皖湘学年高中英语 Unit 3 Science versus nature.docx

皖湘学年高中英语 Unit 3 Science versus nature.docx

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皖湘学年高中英语Unit3Scienceversusnature

Unit3Scienceversusnature

Thehealthproblemsaboutclonedanimals，particularlythosewhoappearhealthybuthavehiddenillnessesorproblemsthatappearunexpectedlylaterinlife，havethepotentialtocauserealriskstothesafetyofthefoodproductsfromthoseanimals.IanWilmut，aleadscientistinvolvedinthecreationofDolly，thefirstclonedanimal，haswarnedthatevensmallimbalancesinaclone’shormone，protein，orfatlevelscouldbringitsmilkormeatintodanger.

Aspartofitsriskassessmentonanimalcloning，theFoodandDrugAdministration（FDA）concludedthatmilkandmeatfromclonedanimalsandtheiroffspring（后代）wereassafetoeatasproductsfromconventionalanimals.TheFDAfurtherannouncedthatitwouldnotrequirefoodproductsfromclonedanimalsortheiroffspringtobelabeledassuch.

ConsumerwatchdoggroupspointedoutthattheFDA’sanalysiswasbasedonlimiteddatasuppliedmainlyfromthecloningcompaniesthemselves.Inaddition，whilefoodsafetyisanobviousconcernofconsumers，itisnottheonlyissuethatmakespeopleuncomfortablewithanimalcloning.Forexample，surveysindicatethat63percentofconsumerswouldnotbuyfoodfromclonedanimalsevenifitwaslabeledas“safe”．Concernsaboutthemoralityofcloning，aswellasconcernsforanimalwelfare，leadabigmajorityofpeopletoopposecloninganimalsforfood.However，theseissueswerenotconsideredbytheFDA.Withoutlabelstoidentifyclonedfoods，consumerswhoopposeanimalcloningwouldbeforcedtomakepurchasesagainsttheirprincipleswithoutknowing.Consumershavetherighttoknowhowtheirfoodisproducedsotheycanmakeinformeddecisionsaboutwhattheybuyandwhattheyfeedtheirfamilies.

根据上文判断正（T）误（F）

1．IanWilmut’sattitudetowardsfoodproductsfromclonedanimalsiscautious.（　T　）

2．Fromthelastparagraphwecanlearnthatmostconsumersdidn’tbelievewhattheFDAsaid.

（　T　）

3．Themainideaofthetextisaboutconcernsforanimalwelfare.（　F　）

PeriodOne　Welcometotheunit&Reading—Prereading

匹配左边的单词与右边的汉语意思

[第一组]

1．clone　　　　　A．vt.收养，领养；采用，采纳

2．exactB．n.意图，目的；企图

3．intentionC．vt.克隆；n.克隆出来的动物或植物

4．anxietyD．n.忧虑，焦虑，不安

5．adoptE．adj.精确的，准确的

答案　1.C　2.E　3.B　4.D　5.A

[第二组]

6．legalA．n.胚胎

7．embryoB．n.（生物的）组织；纸巾

8．tissueC．n.怪物

9．monsterD．adj.法律许可的，合法的

10．fellowE．n.男子，家伙；同事，同类

答案　6.D　7.A　8.B　9.C　10.E

[第三组]

11．crimeA．vt.&vi.收割（庄稼）；n.收获；收成

12．conceptB．vt.使改变外观或性质（尤指向好的方向）；使改变形态

13．transformC．n.结果，后果

14．harvestD．n.概念；观念

15．consequenceE．n.罪，罪行

答案　11.E　12.D　13.B　14.A　15.C

[第四组]

16．physicianA．n.女售货员，女推销员

17．reallifeB．n.细胞；小隔间；电池

18．cellC．n.山羊

19．saleswomanD．adj.真实的，现实生活中的

20．goatE．n.医师；内科医生

答案　16.E　17.D　18.B　19.A　20.C

1．Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A．Itisaboutthedebatewhetherweshouldclonehumanbeingsamongpeople.

B．Cloningisproducinganexactcopyofaplantorananimalusingitscells.

C．IanWilmutisshockedthatsomescientistsarenowconsideringcloninghumanbeings.

D．OppositeopinionsofPaulineCarterandColinJakeonthe“Theperfectcopy”．

答案　A

2．Judgethefollowingstatementstrue（T）orfalse（F）．

（1）Somescientistspointoutthatifyoucloneanembryo，youcanproducevaluablehumantissues.

（　T　）

（2）Cloningcanproduceananimalwithoutusingitscells.（　F　）

（3）ThescientistwhocreatedDollyhasalreadycreatedacopyofhuman.（　F　）

（4）Cloningcanhelpthosewhoareunabletohavechildren.（　T　）

（5）Cloninghascreatedmorediseasesinthehumanworld.（　F　）

1．Whenandwherewastheworld’sfirstmammalDollycloned?

A．OnChristmasDay2001inJapan.

B．In1996inScotland.

C．Inearly2003inScotland.

D．In1996inItaly.

答案　B

2．WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeinferredfromthetext?

A．FayeWilsoncannotgivebirthtoababy.

B．Cloninghumanbeingsisillegalandimmoralinmanycountries.

C．Inthefuturemoreandmorediseaseslikecancerwillbecured.

D．ThefirstclonedhumanbeingwillbecreatedbySeverinoAntinori.

答案　D

3．PaulineCarterdisagreeswithhumancloning，becauseshethinksthat.

A．humancloningistotallyimmoral

B．itisdifficulttopredictthefutureifhumanbeingsarecloned

C．humanbeingswilluseuptheEarth’sresources

D．alloftheabove

答案　D

4．WhoelsedisagreeswithhumancloningexceptPaulineCarter?

A．ColinJake.

B．SeverinoAntinori.

C．IanWilmut.

D．FayeWilson.

答案　C

Afterreadingthepassage，pleasefillinthefollowingblanks.

WithDolly1.cloned（clone）successfullyfromanadultcell，someotheranimalsalready2.havebeencreated（create）．Somescientistsevenhave3.theintentiontoclonehumansandtheyarepushingaheadwithresearchnow,4.although/thoughitisnotlegalinmanycountries.Chinahassucceededin5.producing（produce）clonesofcowsandgoats.

Just6.asthesayinggoes，“Everycoinhastwosides.”Ontheonehand，cloningcanproducevaluablehumantissuesandorgans7.tobeused（use）inmedicaltreatment.Ontheotherhand，humancloningcausesmuch8.anxiety（anxious）．Somepeoplesayifwetoy9.withnature，wewillhavetodealwiththe10.consequences（consequence）．

1．IanWilmut，theScottishscientistwhocreatedDolly，isshockedthatsomescientistsarenowconsideringcloninghumanbeings.

[句式分析]

IanWilmut，theScottishscientistwhocreatedDolly,

　主语　　　　　主语同位语　　　定语从句

isshockedthatsomescientistsarenowconsideringcloninghumanbeings.

　谓语　　　　　　　宾语从句

[自主翻译]　克隆出多利的苏格兰科学家伊恩·威尔莫特对于有些科学家现在正在考虑克隆人类感到非常震惊。

2．Eventhoughhumancloningiscausingalotofanxiety，itisgoodnewsforFayeWilson，a41yearoldsaleswomanwhocannothaveababy.

[句式分析]

Eventhoughhumancloningiscausingalotofanxiety，

让步状语从句

itisgoodnewsforFayeWilson，a41yearoldsaleswoman

　　　　　句子主干　　　　　　　　同位语

whocannothaveababy.

定语从句

[自主翻译]　尽管克隆人类正在引起很多担忧，但是这对于不能生育的41岁的女售货员费伊·威尔逊来说却是个好消息。

3．Ifeelsorryfortheladywhocannothaveababy，butIwouldliketopointoutthattherearemanychildrenintheworldwithnoparentswhowouldbedelightedtohaveamother.

[句式分析]

[自主翻译]　我为那位不能生育的女士感到难过，但是我要指出的是世界上有许多没有父母的孩子，如果能有一位妈妈，他们一定会非常高兴的。

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

Plantcloninghasbeenanagriculturaltechniqueusedbyfarmersandgardenersforcenturies.Grafting（嫁接）isacommonformofplantcloning.Manyplantsinnatureactuallyclonethemselvesandreproduceasexually.

Clonedplantsaremuchmorepredictablethannormalplants，sotheiryield（产量）ismorereliable.Clonedplantsalsoreproducefaster，limitingtheamountoftimebetweenplantingandharvesting.Itisalsooftencheapertoproduceseedsthroughcloningthanthroughtraditionalmethods.Plantscanessentiallybeoptimizedsothatfarmersorindividualgrowersalwayshavethebestseedsavailable.Withmoreyieldatafasterrate，farmscanproducemorefoodformorepeoplewhiledecreasingoverallcosts.

Cloningcanbeusedtowipeoutdiseasesthatpreviouslykilledoffentirefieldsofcrops.Thiswouldmakeplantsimmune（免疫的）tothekindsofdiseasesthatfarmersandgardenersaroundtheworldfeareachyear.Cropfailuresduetodiseaseandviruscouldbecomeathingofthepast.Also，plantsthatarenearextinctioncanbebroughtbacktolifethroughcloning.

Throughcloningscientistscandevelop“super”fruitsandvegetablesofsuperiornutritionalquality.Thiscouldmakeforahealthierpopulationoverall.Thisisalreadybeingdonethroughselectivepollination（授粉），andgeneticcloningcouldtakeittothenextlevel.

Byplantcloningwehaveapopulationofidenticalplantsandalltheseplantsequallysufferfromthesamediseases，butinnaturetheweakwoulddieandthestrongwouldsurvive.Whiletherearesomedangerstoconsiderwithplantcloning，thereareplentyofbenefitsthatcouldprovevitaltothepropagation（繁衍）ofthehumanspecies.

语篇解读　本文主要讲了克隆植物的好处：

增加农作物产量、提高植物的免疫力、提高水果和蔬菜的质量等。

1．Theunderlinedword“optimized”inParagraph2canbereplacedby“”．

A．enlargedB．produced

C．perfectedD．examined

答案　C

解析　词义猜测题。

根据第二段中该词后面的“farmersorindividualgrowersalwayshavethebestseedsavailable”可知，个体种植者可以有最好的种子使用，故猜测该词义为“使最优化”。

2．Accordingtothetext，clonedplants.

A．haveloweryieldthannormalplants

B．haveashortgrowthcycle

C．resistvariouskindsofdiseases

D．needlittlecarefrompeople

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据第二段第二句可知，克隆植物繁殖快，从种植到收获的间隔时间短，也就是生长周期短。

3．Whatcanweinferfromthetext?

A．Thefruitsproducedbyclonedplantstastemuchbetter.

B．Therearemoreclonedplantsthannormalplants.

C．Plantcloningcandisturbthelawsofnature.

D．Peopleshouldavoideatingclonedfruits.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段可知，克隆植物会造出完全一样的植物，它们也可能会患上同样的疾病。

这与自然界中适者生存的法则是相反的，所以说克隆植物可能会扰乱自然法则。

4．Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext?

A．Towarnthenegativeeffectsofplantcloning.

B．Topresentdifferentkindsofplantcloning.

C．Topredictthefutureofplantcloning.

D．Toinformusabouttheadvantagesofplantcloning.

答案　D

解析　写作意图题。

根据各段的段首句可知，本文主要讲了克隆植物的好处：

增加农作物的产量、提高植物的免疫力、提高水果和蔬菜的质量和利于人类的繁衍等。

B

Thefuturehomeissomethingthatpeoplehavetalkedaboutfordecades.Becausethefuturehomeideainspiresourimagination，scientistsandengineershavebeenworkinghardtodevelopdifferentsystemstomakehouses“smarter”．

Thevideocameraattheentrancerecognizesvisitorsusingfacialrecognitionsoftware.Thefacialrecognitionsoftwareofthefuturehomewillnotonlyrecognizefriends，butstrangersaswell.Andthesoftwareinyourfuturehomewillrunthestrangers’facesagainstadatabaseofcriminals.

Thefuturehomewillalsohavesmartappliances（家电）aswell.Therewillbeavastnetworkingsystemconnectingthem.Ovens，microwavesandrefrigeratorswillbecontrolledautomatically（自动地），soremotecookingwillbeapossibilityandmealsarepreparedforyourarrival.

Therewillalsobegreensystemsinplacesuchassavingandreusingwashwaterandbat