作状语。

Ihavenoideawhereshehasgone.

我不知道她去了哪儿。

2.同位语从句注意事项

(1)同位语从句在句子中的位置一般紧跟在名词之后,但也可以被主句的其他成分隔开,称为分隔式同位语从句。

HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.

他从玛丽那里得到消息,运动会被推迟了。

(2)名词suggestion,advice,order,demand,command,request,desire,proposal等后的同位语从句要使用虚拟语气,即从句谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。

Thedoctor’sorderthatshe(should)stayinbedforafewdayswasreasonable.

医生让她在床上待几天的命令是合理的。

(3)名词doubt后的同位语从句用whether引导;nodoubt后的同位语从句用that引导。

Thereisnodoubtthatwecansuccessfullyfinishtheworkontime.

毫无疑问我们能成功地按时完成这项工作。

3.同位语从句和定语从句的区别

(1)定语从句中的that是关系代词,可以指人也可以指物,可以在从句中作主语、宾语或表语,that不作主语时可以省略;而同位语从句中的that是个连词,只起连接作用,不充当从句中的任何成分,但不可以省略。

Hetoldmethenewsthat/whichwasveryexciting.

他告诉了我那个激动人心的消息。

(定语从句)

Weareinterestedinthenewsthatsomeforeignerswouldvisitourschool.

我们对一些外国人将要来我们学校参观这个消息感兴趣。

(同位语从句)

(2)定语从句是形容词性的,其功能是修饰先行词,对先行词加以限定,并描述先行词的性质或者特征,并没有说出先行词的具体内容;而同位语从句是名词性的,其功能是对名词的内容进行具体的说明。

Thenews(that)hetoldmeisthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear.

他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年要出国。

(thathetoldme作thenews的定语,并未涉及thenews的具体内容)

ThenewsthatTomwouldgoabroadnextyearistoldbyhim.

汤姆明年要出国的消息是他说的。

(thatTomwouldgoabroadnextyear作thenews的同位语,并说出了thenews的具体内容)

(3)在“先行词+when/where等+从句”中,若先行词与when,where等连词概念一致,则属于定语,概念不一致则属于同位语从句。

Theorderwhenweshouldreturnhasn’treachedus.

我们应该什么时候返回的命令还未到。

(同位语从句)

ThedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfoundedwillneverbeforgotten.

中华人民共和国成立的那天永远不会被忘记。

(定语从句)

[即时跟踪1]

完成句子

1.Thisisouronlyrequestthattheproblemshouldbesettledassoonaspossible(这个问题应该尽快解决).

2.Peoplehavenoideawhathappenedontheplane(飞机上发生了什么事情)duringthecrash.

3.Thefactthathewonthematch(他赢得比赛)isamazing.

二、表语从句

1.表语从句的引导词及其应用

表语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词基本相同,但是if不能引导表语从句。

(1)that,whether引导表语从句,在从句中不作句子成分,不能省略。

Thefactisthatwehavelostthematch.

事实是我们输了比赛。

(2)连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which等引导表语从句,在从句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。

That’swhatIwanttosay.

那就是我想要说的。

(3)连接副词when,where,how,why等引导表语从句,在从句中作状语。

Thisiswhereourproblemlies.

这就是我们的问题所在。

2.表语从句注意事项

(1)有时as,asif,asthough,because也可以引导表语从句。

(2)如果主语是suggestion,advice,order,demand等表示“建议、命令、要求”的名词时,表语从句要用虚拟语气,即从句的谓语动词用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。

Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)startatonce.

我的建议是我们应该立刻动身。

(3)This/That/Itisbecause...表示“这/那是因为……”,this/that/it为指示代词,指上文出现的某种事情;That’swhy...表示“那是……的原因”;Thereasonwhy...isthat...表示“……的原因是……”,why引导的定语从句修饰先行词reason,that引导表语从句。

Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthatitwasrainingheavily.他来晚是因为天在下大雨。

[即时跟踪2]

Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空

1.ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.

2.Whynottryyourluckinthecity,Bob?

That’swherethebestjobsare.

3.ThisiswhereLuxunoncelived.

4.—IdrovetoQingdaoforthenavyparade.

—Isthatwhyyouhadafewdaysoff?

5.Ihavenoideawhatwecandowiththesewastematerials.

6.Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.

7.That’swhyIleftsoquickly.

8.Wordcamethatsomeonewaswaitingformeattheoffice.

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)

1.Ihaveamessagefromhimhowhewon’tbeabletoseeyouthisafternoon.how→that

2.Youmustanswerthequestionifyouagreewithwhathesaidornot.if→whether

3.Oneofusheldtheopinionwhenwhatthebooksaidwasright.when→that

4.ThereasonthatIfellasleepsoquicklyisthatIwastired.第一个that→why

5.Myadviceisthathecannottelllies.can→should

高考链接

Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空

1.Themostpleasantthingoftherainyseasonisthatonecanbeentirelyfreefromdust.(2016·北京)

2.Themanagerputforwardasuggestionthatweshouldhaveanassistant.Thereistoomuchworktodo.(2016·天津)

3.Ashipinharborissafe,butthat’snotwhatshipsarebuiltfor.(2015·安徽)

4.—IsittruethatMikerefusedanofferfromYaleUniversityyesterday?

—Yeah,butIhavenoideawhyhedidit;that’soneofhisfavoriteuniversities.(2014·重庆)

5.Grandmapointedtothehospitalandsaid,“That’swhereIwasborn.”(2014·四川)

6.Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwaswhenhescoredthewinninggoal.(2014·北京)

7.AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeiswhathappenstoyouwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.(2014·湖南)

Ⅱ.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误)

1.“Hehasruinedhishealth.Weareworriedabouthim.”Thatiswhichotherteacherssay.which→what

(2013·辽宁,短文改错)

2.AthomemyfatheroftenthinksI’msilly.HesaysifIdecidetodosomething,ittakeshimmuchtimetostopme.ThisishowIneedtoimproveinthefuture.how→what

(2013·大纲全国,短文改错)

常用句式

1.Ihadapleasantoutingwith...today.

2.Earlyinthemorning,wesetofffor...

3.Wewerecompletelyamazedat...

4.Themomentwegotto...,we...

5.Whenlunchtimecame,we...

6.Timepassedquicklybeforeweknewit.

7.Whatawonderful...wehad!

8.Weenjoyedourselvesverymuch.

典题示例

请根据下列故事梗概,以“AnInterestingStory”为题目写一篇故事。

故事梗概:

一次,我和朋友们坐火车回家乡,遇到一个年轻人乘坐火车,他弄得周围的乘客不得安宁。

后来他带着两个大包在一个车站下车,没有人去帮助他。

他离开火车很远后,一个乘客开窗叫他,告诉他他把一些东西掉在车上了,然后关上了车窗。

那个年轻人赶忙提包返回,并隔窗问掉了什么东西。

这时,火车又开动了,叫他的那位乘客开窗告诉他说:

“一个非常坏的印象。

注意:

1.词数100左右;

2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。

[联想词汇]

1.乘火车takeatrain

2.引起许多麻烦causealotoftrouble

3.下车getoff

4.对某人大喊shoutatsb.

5.遗忘,忘了带leavebehind

[范文展示]

AnInterestingStory

OncemyfriendsandItookatraintogobacktoourhometown.Ayoungmanwastravellingonthetrain.Hecausedalotoftroubletothepassengersaroundhim.

Atlasthegotoffatatrainstationwithhistwoheavybags.Noonehelpedhim.Whenhewasquitefarawayfromthetrain,oneofthepassengersopenedthewindowandshoutedathim,“Youleftsomethingbehindinthetrain.”Thenheclosedthewindow.

Theyoungmanturnedbacktothetrainwithhistwoheavybagsverytired.“WhatdidIleavebehind?

”heshoutedthroughthewindow.

Asthetrainbegantomoveagain,thepassengerwhohadcalledhimbackopenedthewindowagainandsaid,“Averybadimpression.”

Badmannerssometimesmaygetyouintotrouble.

Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空

1.Youhavenoideahowworriedwewere!

2.Thetroubleisthatwedon’tknowhistelephonenumber.

3.Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplacehim.

4.WeallknowthefactthatthefirstcountrytomakepaperisChina.

5.There’snopossibilitythathewillwinthegame.

6.Hewascaughtinthetraffic.Thatwaswhyhecamelate.

7.Thereasonwhyshewaslatewasthathermotherwasill.

8.Energyiswhatmakesthingswork.

9.TheteachergavemeasuggestionthatIshouldimprovemylisteningskills.

10.Ididn’tleave;itwasbecauseIwaitedformymother.

Ⅱ.完成句子

11.Thatiswhatweareworriedabout(我们所担心的).

12.ThequestioniswhethertheTVplayisworthwatching(这部电视剧是否值得看).

13.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback(他什么时候回来).

14.Thatiswhysheleftherhometown(她为什么离开家乡)inherteens.

15.Thefactthatthereisnolifeonthemoon(月球上没有生命)isknowntousall.

Ⅲ.阅读理解

A

(2017·吉林梅河口五中高二上月考)

YoucanneverbetoosurethesedaysintheUnitedStatesofyourneighborsorevenyourcustomers!

Trytokeepalowprofile(姿态)inyourneighborhood:

Don’tannouncetoeveryonethatyouarerunningahomebusinesswiththousandsofdollarsworthofequipment.Asmuchaspossible,donotinviteclients(客户)orvisitorstoyourhome.Infact,Iknowofsomehomebasedentrepreneurs(企业家)whowouldrathermeettheirclientsinaneutralground,e.g.theclient’sofficeorevenStarbucks.

Thereareotherwaystokeepburglarsawayfromyourhouse.

•Keeplightsonaroundyourhouseintheevenings.Lightisanaturalfrightforburglars.

•Investinasecurityalarm,particularlyifyourhouseislocatedataremotespot.Securitysystemscanoftenbringdownthecostofyourhomeowner’spremium(保险费).

•Makesurethatallwindowsanddoorsarelockedandthesecurityalarmturnedonbeforeyousleepatnightorgooutofthehouse.Avoidkeepinghousekeysinobviousplaces,suchasunderthelamporontopofthedoorframe.

•Addinganadditionallockwillprovideextrasecuritywhenyouarehome.Thedeadlock,sometimescalledan“exitonlydeadbolt”isadeadboltthatdoesnothaveanexternal(外部的)key.Itisclearlyvisibleonthedoorfromtheoutside,butcannotbebrokenintowithoutdestroyingthedoor,frameorlockitself.Whilethissecuritywon’thelpdirectlywhenyouaren’thome,thevisibilitymaydiscourageanintruderfromtryingthedoor.

•Yourdooritselfshouldbemadeofstrongmaterials,suchasoneinchthicksolidhardwoodorheavymetal.

16.Theadvicegivenbythewriterinthepassagefocuseson.

A.howtomakeyourhousesafefromburglars

B.whattodowhenyourhouseisbrokeninto

C.howtoimprovesocialsecurityintheUnitedStates

D.howtorunahomebusiness

答案 A

解析 推理判断题。

由第二段“Thereareotherwaystokeepburglarsawayfromyourhouse.”可知,作者所提的建议主要是针对如何防盗的。

17.Somehomebasedentrepreneursdonotinviteclientstotheirhome.

A.toenjoyconvenienceoutsidetheirhome

B.forthesafetyoftheirproperty

C.nottoletothersknowabouttheirbusiness

D.inordertoavoidbeingseenbyburglars

答案 B

解析 推理判断题。

根据第二段“Thereareotherwaystokeepburglarsawayfromyourhouse.”可知,第一段介绍的做法都是为了防盗的,故选B项。

18.Allthefollowingarepartofthewriter’sadviceexceptthatthehomeowner.

A.buyasecurityalarmandturnitonintheevening

B.fixanextralockonthedoorfrominside

C.havethedoorsmadeofsolidhardwoodorheavymetal

D.keeplightsoninallroomstothreatenburglars

答案 D

解析 细节理解题。

根据第一条建议“Keeplightsonaroundyourhouseintheevenings.”可知,让房子周围的灯亮着,而不是“keeplightsoninallrooms”(让房间所有的灯都亮着),表述有误。

故选D项。

19.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“intruder”mostprobablymeaninthepassage?

A.Someonewhoisinvitedforavisit.

B.Someonewhoillegallyentersthehome.

C.Someonewhopaysregularvisitstothehome.

D.Someonewhotriestodestroythelock.

答案 B

解析 词义猜测题。

根据该画线词所在段落的建议可知,加锁的目的是打消“入室盗窃者”的不轨念头。

故选B项。

B

Aretraditionalfairytalesgoodallthetime?

No.RecentresearchfoundoneinfiveparentshasabandonedthoseoldclassicssuchasSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarvesandRapunzelinfavorofmoremodernbooks.

OnethirdofparentssaidtheirchildrenhavebeenleftintearsafterhearingtheterribledetailsofLittleRedRidingHood.Similarly,GoldilocksandtheThreeBearswasalsoatalelikelytobeleftonthebookshelfasparentsfeltitrelatedtotakingsomeoneelse’sthingswithoutpermission.

Thesurveyof2,000adultswascarriedouttomarkthelaunchofthehitUSdramaGRIMM,whichstartstonightat9pmonWatch,andseessixseriesbasedontraditionalfairytales.Theresearchfoundaquarterofparentswouldn’tconsiderreadingafairytaletotheirchilduntiltheyhadreachedtheageoffive,astheyprompttoomanyawkwardquestions.And52percentoftheparentssaidCinderelladidn’tsendagoodmessagetotheirchildrenasitportraysayoungwomando

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