阅读填空题 2.docx

阅读填空题 2.docx

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阅读填空题2

2012届明德中学高三冲刺阶段全真阅读填空题

（2005）阅读短文，根据所读内容在表中的空格处填上适当的单词或短语，每空不超过3个单词。

ThepopulationoftheUnitedStatesisgrowingolderandwillcontinuetodosoaccordingtoareport,39millionAmericanswillbe65orolderbytheyear2010,51millionby2020,and65millionby2030.

The“graying”oftheUnitedStatesismainlyduetothefactthatpeopleintheU.S.arelivinglonger.Asamatteroffact,thenumberofU.S.citizens85yearsoldandolderisgrowingsixtimesasfastastherestofthepopulation.Itisalsolargelyduetotheold-growingofthe“babyboomers”,thegenerationbornafterWorldWarII.In1957,over4.3millionbabieswereborn.Morethan75millionAmericanswerebornbetween1946and1964,thelargestgenerationinU.S.history.Inlessthantwentyyears,millionsofthemwillbecomeelderlypeople.

The“graying”oftheU.S.willgreatlyaffectthenation’sfamilyandworkforce.Onelikelydevelopmentwillbeagradualchangeinthefamilyunit;itwillmoveawayfromthenuclearfamilyandtowardsamultigenerationalfamily.Theotherlikelydevelopmentwillbeachangeintheproportion（比例）ofthenation’sworkforce.In1989therewere3.5workersforeveryperson65andolder;bytheyear2030,therewillonlybe2workersforeveryperson65andolder.

Title:

1.________

Numberofcitizens65orolder

2._______

By2020

By2030

39million

51million

65million

3.________

4.________

Babyboomers’old-growing

5.________

6._______

8.________→multigenerationalfamily

7._______

9.________tocitizens65andolder

10.________

By2030

3.5:

1

2:

1

（2006）Qualityafter-schoolprogramsaredesignedtoimproveacademicperformance,decreaseyouthcrimesandotherhigh-riskbehaviors,andhelpyoungpeoplegrowintohealthy,successfuladults.

Theeffectofqualityafter-schoolprogramsonacademicperformanceisclear.Studiesshowthatstudentswhotakepartinsuchprogramsshowbetterworkhabits,higherratesofhomeworkcompletion,improvedgrades,andhigherscoresonachievementtests.Theyalsohavefewerabsencesandarelesslikelytoblame.After-schoolprogramsalsoinfluencehigh-riskteenbehavior.Variousstudiesshowdecreasedratesofcrime,druguse,andteensexamongyouthwhojoininwell-runafter-schoolprogramswhencomparedtosimilaryouthwhodonot.Finally,after-schoolprogramsplayanimportantroleinsupportingthefollowingfieldsofdevelopment,mentaldevelopmentandsocialdevelopment.Thus,onecansafelysaythatafter-schoolprogrammingisaneffectivemethodtohelpyoungpeoplebecomecontributingmembersofsociety.

Althoughthereisenoughprooffrombothsmallandlargeassessmentsthatafter-schoolprogramscanmakeapositivedifference,itisimportanttonotethatnotallprogramsareequal.First,dosage（时量）matters—youngpeoplewhoattendthemosthoursoverthemostyearsbenefitmorethanmemberswhoattendlessoftenoroverashorterperiodoftime.Next,after-schoolprogramsmakeabiggerdifferenceforthosestudentswhoneedhelpmostandhavethefewestchoices.Finally,programqualitiesmatter.After-schoolprogramsworkbestwhentheycreateuniqueopportunitiesforyouth.Theyshouldprovideopportunities,skillbuildingmeaningfulinvolvement（参与）,expressionsuggestion,service,andwork.Staffcharacteristicsmakeanimportantdifferenceinthequalityofaprogram.Theadultsshouldtreatyouthaspartners,createsafeandfairenvironment,encouragepersonalized（个性化的）involvement,andactivelycreatelearningopportunities.Inshort,althoughafter-schoolprogramshavepromisingfuture,howtheyaredesignedandrunmatters.

Title:

_76______________________

___

___

______

___

___

______

_______

（2007） Hostfamilyaccommodation,orlivingwithhostfamilies，remainspopularamonglanguagetravelstudentsforitsadvantages.Thesedays,hostfamiliesaretryingtooffermoreintermsofquality，fortheystillhavesomethingtoworryabout.

 Hostfamilyaccommodationisoftenseenasthenumber-onechoiceforitsadvantagesinlanguagestudy，culturalcommunicationandcostofliving.Stayingalongsidehostfamiliesenablesstudentstogetenoughpracticefortheshorttimeoftheirstudyingsothattheirlanguageacquisitionislikelytobecomefaster.Livinginhostfamiliesalsohastheadvantageforstudentsofbeingabletospendalotoftimecommunicatingwiththeir“hostparents”，andgettoknowthelocalwayoflife,peopleandculture.Anotheradvantageisthathostfamilyaccommodationcansometimesbetheleastexpensive.Itattractsstudentsforitensuresthemafamilytypeoflivingatalowcost.

 Theadvantages,however，havenotpreventedhostfamiliesformworrying.Ononehand，somehostfamiliesarelosingtheiruniquesellingpoint.Theproblemisthatthemajorityofhostsinbigcites，nowgenerallysingleandyoung，havelesstimeavailableforstudentsbutthesellingpointforhostfamilyaccommodationiscommunicationpractice.Ontheotherhand，students’expectationshaverisen.Theyarebecomingmoredemandingandaskingformorethaneverfromtheiraccommodation，astheycomemainlyfromhighsocio-economicgroupsintheirowncountries.

 Togetoutofthedifficultsituation，hostfamiliesarenowmakingeffortstoimprovethequalityofservice.Theyaretryingtomakinglivingconditionsbetter，includingbroadbandInternetservice，privatebathroom，andaccesstoplentyofhotwaterforlongshowers.Theyarealsoprovidingstudentswithstructuredfamilyactivities.

 Itisbelievedthathostfamilyaccommodationwillkeepthepopularityvotewithlanguagetravelstudents.

Title：

76.___________

Theme

Hostfamiliesareimprovingtheaccommodationquality

77._______

1）Languagestudy

78._____________

2）Culturalcommunication

（1）79._____________

（2）Knowingthelocalwayoflife,peopleandculture

3）80.____________

Beingleastexpensivesometimes

81._______

1）Lossofsellingpoint

Hosts’havinglesstimeforstudents

2）82.___________

Students’becomingmoredemanding

83._______

Servicequalityimprovement

（1）84.__________________

（2）Organizingstructuredfamilyactivities

85._______

Hostfamilyaccommodationwillkeepthepopularityvotewithstudents.

（2008）Thebestthingyoucansayabouttheroofsofmostcitybuildingisthatyoudon’thavetolookatthemmuch.That’sverygood,sinceanurbanlandscapeviewedfromabovecanbeanunlovelything—blockafterblockoftarred（铺有沥青的）blackrooftops,stickyinsummer,windsweptinwinter,uglyyear-round.Oratleastthat’sthewayitusedtobe.

Buturbanroofsaregoinggreen.Environmentaldesignershavebeguntorealizethatthetopsofbuildingsdon’thavetobewastelands.Indeed,theycanbegardens,plantedwithgrasses,flowersandbushes.

Aplantedroofusuallycomesinoneofthetwovarieties:

extensiveorintensive.Theextensivetypeiswideandshallow,withasoildepthoflessthan8inches,abletosupportsmallerplants.Theintensivetypemaysmaller,butit’srelativelydeeperandhometolargerplants.

whateverthedesign,greenroofsarenotsosimpleasordinarygardens.Theyhavemultiplelayersbeneaththesoil,includingadrainagelayer,waterproofing,structuralsupport,andsoon.

Butthissystemcandoagreatdealofgood.ArecentpaperinthejournalBioSciencetellsthatgreenroofscancontroltemperature,containwaterandcleantheair,Andmostimpressively,theycancutheatlossfromabuildingby50%,lowerair-conditioningcostsby25%,andreducetheurban-heated-islandeffectby2°C.

Ofcourse,apartfromthesquarefeetgreenedandheatreduced,greenroofsareevenmorevaluedsincepeoplecangainsomepsychologicalcomfortsimplybyhavingaquietplacetogo.Assooftenhappens,what’sgoodfortheplanetcanalsobegoodforthespirit.

（2009）Whatiseco-fashion?

Eco-fashionisacomplexphenomenonandthecommonuseofthetermcoverstwoaspectsoffashion—‘ecological’and‘ethical’（伦理的）.Ecologicalfashionusuallyreferstotextile（织物）andclothingproductionprocessesandtheenvironmentalissues（议题）surroundingthem;ethicalfashiongenerallyrelatestotheworkingconditionsinvolvedintheproducingprocesses.

Whataretheproblemswithfashion?

Firstly,theproductionoftextilespollutestheenvironmentalheavily.Cotton-plantingusespesticides;sheep-farmingandwool-cleaningcontributetoglobalwarming;synthetics-making（人造纤维生产）bringsaboutharmfulwaste.Secondly,everystageofclothingproductionhasasignificanteffectontheenvironment.Theyalluseagreatdealofenergy,andsomealsoinvolveharmfulchemicals.Inadditiontothis,thereisalotofwasteproducedintheprocess,especiallyintheformofpollutedwater.Thirdly,growingconsumptionlevelsandourshoppinghabitsfurtherworsenthebadeffects.Wearenowbuyingclothesinincreasingquantitieswithoutrealizingthescaleonwhichitaffectsnaturalenvironment,andwearealsoquicktothrowawayclothesthathavebeenwormonlyacoupleoftimes.

Then,howtosolvetheproblem?

Toalargedegree,itisthefashionproducersthatreallyhavethepowerandtheresponsibilitytoshapeourfuture.Therearenumerouswaysinwhichtheseproducerscanreducetheirecologicalfootprint,fromswitchingtogreenenergyandreducingenergyuse,throughselectingsustainable（可持续使用的）materialsandchoosinglocalsuppliers,torecycleandminimizewaste.Ontheotherhand,asconsumerswecanallmakecontributionsbyselectingenvironmentallyfriendlyclothingandreducing clothingconsumption.

Nowmanypeoplearebeginningtoshopfororganicfoodproductsbecausethebenefitsofeatingfoodfreeofchemicalsarestraightfo