语法集 英语语法知识辅导讲义.docx

1、语法集 英语语法知识辅导讲义 第一讲： 冠词 一.定冠词the：特指；专指；类别1.上文已经提到的人或物：*I borrowed a book, but soon I returned _ book.2.说话双方都清楚的人或物：*Boys and girls, look at _blackboard please!3.被限制性修饰语所限定的人或物：*_book my father gave me was very useful.4.世界上独一无二事物前一般加the, 如被 adj修饰则用a注意: space(太空); nature（自然）; society（社会） 前零冠词1)_moon tu

2、rns around _earth. 2)I saw_red sun rising above the sea, and smiled in relief.5. the +形容词/分词;表一类人（复谓）或物（单谓）1) _ rich are not always happy.2)_ unknown is yet to come.天有不测风云。6.用在姓氏的复数名词之前,表示一家人或夫妇二人用复谓：*_Whites are fond of music. 7.用在职业或者人名的所有格之前,表示地点 *You should try _barbers where I go.8.the用在洋乐器的名词之

3、前; 中国传统乐器,棋类，牌类前不加冠词*My son is fond of playing _violin/piano while my daughter likes playing_ er-hu/pi-pa/chess. 9.用在序数词和形容词最高级前面，形容词only, very, same前面注意：the +序数词“第几”; a/an+序数词“又一，再一”*I want _third apple because _second one is too small.10. the +比较级 强调 “两者中较的一个” *He is _taller of the two boys.11. Th

4、e +比较级， the +比较级 “越,就越” *_ sooner, _better.12. “by the +度量衡名词n” 表示“按计算” 注意：by weight 按重量计算 weight 前不加the 1).Cleaners in big cities are paid by _hour/ day / week. 2).Eggs are sold by_ dozen.13. 抓，打，碰某人身体部位时 用在身体部位的名词前： take/grab/catch/grasp /pat/hit sb by/ in /on +the +部位*A bullet hit the soldier and

5、 he was wounded in _ leg. *The robber hit him on _head.14. 用在以festival组成的中国传统节日前，但day组成的节日前零冠词。Childrens Day1)._Mid-autumn Day is _special holiday when the whole family get together.2).The Chinese pay much attention to_ Spring Festival.15. 朝代年代世纪的名词前1).The life in _1960s is hard and simple. 2). The

6、computer was invented in _ 20 th century.3)_ Song Dynasty16. 方向方位名词前 1).The house faces to_ south. 2). On _left of our teaching building is our library.17.江河湖泊海洋山脉用the ;普通名词构成的专有名词用theWe will pay a visit to some places of interest, such as,_ Great Wall, _ Summer Palace and _Palace Museum.注意：纯专有名词前不加

7、冠词；如果被形容词修饰则加aPeople in _Beijing are working hard to create _new Beijing.二.不定冠词a/an ：泛指，类别1.如果第一个音素是辅音则用a;元音音素则用an _ apple, _ hour, _ umbrella, _ university, _ X-ray photo 2.一个=one *I have _ watch.3 “某个” 1)._ Mr. Ling wants you on the phone. 2). Ted couldnt remember the exact date of the hurricane,

8、but he knew it was _Saturday because everybody was at church.4. “同一” = the same * The two boys are of _ age.5. “每一”表示单位 *You should take medicines three times _ day.6. 代表一类人或物 *_ teacher must love his students.*不定冠词的特殊位置rather/quite a+ (adj)+单名；a +quite+adj +nwhat/ such/half + a/an +单名;so /as/how/to

9、o + adj +a/an + 单名；many a/an+单名+单谓1).However clever a student you are, you should follow the teachers advice.2). quite a good book=a quite good book.三零冠词的用法:不可数名词或可数名词复数前 表泛指1.国/地名，人名前 People in _Beijing are working hard to create _new Beijing.2. 不可数名词, 可数名词复数前零冠词表泛指；1).Everyone needs_ water, unfort

10、unately, _water here has been seriously polluted.2).As I know, you dont like _ music. But how do you like _music in the TV play we saw last night?3. 季节、月份、星期等名词之前一般零冠词；如果特指则用the ;某一个星期则用 a.1).It is very hot in _summer, but it was not very hot in _summer of 2014.2).I visited the temple on _Sunday in

11、May when some people were at church.4.独一无二职务做表语，补语，同位语时零冠词，作主语时用定冠词the1).Mr. Han , _ headmaster of our school, visited America last year .2)._ headmaster of our school , Mr. Han visited America last year. 3).He was elected _President of the United states in _1990s.5.一日三餐，球类，棋类，学科名词前一般零冠词；1).They oft

12、en play _chess as they have _supper2). The American like learning_ Chinese now.6. turn + n. (单数), 表示 “变成,成为” He turned_ doctor (= became _ doctor )at the age of 25. 7. by 与交通工具连用by bus / train8. as/though 表 “尽管”引导让步状语从句倒装时名词前零冠词Although he is_ child , he knows a lot.=_Child as he is , he knows a lot

13、.四冠词的活用1.抽象名词具体化：一阵，一种，一场，一个1)._failure is the mother of_ success 2).He/The meeting is _ success/failure2. the +序数词“第几” a +序数词“又一再一”It is _ third time that he has watched the film, but he wants to watch _ fourth time.3. the most beautiful girl最美的女孩 a most beautiful girl一个非常美的女孩4.十五大金刚: 永远不能与 a 连用 顺口

14、溜：看完天气、信息、有趣、消息，听着建议的音乐，我健康的工作并幸运取得很大进步。一个家具，一个设备，两个行李都是财富weather;information;fun;news;advice;music;health;work;luck;progress.furniture;equipment; luggage;baggage;wealth. 固定搭配1. all the time 一直 2.at the age of .在岁时候 3.in the day 在白天 4.at the foot of 在的脚下 5.at the moment此时 6.on the radio 通过无线电 7.by t

15、he way 顺便说 8.in the end 最后终于 9.in the distance 在远处 10.on the contrary 相反 有无冠词的区别：at table 在吃饭at the table在桌子旁at school 上学at the school在学校by day 白天by the day 按日计算go to bed 上床睡觉go to the bed 朝床边走去in charge of 掌管in the charge of 在.掌管之中in place of 取代in the place of 在.的位置上in front of 在.的前面in the front of

16、 在.内部的前面out of question 毫无疑问out of the question 不可能take place 发生take the place of 取代in prison /hospital住院/在监狱里in the hospital/prison在医院/监狱里go to church/bed/hospital/prison/school 做礼拜/睡觉/住院/坐牢/上学go to the church/bed/hospital/prison/school到教堂/医院/监狱/学校去能力提升：一语法填空1. I looked under _bed and found _book I

17、 lost last week.2. -Its said that John will be in a job paying over $60,000 _year.-Right, he will also get paid by _week.3. There are over 58,000rocky objects in _space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _earth.4. This area experienced _heaviest rainfall in _month of May.5. The visitors here a

18、re greatly impressed by the fact that _people from all walks of life are working hard for _new Jiangsu.6. We went right round to the west coast by _sea instead of driving across _continent.7.Sam has been appointed _manager of the engineering department to take_ place of George.8. Marco Polo is said

19、to have sailed on _Pacific Ocean on his way to Java in _thirteenth century.9.As is known to all, _Peoples Republic of China is_biggest developing country in the world.10.In _unexpected twist(扭伤)，I became the patient.11. He is _university student.12.Lihua,_18-year -old student ,studies at Shenzhen Ba

20、oan High School.13. As _result, personal safety lessons are very necessary.14.He is _first to get dressed and always looks neat.二改错题（1）Her sister,who is nurse,will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.（2）It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.（3）It was raining hard， so I had t

21、o borrow a umbrella.（4）My friend Mary comes from an European country.（5）Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer.（6）In small village like this，everybody knows everybody else.（7）Only few of the children can read such books.（8）For long time neither of us spoke to each other.（9）Look，a

22、girl in blue is my cousin.（10）Look！A car has stopped there. A car is beautiful.（11）She asked whether we came from a same city.（12）The mountain was covered with the snow all the year round.（13）You dont know what wonderful time weve had.（14）People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clot

23、hes.（15）Soon the plane was out of the sight. （16）Great changes have taken the place in my hometown since 1978.（17）In the word， he is a good student and all of us like him.（18)You say you took the book without his permission. In the other words， you stole it. (19) What a terrible weather we have been

24、 having! (20) He made a great progress in English.keys： 一定冠词：1.the 2.The 3.the 4.1)The;the 2).a 5.1).the 2).the 6.The 7.the 8.the;X 9.a;the 10.the 11.The;the 12.the;the 13.the;the 14.1).X;a 2).the 15.1）the2).the 16.1).the 2).the 17.the,the,the, X,a二不定冠词：1.an;an;an,a;an 2.a 3.1).A 2).a 4.an 5.a 6. A;

25、The三零冠词：1.X；a 2.1).X;the X;the 3.1).X;the 2).a 4.1).X 2).The 3)X;the 5.1).X;X 2).X 6.a;a 8.a;X四冠词的活用1.1）X;X2）.a 2.the;a能力提升：一冠词语法填空：1.the;the 2.a;the3.X;the 4.the;the 5.X;a 6.X;the 7.X;the 8.the;the 9.the;the 10.an 11.a 12.an 13.a 14.the二冠词改错题(1） nurse 前加 a（2） such 后加 a（3） a 改为 an（4） an 改为 a（5） phys

26、ics 前加 a，（6） small 前加 a，（7） few 前加 a（8） long 前加 a（9） a 改为 the（10） 第二个 A 改为 The（11） a 改为 the（12） 去掉 the，在此 snow 为泛指用法。（13） wonderful 前加 a（14） 去掉 the（15） 去掉第二个 the（16） 去掉 the（17） the 改为 a（18） 去掉 the (1920).去掉a 第二讲： 代 词考点一.人称代词主格： you ,I, he,she, they, we 做主语宾格： you, me, him, her,them,us 做宾语表语It 的用法：1.

27、在特定的环境中， it可指人，如婴儿性别不详细或身份不明的人。2.代指前面所提到的名词3.表示天气、时间、距离、温度等4.it做形式主语、宾语代指to do 不定式；代指doing;代指that从句5.it在强调句中6.固定句型中 take it easy别着急；make it 成功；as sb puts it 正如某人所说； when it comes to 当提到时跟踪练习：1._was reported that a large number of people got killed in 5.12 Sichuan earthquake.2. What a beautiful baby-

28、is _a boy?3. _is about 15minutes walk from here to the bar.4. Id appreciate _ if you could take my application into consideration.5._ was in Guangzhou that the 16th Asian Games were held.6._ is no use crying over the spilt milk.7.Science and technology makes _ easy for us to get the latest news both

29、 at home and abroad.8.I hate _ when people speak with their mouths full.9. I bought a new phone yesterday, unfortunately, I lost_this morning.考点二：物主代词形容词性物主代词：my, your, his, her, our, their, its多做定语位于所修饰名词前 名词性物主代词：mine,yours,his,hers,ours,theirs做主宾表=ones +n跟踪练习1.I like your coat than _(我的) 2. She i

30、s a friend of _ 她是我的一个朋友。3. The young should give _seats to the old.考点三：反身代词:myself/yourself/himself/herself/themselves/ ourselves主语和宾语是同一个人或物时，宾语用反身代词跟踪练习1. Who wanted to see me while I was out? - A man calling _ Tom.2.I cant express _owing to my excitement.考点四：相互代词each other:两者之间的彼此 one another：三者或三者以上的彼此。考点五：指示代词 that those ;this-these1.打电话时this 表示自己 that表示对方2.that即可代指单数可数名词也可代指不可数名词=the +名词3.those =the +可数名词复数4. so 用作代词可代替前面肯定的句子，常做think, believe, hope,suppose,guess等词的宾语。跟踪练习1.The weather in