在WS上配置DFS.docx

1、在WS上配置DFSConfiguring DFS in Windows Server 2012Contents:IntroductionCreating Bare DFS Root StructureCreating a New DFS NamespaceCreating LinksCreating Replica SharesTesting Share ReplicationCreating a Replica DFS RootAdditional NotesIntroduction:Consider a largeenterprise networkwith several servers

2、 and numerous shared data spread across those servers. The more servers there are and the more shares each has makes it more tedious and frustrating for users to readily and easily locate the resources they need. Users may be required to remember the names of numerous shares and exactly which server

3、 a share is on.In this situation, users may have difficulty keeping track of what shared data is where (even with the help of mapped drives).What if the task of keeping track of what shares were where was simplified for the user. This would ease user access to shares? In addition, what if some redun

4、dancy was built into the shared folders so that we have multiple copies of Share1 spread across several servers, and similarly multiple copies of Share2 and so forth? Then, if one server fails or one share gets corrupted we have a backup copy, and if any copy share could be accessed automatically up

5、on a failure, we have seamless support for the share structure. Add to this a Round Robin type access to the duplicated shares, and we also have a distributed load.Users can now access a single hierarchy created by DFS, which can also provide share duplication and load distribution. Above, Share1, S

6、hare2, and Share3 are distributed. Share4 Share9 are not yet distributed.DFS offers the following benefits: Shared folders on a network appear in one hierarchy of folders created by a DFS Root with links. This simplifies user access. Fault tolerance is an option by replicating shared folders. Uses t

7、he Microsoft File Replication Service (FRS). Load balancing can be performed by distributing folder access across several servers.There are two DFS models as follows: Standaloneo No Active Directory implementationo Can implement load balancing, but replication of shares is manualo DFS Root cannot be

8、 replicatedo DFS accessed byServer_Name.Domain_NameDFS_Root_Name Domain-basedo Available only to members of a domaino Can implement fault tolerance by Root and Link replication and load balancing, and replication of links and root is automatico DFS accessed byDomain_NameDFS_Root_NameDFS Topology: Th

9、e DFS root (a table of contents)o Main container that holds links to shared folderso Folders from all domain computers appear as if they reside in one main folder DFS links (pointers to shares)o Designated access path between the DFS root and shared folders Replica sets (targets (duplicated shares)o

10、 Set of shared folders that is replicated to one or more servers in a domainCreating Bare DFS Root Structure:To start the process of creating a DFS hierarchical structure you first need to install DFS and create a DFS Namespace with a Root. This needs to be undertaken on each server that is to parti

11、cipate in the DFS structure i.e. each server that will host shared folders that will be replicated via DFS.In Windows 2012 Server DFS is installed via the File and iSCSI Services role.Select the DFS Namespaces and DFS Replication File Services to install and click next.DFS Namespaces and DFS Replica

12、tion File Services are now installed.Creating a New DFS Namespace:Now, lets start to steadily build and configure a DFS Structure by first creating a new DFS namespace (a DFS Root) on the member server where the DFS role has just been installed (a member server called DFS1 in this scenario). First,

13、launch DFS Management via the Server Manager dashboard.Create a new DFS namespace (create a root).Confirm the name of the member server unit that will host the DFS root namespace being created.Next, give the DFS namespace a root name. Then click the Edit Settings button.Clicking the Edit Settings bu

14、tton allows you to confirmchange where this DFS Root will be placed on this member server, and set permissions for the shared folder.Choose a Domain-based DFS namespace or a Workgroup-based DFS namespace.The next screen shows a summary of configuration for the new DFS namespace being created.After c

15、ompleting the installtion, the new namespace will appear in DFS Management as shown below.You can also now browse to the new DFS root folder as shown below.Creating Links:With a bare base DFS structure in place, now head back to DFS Management to add in some pre-created shared folders to it. This wi

16、ll provide a single point of reference to these shares (called Links) for users on the LAN. In the DFS console, right click on the DFS namespace root and select New Folder from the drop down menu to create a Link to a pre-created share.Next, enter the link details: Name the Link and enter a path to

17、the pre-created shared folder this link will point to.Add further links to the DFS structure to reference other pre-created shared folders.With a basic DFS structure in place and links added, shared folders can be referenced from a users client system. Users can now access the shares via the DFS str

18、uctures links. The shares are offered up to the user independently of which server the shares are actually on. The user just needs to know thenetwork domainname and the DFS namespace root name.Access in a Domain based DFS is via:Domain_NameDFS_Root_Name. The image below shows access via a run comman

19、d from within a Windows 8 client domain member.Links that provide access to shares show no dependence to any actual server the shares are stored on.Note:The Level of access is still determined by share and NTFS permissions.Creating Replica Shares:With links in place for each shared folder, we would

20、now create duplicates of these shares as a source of backup, should any become corrupted, or the server they are on fails, or goes offline for maintenance. By also pointing each link to an alternative duplicatedreplica share, that link can reference the share on more than one location (which is tran

21、sparent to the user) and thus provides fault tolerance should any one share set fail.Further, if the duplicatedreplicated shares can be accessed in a round robin manner, whereby User1 accesses Share1 on Server1 and then the next user User2 who also wants to access Share1 at the same time, is automat

22、ically redirected to the replica of this share on Server4, then there is also load balancing added to fault tolerance.For shares belonging to the same DFS link to stay synchronized, the servers where each share set resides must have the DFS Replication File Service installed (via Server Manager) and

23、 set running.First, copy the current DFS shares in place to another server. Remember what happens to share and NTFS permissions when you copy folders to a new NTFS volume? Here, 4 shares copied from Server1 to Server2.With 2 sets of the same share in place and one set already added in to DFS, add th

24、e second set as a new target for each appropriate DFS link. Do this by right clicking on the link and select Add Folder Target as shown below.Browse to the where the replica share for the DFS link is located (Server2 in our scenario).Next, you will be asked if you wish to allow a replication group t

25、o be created between the 2 sets of identical shares. Select Yes.On the next screen, you can edit the replication group name and folder name.The wizard will then evaluate your folder targets to see if they are elgible to participate. If so, you will receive a confirmation as shown in the image below.

26、Next, select the primary member server. This is the server that contains the content that is to be replicated to the folder targets.Next, select the replication topology. The replication topology consists of the logical connections that DFS Replication uses to replicate files among servers. When you

27、 set up a replication group, you can choose from three topologies: Hub and spoke:This topology requires three or more members; otherwise this option is unavailable. For each spoke member, you can choose a required hub member and an optional second hub member for redundancy. This optional hub ensures

28、 that a spoke member can still replicate if one of the hub members is unavailable. If you specify two hub members, the hub members will have a full-mesh topology between them. Full mesh:In this topology, every member replicates with all other members of the replication group. This topology works wel

29、l when there are ten or fewer members in the replication group. It is recommended that you not select full mesh topology if you have more than ten members in the replication group. No topology:Choose this option if you want to create connections yourself after you finish the New Replication Group Wi

30、zard or the Replicate Folder Wizard. No replication will take place until you create the connections.When choosing a topology, keep in mind that two one-way connections are created between the members you choose. These two connections allow data to flow in both directions. For example, in a hub and

31、spoke topology, data will flow from the hub members to the spoke members and from the spoke members to the hub members. The topology can be changed later in DFS Administration, if necessary.Next, you can choose the amount of bandwidth you wish to allocate to replication traffic. If you do not want replication to occur during peak times, for example, the other option allows you to set specific days and time for replication to occur.The next window a