语法集 英语语法知识辅导讲义.docx

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语法集 英语语法知识辅导讲义.docx

语法集英语语法知识辅导讲义

第一讲:

冠词

一.定冠词the:

特指;专指;类别

1.上文已经提到的人或物:

**Iborrowedabook,butsoonIreturned____book.

2.说话双方都清楚的人或物:

**Boysandgirls,lookat____blackboardplease!

3.被限制性修饰语所限定的人或物:

**___bookmyfathergavemewasveryuseful.

4.世界上独一无二事物前一般加the,如被adj修饰则用a

注意:

space(太空);nature(自然);society(社会)前零冠词

1)___moonturnsaround____earth.2)Isaw____redsunrisingabovethesea,andsmiledinrelief.

5.the+形容词//分词;表一类人(复谓)或物(单谓)

1)_____richarenotalwayshappy.2)____unknownisyettocome.天有不测风云。

6.用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人或夫妇二人用复谓:

**____Whitesarefondofmusic.

7.用在职业或者人名的所有格之前,表示地点**Youshouldtry___barber’swhereIgo.

8.the用在洋乐器的名词之前;中国传统乐器,棋类,牌类前不加冠词

**Mysonisfondofplaying___violin//pianowhilemydaughterlikesplaying___

er-hu/pi-pa/chess.

9.用在序数词和形容词最高级前面,形容词only,very,same前面

注意:

the+序数词“第几”;a//an+序数词“又一,再一”

**Iwant____thirdapplebecause____secondoneistoosmall.

10.the+比较级强调“两者中较…的一个”**Heis___tallerofthetwoboys.

11.The+比较级,the+比较级“越…,就越”**___sooner,___better.

12.“bythe+度量衡名词n”表示“按…计算”注意:

byweight按重量计算weight前不加the

1).Cleanersinbigcitiesarepaidby____hour//day//week.2).Eggsaresoldby____dozen.

13.抓,打,碰某人身体部位时用在身体部位的名词前:

take//grab//catch//grasp//pat//hitsbby//in//on+the+部位

**Abullethitthesoldierandhewaswoundedin____leg.**Therobberhithimon____head.

14.用在以festival组成的中国传统节日前,但day组成的节日前零冠词。

Children’sDay

1).____Mid---autumnDayis____specialholidaywhenthewholefamilygettogether.

2).TheChinesepaymuchattentionto____SpringFestival.

15.朝代年代世纪的名词前

1).Thelifein___1960sishardandsimple.2).Thecomputerwasinventedin____20thcentury.

3)___SongDynasty

16.方向方位名词前

1).Thehousefacesto____south.2).On___leftofourteachingbuildingisourlibrary.

17.江河湖泊海洋山脉用the;普通名词构成的专有名词用the

Wewillpayavisittosomeplacesofinterest,suchas,___GreatWall,___SummerPalaceand___PalaceMuseum.

注意:

纯专有名词前不加冠词;如果被形容词修饰则加a

Peoplein____Beijingareworkinghardtocreate____newBeijing.

二.不定冠词a/an:

泛指,类别

1.如果第一个音素是辅音则用a;元音音素则用an

__apple,__hour,__umbrella,__university,__X-rayphoto

2.一个=one**Ihave____watch. 

3“某个”1).___Mr.Lingwantsyouonthephone.

2).Tedcouldn’tremembertheexactdateofthehurricane,butheknewitwas____Saturdaybecauseeverybodywasatchurch.

4.“同一”=thesame**Thetwoboysareof____age.

5.“每一”表示单位**Youshouldtakemedicinesthreetimes____day.

6.代表一类人或物**____teachermustlovehisstudents.

**不定冠词的特殊位置

rather//quitea+(adj)+单名;a+quite+adj+n

what//such//half+a/an+单名;

so/as/how/too+adj+a/an+单名;

manya/an+单名+单谓

1).Howevercleverastudentyouare,youshouldfollowtheteachers’advice.

2).quiteagoodbook=aquitegoodbook.

三.零冠词的用法:

不可数名词或可数名词复数前表泛指

1.国/地名,人名前Peoplein____Beijingareworkinghardtocreate____newBeijing.

2.不可数名词,可数名词复数前零冠词表泛指;

1).Everyoneneeds____water,unfortunately,___waterherehasbeenseriouslypolluted.

2).AsIknow,youdon’tlike____music.Buthowdoyoulike____musicintheTVplaywesawlastnight?

3.季节、月份、星期等名词之前一般零冠词;如果特指则用the;某一个星期则用a.

1).Itisveryhotin___summer,butitwasnotveryhotin____summerof2014.

2).Ivisitedthetempleon____SundayinMaywhensomepeoplewereatchurch.

4.独一无二职务做表语,补语,同位语时零冠词,作主语时用定冠词the

1).Mr.Han,___headmasterofourschool,visitedAmericalastyear.

2).____headmasterofourschool,Mr.HanvisitedAmericalastyear.

3).Hewaselected____PresidentoftheUnitedstatesin____1990s.

5.一日三餐,球类,棋类,学科名词前一般零冠词;

1).Theyoftenplay____chessastheyhave______supper

2).TheAmericanlikelearning____Chinesenow.

6.turn+n.(单数),表示“变成,成为…”

Heturned____doctor(=became____doctor)attheageof25.

7.by与交通工具连用bybus/train

8.as//though表“尽管”引导让步状语从句倒装时名词前零冠词

Althoughheis___child,heknowsalot.=____Childasheis,heknowsalot.

四.冠词的活用

1.抽象名词具体化:

一阵,一种,一场,一个

1)._____failureisthemotherof_____success2).He//Themeetingis____success//failure

2.the+序数词“第几”a+序数词“又一再一”

Itis____thirdtimethathehaswatchedthefilm,buthewantstowatch____fourthtime.

3.themostbeautifulgirl最美的女孩amostbeautifulgirl一个非常美的女孩

4.十五大金刚:

永远不能与a连用

顺口溜:

看完天气、信息、有趣、消息,听着建议的音乐,我健康的工作并幸运取得很大进步。

一个家具,一个设备,两个行李都是财富

weather;information;fun;news;advice;music;health;work;luck;progress.furniture;equipment;luggage;baggage;wealth.

固定搭配

1.allthetime一直2.attheageof….在…岁时候3.intheday在白天4.atthefootof在…的脚下5.atthemoment此时6.ontheradio通过无线电7.bytheway顺便说8.intheend最后终于9.inthedistance在远处10.onthecontrary相反

有无冠词的区别:

attable在吃饭

atthetable在桌子旁

atschool上学

attheschool在学校

byday白天

bytheday按日计算

gotobed上床睡觉

gotothebed朝床边走去

inchargeof掌管

inthechargeof在..掌管之中

inplaceof取代

intheplaceof在..的位置上

infrontof…在..的前面

inthefrontof在..内部的前面

outofquestion毫无疑问

outofthequestion不可能

takeplace发生

taketheplaceof取代

inprison//hospital住院//在监狱里

inthehospital//prison在医院//监狱里

gotochurch//bed//hospital//prison//school

做礼拜/睡觉//住院//坐牢//上学

gotothechurch//bed//hospital//prison//school

到教堂//医院//监狱//学校去

能力提升:

一.语法填空

1.Ilookedunder____bedandfound____bookIlostlastweek.

2.---It’ssaidthatJohnwillbeinajobpayingover$60,000___year.

---Right,hewillalsogetpaidby___week.

3.Thereareover58,000rockyobjectsin___space,about900ofwhichcouldfalldownonto____earth.

4.Thisareaexperienced____heaviestrainfallin____monthofMay.

5.Thevisitorsherearegreatlyimpressedbythefactthat____peoplefromallwalksoflifeareworkinghardfor____newJiangsu.

6.Wewentrightroundtothewestcoastby____seainsteadofdrivingacross____continent.

7.Samhasbeenappointed____manageroftheengineeringdepartmenttotake____placeofGeorge.

8.MarcoPoloissaidtohavesailedon____PacificOceanonhiswaytoJavain_____thirteenthcentury.

9.Asisknowntoall,___People’sRepublicofChinais____biggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.

10.In___unexpectedtwist(扭伤),Ibecamethepatient.

11.Heis_____universitystudent.

12.Lihua,____18---year---oldstudent,studiesatShenzhenBao’anHighSchool.

13.As___result,personalsafetylessonsareverynecessary.

14.Heis___firsttogetdressedandalwayslooksneat.

二.改错题

(1)Hersister,whoisnurse,willmarryoneofthedoctorsinthehospital.

(2)Itwassuchwonderfuldinnerthatweenjoyeditverymuch.

(3)Itwasraininghard,soIhadtoborrowaumbrella.

(4)MyfriendMarycomesfromanEuropeancountry.

(5)MrSmithusedtobephysicsteachertillheturnedwriter.

(6)Insmallvillagelikethis,everybodyknowseverybodyelse.

(7)Onlyfewofthechildrencanreadsuchbooks.

(8)Forlongtimeneitherofusspoketoeachother.

(9)Look,agirlinblueismycousin.

(10)Look!

Acarhasstoppedthere.Acarisbeautiful.

(11)Sheaskedwhetherwecamefromasamecity.

(12)Themountainwascoveredwiththesnowalltheyearround.

(13)Youdon‘tknowwhatwonderfultimewe’vehad.

(14)Peoplemadethefunofherbecausesheworesuchstrangeclothes.

(15)Soontheplanewasoutofthesight.

(16)Greatchangeshavetakentheplaceinmyhometownsince1978.

(17)Intheword,heisagoodstudentandallofuslikehim.

(18)Yousayyoutookthebookwithouthispermission.Intheotherwords,youstoleit.

(19)Whataterribleweatherwehavebeenhaving!

(20)HemadeagreatprogressinEnglish.

keys:

一.定冠词:

1.the2.The3.the4.1)The;the2).a5.1).the2).the6.The7.the8.the;X9.a;the10.the11.The;the12.the;the13.the;the14.1).X;a2).the15.1)the2).the16.1).the2).the17.the,the,the,X,a

二.不定冠词:

1.an;an;an,a;an2.a3.1).A2).a4.an5.a6.A;The

三.零冠词:

1.X;a2.1).X;theX;the3.1).X;the2).a4.1).X2).The3)X;the5.1).X;X2).X6.a;a8.a;X

四.冠词的活用1.1)X;X2).a2.the;a

能力提升:

一.冠词语法填空:

1.the;the2.a;the3.X;the4.the;the5.X;a6.X;the7.X;the8.the;the9.the;the10.an11.a12.an13.a14.the

二.冠词改错题

(1)nurse前加a

(2)such后加a(3)a改为an(4)an改为a(5)physics前加a,(6)small前加a,(7)few前加a(8)long前加a(9)a改为the(10)第二个A改为The(11)a改为the(12)去掉the,在此snow为泛指用法。

(13)wonderful前加a(14)去掉the(15)去掉第二个the(16)去掉the(17)the改为a(18)去掉the(19—20).去掉a

第二讲:

代词

考点一.人称代词

主格:

you,I,he,she,they,we做主语

宾格:

you,me,him,her,them,us做宾语表语

It的用法:

1.在特定的环境中,it可指人,如婴儿性别不详细或身份不明的人。

2.代指前面所提到的名词

3.表示天气、时间、距离、温度等

4.it做形式主语、宾语代指todo不定式;代指doing;代指that从句

5.it在强调句中

6.固定句型中takeiteasy别着急;makeit成功;assbputsit正如某人所说;whenitcomesto当提到…时

跟踪练习:

1.____wasreportedthatalargenumberofpeoplegotkilledin5.12Sichuanearthquake.

2.Whatabeautifulbaby----is___aboy?

3.____isabout15minutes’walkfromheretothebar.

4.I’dappreciate___ifyoucouldtakemyapplicationintoconsideration.

5.____wasinGuangzhouthatthe16thAsianGameswereheld.

6._____isnousecryingoverthespiltmilk.

7.Scienceandtechnologymakes___easyforustogetthelatestnewsbothathomeandabroad.

8.Ihate___whenpeoplespeakwiththeirmouthsfull.

9.Iboughtanewphoneyesterday,unfortunately,Ilost___thismorning.

考点二:

物主代词

形容词性物主代词:

my,your,his,her,our,their,its多做定语位于所修饰名词前

名词性物主代词:

mine,yours,his,hers,ours,theirs做主宾表=one’s+n

跟踪练习

1.Ilikeyourcoatthan____(我的)2.Sheisafriendof____她是我的一个朋友。

3.Theyoungshouldgive____seatstotheold.

考点三:

反身代词:

myself//yourself//himself//herself//themselves//ourselves主语和宾语是同一个人或物时,宾语用反身代词

跟踪练习

1.—WhowantedtoseemewhileIwasout?

---Amancalling____Tom.

2.Ican’texpress_____owingtomyexcitement.

考点四:

相互代词

eachother:

两者之间的彼此oneanother:

三者或三者以上的彼此。

考点五:

指示代词that–those;this---these

1.打电话时this表示自己that表示对方

2.that即可代指单数可数名词也可代指不可数名词=the+名词

3.those=the+可数名词复数

4.so用作代词可代替前面肯定的句子,常做think,believe,hope,suppose,guess等词的宾语。

跟踪练习

1.Theweatherin

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