风景整理.docx

风景整理.docx

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风景整理

Contents

ChapterOneFamousScenery

1.ForbiddenCity

2.TheGreatwall

3.TheWestLakeinHangzhou

4.TheSunMoonLake

5.MausoleumofEmperorQinShihuang

6.GuilinScenery

7.ChengdeMountainResort

8.TheThreeGorgesoftheYangtzeRiver

Asoneofthefourancientcivilizationsbirthplacesandthethirdlargestcountryoftheworld,Chinaisabeautifulandmysteriousplaceattractingthetravelersallaroundtheworld.Inthis9,600,000Squarekilometersland，therearesomanyplacesofinterestlocatedshowingthegloryofournation.Whateverthebeautifulscenerythatthenatureendowedusortheculturalsitesthatourancestorsleftforusareallvaluabletreasures.

FORBIDDENCITY

FORBIDDENCITY（紫禁城）palacemuseum,alsoknowasthePurpleForbiddenCity.ItisthelargestandmostwellreservedimperialresidenceinChinatoday.UnderMingEmperorYongle,constructionbeganin1406.Ittook14yearstobuildtheForbiddenCity.ThefirstrulerwhoactuallylivedherewasMingEmperorZhudi.Forfivecenturiesthereafter,itcontinuedtobetheresidenceof23successiveemperorsuntil1911whenQingEmperorPuyiwasforcedtoabdicatethethrone.In1987,theUnitedNationsEducational,ScientificandCulturalOrganizationrecognizedtheForbiddenCitywasaworldculturallegacy. ItisbelievedthatthePalaceMuseum,orZiJinCheng（PurpleForbiddenCity）,gotitsnamefromastronomyfolklore,TheancientastronomersdividedtheconstellationsintogroupsandcenteredthemaroundtheZiweiYuan（NorthStar）.TheconstellationcontainingtheNorthStarwascalledtheConstellationofHeavenlyGodandstaritselfwascalledthepurplepalace.Becausetheemperorwassupposedlythesonoftheheavenlygods,hiscentralanddominantpositionwouldbefurtherhighlightedtheuseofthewordpurpleinthenameofhisresidence.Infolklore,theterm”aneasternpurplecloudisdrifting”becameametaphorforauspiciouseventsHere,purpleisassociatedwithauspiciousdevelopments.Thewordjin（forbidden）isself-explanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoff-explanatoryastheimperialpalacewasheavilyguardedandoff-limitstoordinarypeople.

   TheForbiddenCityisrectangularinshape.Itis960meterslongfromnorthtosouthand750meterwidefromeastwest.Ithas9,900roomsunderatotalroofarea150,000squaremeters.A52-meter-wide-moatencirclesa9.9-meter—highwallwhichenclosesthecomplex.Octagon—shapedturretsrestonthefourcornersofthewall.ManpowerandmaterialsthroughoutthecountrywereusedtobuildtheForbiddenCity.Atotalof230,000artisansandonemillionlaborerswereemployed.MarblewasquarriedfromfangshanCountryMountPaninJixianCountyinHebeiProvince.GranitewasquarriedinQuyangCountyinHebeiProvince.

   ThePalaceisatreasureofChinaandoneoftheculturalrelicsoftheworld.ItisunderthestrictprotectionoftheChinesegovernment.Since1949whenthepeople`sRupublicofChinawasfounded,nearlyonetrillionRMBwasspentonitsrestorationandrefurbishment.TheForbiddenCityhasundergonefourmajorfacelifttodate.Eachyear,thegovernmentearmarksalargesumtogather,sortandstudyculturalrelics.ThePalacenowcontainsatotalof930,000culturalrelics.

故宫

故宫，又称紫禁城。

它是现今中国保存的最大的和最好的皇室住宅。

明朝皇帝朱棣在1406年开始建设紫禁城。

它花了14年建立成紫禁城。

第一个住在这里的统治者明朝皇帝朱棣即明仁宗永乐。

五个世纪以来，它一直是历代23位帝王的行宫一直到1911年，清朝最后一位皇帝溥仪被迫退位。

1987，联合国教科文组织将紫禁城 纳入世界文化遗产名列。

据说故宫，或紫锦（紫禁城），它的名字从天文学的民间传说而得来，古代天文学家把星座分成小组，以紫微元（北极星）为中心。

北极星所在的那个星座被称为神星，神星本身也被称为紫宫。

因为皇帝被认定是天子，如果使用以紫命名的住宅，他独一无二的至尊地位将会被进一步突出。

民间传说中的“紫气东来”被认为是吉祥的兆头。

现在，紫也和幸运的发展联系在一起，“禁”这个字被皇室的人自解为皇宫的高严密性和守卫森严，对普通人是禁止开放的。

紫禁城在外形上是一个矩形，它南北长960米东西宽约750米。

内部面积150000平方米下共有9900个房间。

紫禁城是倾全国之物力建造而成，共征用230000工匠和一百万劳力。

大理石是从房山郡盘山运至河北省蓟县郡的，花岗石采集自河北省曲阳郡.

故宫是中国的财富是世界的宝贵文物。

现在它处于中国政府的保护之下。

自1949年中华人民共和国建立以来，国家共花费将近一万亿人名币在故宫的重修和修复翻新上。

据历史记载，故宫已经经历过四次大的整修。

每年政府都要花费大量的资金去收集、整理分类和研究故宫里的文物，现在故宫里馆藏着930000件历史文物。

TheGreatwall

TheGreatWallisthesymbolofChina’sancientcivilizationandoneofthefamous,grandandsplendidancientconstructionwondersintheworld.In1987,itwaslistedastheworldcultureheritagebytheUNESCO.

Formanycenturies,theGreatWallservedasamilitarygiganticdefensiveprojecttokeepouttheinvadingtroopsofthenorthernnomadictribes.TheconstructionoftheGreatWallfirstbeganintheseventhcenturyBC.ThatperiodoftimewascalledtheSpringandAutumnWarringStatesPeriod.ThefirstwallthatappearedinChinawasbuiltbyKingdomQiandChu.Theybuiltahighwall,whichwascalled“squarewall”surroundingtheirownterritoriesthatcouldmaketheinvadingenemyfeelterrifiedbythehighwall,soitwasknownastheQiandChuGreatWall.DuringtheWarringStatesPeriodthereweresevensmallkingdoms.Inordertodefendthemselvesagainsttheneighboringstates,allthekingdomshadhighwallsbuiltaroundtheirownterritories.ThethreestatesofQin,Zhao,andYanhadthehighwallsbuiltalongtheirnorthernfrontiersasdefensiveprojects.

TherehighwallsweretheprimitivetypeofthepresentdayGreatWallandlaidthefoundationofthepresentGreatWall.InChinesehistory,large-scaleconstructionoftheGreatWallwasconcentratedinthreedynasties:

Qin,Han,andMingdynasties.In221BC,afterQinShihuangdefeatedtheothersixkingdomsandunifiedChina,hegavehimselfthetitle:

theFirstEmperorofQinDynasty,EmperorQinShihuang.ThenhedecidedtolinkupalltheseparatedhighwallsbuiltbydifferentkingdomsintotheGreatWall.EspeciallythehighwallsinthenorthernpartofChinabuiltbyQin,ZhaoandYanwerelinkedupandextendedintoaGreatWalltowardoffharassmentbytheHunsandfortheuseoffurtherdefensiveproject.Ittook10yearstofinishandinvolvedon300thousandpeople,aboutonefifthofChina’spopulationatthattime.

TheQinGreatWallstartedfromLintaoinGansuprovinceinthewestandendedinLiaodong,Liaoningprovinceintheeast.Itcoveredadistanceof7000kilometers,soitwascalledthe“Ten-thousandLiGreatWall”.LiisChineseunitofdistance,about500metersinoneLi.Large-scaleconstructionoftheGreatWallwascontinuouslycarriedoutduringthereignofemperorWuDiintheHandynasty.ApartfrommaintainingandutilizingtheQinGreatWall,theybuiltanOuterGreatWallabout500kilometerstothenorthoftheQinGreatWall.

ManyethnicgroupslivedaroundtheGreatWallfromtheimmemorialtimetillnow.nationalitiesandthedevelopmentofmutualrelationsarethekeytoobservationandunderstandingofthetheGreatWall.

长城

长城是中国古代文明的象征和世界上最宏伟壮丽的古建筑之一。

长城于1987年被联合国教科文组织列为世界遗产。

几千年来，长城是古代中国在不同时期为抵御塞北游牧部落联盟侵袭而修筑的规模浩大的军事工程。

长城的建造最先开始于公元前七世纪。

也就是春秋战国时期。

中国最早出现的长城在齐王和楚王时期建造。

他们在他们的疆域周围建造高大的墙来抵御外敌，这就是著名的齐长城。

战国时期的七雄，为了抵御邻国的外来侵略，都在自己的疆域周围筑上了高高的墙。

战国时期，秦、赵、燕之所以在北边修筑长城，其作用就是一个完整的防御系统。

那样的高墙为现在长城奠定了基础也是其最初的原型。

在中国的历史上，大规模的长城建造主要集中在三个朝代：

秦，汉，明。

公元前221年，秦始皇灭了六国后统一中国，他给自己起了尊号：

秦始皇，。

秦朝的第一位皇帝。

他决定连接那些由前六国建造的分离的城墙统一建造成万里长城。

特别是由秦，赵，燕在中国北方建立的那一段被衔接并延伸成万里长城以抵御匈奴的骚扰、作为进一步防御的工程所用。

建造万里长城共耗时10年，动用了30万人，相当于当时全国人口的五分之一。

秦长城西部从甘肃省的临洮开始，东部在辽宁省的辽东结束。

它共长7000公里，因此它被称为“万里长城”。

'里"是中国距离单位，约500米为一里。

大规模的修筑长城在汉朝武帝统治时期被重新连续进行实施。

除了维护和利用秦长城，他们在原秦长城以北建立了一个约500公里的外长城。

长城带自远古至今居住着众多的民族，各民族及其相互关系的发展，是观察和理解长城带一切事物的关键所在。

TheWestLakeinHangzhou

WestLakeislocatedinthewesternareaofHangzhouCity.Itissurroundedbymountainsonthreesides,withanareaofaround6.5squarekilometers.Thecircumferenceisaround15kilometers.

WestLakeisnotonlyfamousforitspicturesquelandscape,itisalsoassociatedwithmanyscholarsandnationalheroes.Inaddition,manyancientbuildingsinsurroundingareasareamongthemostcherishednationaltreasuresofChina,withsignificantartisticvalue.

DuetoitsprominenthistoricalandculturalstatusamongChinesescenicresorts,WestLakewaselectedasaNationalKeyScenicResortin1982.Moreover,thepictureof"ThreePondsMirroringtheMoon"wasprintedonthebacksofRMBoneyuanbillissuedin2004.

ThenameofWestLakewasfixedasearlyastheTangDynasty（618-907）.BeforetheTangDynasty,thelakehadvariousnamessuchasMingshengLake,JinzhongLake,,QiantangLake,andShangLake,etc.IntheSongDynasty（960-1279）,theChineserenownedpoetSuDongpowroteapoemtopraisetheWestLakeandcomparedittoXizi,aChineselegendarybeauty.Sincethen,theWestLakehasanotherelegantnameXiziLake.

ThebeautyoftheWestLakeliesinitslingeringcharmthatsurvivesthechangeofseasonsinayearandofhoursinaday.Amongitsbeautifulsights,themostfamoussitesaretheTenSightsinWestLakeandtheTenNewSightsinWestLake,whichareknownastheDouble-TenSightsinWestLake.TheTenSightsinWestLakeareMeltingSnowatBrokenBridge,SpringDawnatSudiCauseway,SunsetGlowoverLeifengHill,LotusintheBreezeatCrookedCourtyard,AutumnMoononCalmLake,ListeningtoOriolesSingingintheWillows,ViewingFishatFlowersHarbor,EveningBellatNanpingHill,ThreePoolsMirroringtheMoon,andTwinPeaksPiercingtheClouds.TheTenNewSightsinWestLakeareDreamSpringofHupao,Tea-tastingatDragonWell,GemBathedinFlowingRosyClouds,HeavenWindoverWushanMountain,ScudoverYuhuang,YellowDragonSpittingGreenness,RainsofSweet-scentedOsmanthusOverHills，TreesinMistbytheNineRivulets,RuanMoundinGreen,CloudDwellingandBambooPath.

TheWestLakeisalsofamousforitshistoricalflavorwithnumerouscelebrities.NationalheroesYueFei,YuQian,ZhangRuoshuiandQiuJinwereallburiedalongtheWestLake,leavingtheirillustriousnamesandnoblespiritsinthegreenhillsandbluewaters.Moreover,manyancientpoetsandartists,suchasBaiJuyi,SuDongpo,LiuYongandPanTianshou,hadalsoleftcountlessfamouswritings.

Theint