在WS上配置DFS.docx

在WS上配置DFS.docx

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在WS上配置DFS

ConfiguringDFSinWindowsServer2012

<<  Index | Next  >>

Contents:

Introduction

CreatingBareDFSRootStructure

CreatingaNewDFSNamespace

CreatingLinks

CreatingReplicaShares

TestingShareReplication

CreatingaReplicaDFSRoot

AdditionalNotes 

Introduction:

Consideralarge enterprisenetwork

 withseveralserversandnumerousshareddataspreadacrossthoseservers.Themoreserversthereareandthemoreshareseachhasmakesitmoretediousandfrustratingforuserstoreadilyandeasilylocatetheresourcestheyneed.Usersmayberequiredtorememberthenamesofnumeroussharesandexactlywhichserverashareison. 

Inthissituation,usersmayhavedifficultykeepingtrackofwhatshareddataiswhere（evenwiththehelpofmappeddrives）. 

Whatifthetaskofkeepingtrackofwhatshareswerewherewassimplifiedfortheuser.Thiswouldeaseuseraccesstoshares?

Inaddition,whatifsomeredundancywasbuiltintothesharedfolderssothatwehavemultiplecopiesofShare1spreadacrossseveralservers,andsimilarlymultiplecopiesofShare2andsoforth?

Then,ifoneserverfailsoronesharegetscorruptedwehaveabackupcopy,andifanycopysharecouldbeaccessedautomaticallyuponafailure,wehaveseamlesssupportforthesharestructure.AddtothisaRoundRobintypeaccesstotheduplicatedshares,andwealsohaveadistributedload. 

UserscannowaccessasinglehierarchycreatedbyDFS,whichcanalsoprovideshareduplicationandloaddistribution.Above,Share1,Share2,andShare3aredistributed.Share4–Share9arenotyetdistributed. 

DFSoffersthefollowingbenefits:

∙SharedfoldersonanetworkappearinonehierarchyoffolderscreatedbyaDFSRootwithlinks.Thissimplifiesuseraccess.

∙Faulttoleranceisanoptionbyreplicatingsharedfolders.UsestheMicrosoftFileReplicationService（FRS）.

∙Loadbalancingcanbeperformedbydistributingfolderaccessacrossseveralservers.

TherearetwoDFSmodelsasfollows:

∙Standalone

oNoActiveDirectoryimplementation

oCanimplementloadbalancing,butreplicationofsharesismanual

oDFSRootcannotbereplicated

oDFSaccessedby \\Server_Name.Domain_Name\DFS_Root_Name

∙Domain-based

oAvailableonlytomembersofadomain

oCanimplementfaulttolerancebyRootandLinkreplicationandloadbalancing,andreplicationoflinksandrootisautomatic

oDFSaccessedby \\Domain_Name\DFS_Root_Name

DFSTopology:

∙TheDFSroot（atableofcontents）

oMaincontainerthatholdslinkstosharedfolders

oFoldersfromalldomaincomputersappearasiftheyresideinonemainfolder

∙DFSlinks（pointerstoshares）

oDesignatedaccesspathbetweentheDFSrootandsharedfolders

∙Replicasets（targets（duplicatedshares））

oSetofsharedfoldersthatisreplicatedtooneormoreserversinadomain

CreatingBareDFSRootStructure:

TostarttheprocessofcreatingaDFShierarchicalstructureyoufirstneedtoinstallDFSandcreateaDFSNamespacewithaRoot.ThisneedstobeundertakenoneachserverthatistoparticipateintheDFSstructurei.e.eachserverthatwillhostsharedfoldersthatwillbereplicatedviaDFS. 

InWindows2012ServerDFSisinstalledviatheFileandiSCSIServicesrole. 

SelecttheDFSNamespacesandDFSReplicationFileServicestoinstallandclicknext. 

DFSNamespacesandDFSReplicationFileServicesarenowinstalled. 

CreatingaNewDFSNamespace:

Now,let'sstarttosteadilybuildandconfigureaDFSStructurebyfirstcreatinganewDFSnamespace（aDFSRoot）onthememberserverwheretheDFSrolehasjustbeeninstalled（amemberservercalledDFS1inthisscenario）.First,launchDFSManagementviatheServerManagerdashboard. 

CreateanewDFSnamespace（createaroot）. 

ConfirmthenameofthememberserverunitthatwillhosttheDFSrootnamespacebeingcreated. 

Next,givetheDFSnamespacearootname.Thenclickthe"EditSettings"button. 

Clickingthe"EditSettings"buttonallowsyoutoconfirm\changewherethisDFSRootwillbeplacedonthismemberserver,andsetpermissionsforthesharedfolder. 

ChooseaDomain-basedDFSnamespaceoraWorkgroup-basedDFSnamespace. 

ThenextscreenshowsasummaryofconfigurationforthenewDFSnamespacebeingcreated. 

Aftercompletingtheinstalltion,thenewnamespacewillappearinDFSManagementasshownbelow. 

YoucanalsonowbrowsetothenewDFSrootfolderasshownbelow. 

CreatingLinks:

WithabarebaseDFSstructureinplace,nowheadbacktoDFSManagementtoaddinsomepre-createdsharedfolderstoit.Thiswillprovideasinglepointofreferencetotheseshares（calledLinks）forusersontheLAN.IntheDFSconsole,rightclickontheDFSnamespacerootandselect"NewFolder"fromthedropdownmenutocreateaLinktoapre-createdshare. 

Next,enterthelinkdetails:

NametheLinkandenterapathtothepre-createdsharedfolderthislinkwillpointto. 

AddfurtherlinkstotheDFSstructuretoreferenceotherpre-createdsharedfolders. 

WithabasicDFSstructureinplaceandlinksadded,sharedfolderscanbereferencedfromausersclientsystem.UserscannowaccessthesharesviatheDFSstructures’links.Thesharesareoffereduptotheuserindependentlyofwhichserverthesharesareactuallyon.Theuserjustneedstoknowthe networkdomain

 nameandtheDFSnamespacerootname. 

AccessinaDomainbasedDFSisvia:

 \\Domain_Name\DFS_Root_Name.TheimagebelowshowsaccessviaaruncommandfromwithinaWindows8clientdomainmember. 

Linksthatprovideaccesstosharesshownodependencetoanyactualserverthesharesarestoredon. 

Note:

 TheLevelofaccessisstilldeterminedbyshareandNTFSpermissions. 

CreatingReplicaShares:

Withlinksinplaceforeachsharedfolder,wewouldnowcreateduplicatesofthesesharesasasourceofbackup,shouldanybecomecorrupted,ortheservertheyareonfails,orgoesofflineformaintenance.Byalsopointingeachlinktoanalternativeduplicated\replicashare,thatlinkcanreferencetheshareonmorethanonelocation（whichistransparenttotheuser）andthusprovidesfaulttoleranceshouldanyonesharesetfail. 

Further,iftheduplicated\replicatedsharescanbeaccessedinaroundrobinmanner,wherebyUser1accessesShare1onServer1andthenthenextuserUser2whoalsowantstoaccessShare1atthesametime,isautomaticallyredirectedtothereplicaofthisshareonServer4,thenthereisalsoloadbalancingaddedtofaulttolerance. 

ForsharesbelongingtothesameDFSlinktostaysynchronized,theserverswhereeachsharesetresidesmusthavetheDFSReplicationFileServiceinstalled（viaServerManager）andsetrunning. 

First,copythecurrentDFSsharesinplacetoanotherserver.RememberwhathappenstoshareandNTFSpermissionswhenyoucopyfolderstoanewNTFSvolume?

Here,4sharescopiedfromServer1toServer2. 

With2setsofthesameshareinplaceandonesetalreadyaddedintoDFS,addthesecondsetasanewtargetforeachappropriateDFSlink.Dothisbyrightclickingonthelinkandselect"AddFolderTarget"asshownbelow. 

BrowsetothewherethereplicasharefortheDFSlinkislocated（Server2inourscenario）. 

Next,youwillbeaskedifyouwishtoallowareplicationgrouptobecreatedbetweenthe2setsofidenticalshares.Select"Yes". 

Onthenextscreen,youcaneditthereplicationgroupnameandfoldername. 

Thewizardwillthenevaluateyourfoldertargetstoseeiftheyareelgibletoparticipate.Ifso,youwillreceiveaconfirmationasshownintheimagebelow. 

Next,selecttheprimarymemberserver.Thisistheserverthatcontainsthecontentthatistobereplicatedtothefoldertargets. 

Next,selectthereplicationtopology.ThereplicationtopologyconsistsofthelogicalconnectionsthatDFSReplicationusestoreplicatefilesamongservers.Whenyousetupareplicationgroup,youcanchoosefromthreetopologies:

∙Hubandspoke:

 Thistopologyrequiresthreeormoremembers;otherwisethisoptionisunavailable.Foreachspokemember,youcanchoosearequiredhubmemberandanoptionalsecondhubmemberforredundancy.Thisoptionalhubensuresthataspokemembercanstillreplicateifoneofthehubmembersisunavailable.Ifyouspecifytwohubmembers,thehubmemberswillhaveafull-meshtopologybetweenthem.

∙Fullmesh:

 Inthistopology,everymemberreplicateswithallothermembersofthereplicationgroup.Thistopologyworkswellwhentherearetenorfewermembersinthereplicationgroup.Itisrecommendedthatyounotselectfullmeshtopologyifyouhavemorethantenmembersinthereplicationgroup.

∙Notopology:

 ChoosethisoptionifyouwanttocreateconnectionsyourselfafteryoufinishtheNewReplicationGroupWizardortheReplicateFolderWizard.Noreplicationwilltakeplaceuntilyoucreatetheconnections.

Whenchoosingatopology,keepinmindthattwoone-wayconnectionsarecreatedbetweenthemembersyouchoose.Thesetwoconnectionsallowdatatoflowinbothdirections.Forexample,inahubandspoketopology,datawillflowfromthehubmemberstothespokemembersandfromthespokememberstothehubmembers.ThetopologycanbechangedlaterinDFSAdministration,ifnecessary. 

Next,youcanchoosetheamountofbandwidthyouwishtoallocatetoreplicationtraffic.Ifyoudonotwantreplicationtooccurduringpeaktimes,forexample,theotheroptionallowsyoutosetspecificdaysandtimeforreplicationtooccur. 

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