新概念英语第三册笔记lesson3640.docx

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新概念英语第三册笔记lesson3640

Lesson 36A ChanceinaMillion百万之一的机会

Newwordsandexpression生词和短语

学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的,要把单词放在语句中体会其应用

学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里

credulousadj.轻信的

improbableadj.不大可能的

obscureadj.不起眼的

maidservantn.女仆,女佣

presumev.假定

wickedlyadv.心眼坏地,居心叵测地

plotv.密谋

downfalln.倒台,垮台

naïveadj.天真的

unacceptableadj.不能接受的

conspirev.(事件)巧合促成

incredibleadj.难以置信的

resemblancen.相似

scornn.嘲弄,挖苦

acquaintv.使了解

reunitev.使团聚

assumev.假定,认为

credulousadj.轻信的(多修饰人)

区分credible:

可信的,可靠的,多修饰事物eg.Thestoryhetoldusiscredible.

incredulous/incredible

反义词believable以已知事实为根据eg.Hedemandedforbelievableexplanation.

(反)unbelievable

improbableadj.不大可能的

obscureadj.

1)不起眼的,不出名的eg.Thebusstoppedatanobscurelittletown.

2)令人费解的notclearlyAnobscurefigurecanbeseenthroughthefog.模糊不清的

通过大雾我们可以看到模糊不清的身影.

vague:

多用于比喻意,指不明确说明而造成的模糊不清eg.whathesaidisvague.

maidservantn.妇女仆,女佣

presumev.假定takesth.astrue经常用的表达方式presumethat

根据过去的经验或感觉作出推断

assume与事实不相符合eg.Letusassumethatyourwordsarefact.

suppose最普通的用词猜想\陈述自己的看法Isupposethatitwasmyfault.

wickedlyadv.心眼坏地,居心叵测地

plotv.密谋一人或多人秘密谋划伤害他人.eg.Thecriminalswereplottingtorobthebank.

conspire众多人合谋做重大的犯法勾当犹指反叛

scheme某人暗中设计狡诈的手段来谋求自己的私利eg.Themanisschemingforpower.图谋夺权.

本文中conspire指事件巧合促成eg.Theweatherandcartroubleconspiretospoilourvacation.

downfalln.倒台,垮台

naiveadj.天真的

unacceptableadj.不能接受的

conspire

incredible

resemblancen.相似的

likenessbearastrongresemblancetosb.orsth.haveacloseresemblancetosb.orsth.

eg.Thegirlbearsastrongresemblancetohersister.

sucharesemblance

resemble

likeness最普通的用语,比resemblance意味要强

resemblance特别是指外观或外在性质的相似

similarity性质\物色\程度的相似

similartosth.sb.

scornn.嘲弄,挖苦

短语pourscornonpourcontemptonpourridiculeon

pourheapeg.Hepouredscornonhiswife'ssuggestion.

lookdownupon瞧不起,蔑视

辨析:

thinkscornof

contempt:

蔑视,强烈谴责某人或某事低贱\卑鄙,语气强于scorn

despite语气较弱,表示嘲弄Hissuggestionwasdismissedwithscorn.

Hisfaceshowedthescorn/despitehefelt.

acquaintv.使了解beacquaintedwithsth.

eg.Ihavebeenacquaintedwiththesecret.

acquaintsb.withsth.acquaintsb.ofsth.

makeapersonacquaintedwithsb:

介绍某人同另一个人认识

Letmemake...acquaintedwithyou.

acquaintance熟人

reuniten使团聚

assumev.假定,认为

Text课文

achanceinamilliononechanceinathousand可能性小

eg.Itisachanceinamilliontomeetyouhere.在这儿见到你可真是不容易呀

----HeletoutascreamthatmustcanbeheardinPeru.

典型的夸张,目的是加强语气

Wearelesscredulousthanweusedtobe.

这是明显现在与过去的对比

eg.Wearelesscredulousthanweusedtobe.我们不再像以前那样轻信于人了。

are表示现在的情况/usedtobe过去的情况

eg.Wearenotsohonestasweusedtobe.我们不像过去那么诚实了.

谓语动词是be动词的时候用usedtobe,而不用usedto

谓语动词是使役动词的时候用usedto

eg.Heworkslesshardthanheusedto.

Inthenineteenthcentury,anovelistwouldbringhisstorytoaconclusionbepresentinghisreaderswithaseriesofcoincidences–mostofthemwildlyimprobable.

19世纪的小说家通过给读者们提供一系的巧合事件结束…..

破折号后面的语句是对前作者的一个观点。

Them指一系列的巧合而其中大部分的巧合事件发生的机率是极小的

bringsth.toaconclusion结束eg.Theydecidedtobringthemeetingtoaconclusion.

bringsth.toaclose(比较正式的)eg.Itwas...whobroughtmeetingtoaclose.

presentsb.withsth.给某人提供…

presentsth.tosb.

Readershappilyacceptedthefactthatanobscuremaid-servantwasreallythehero’smother.Along-lostbrother,whowaspresumeddead,wasreallyaliveallthetimeandwickedlyplottingtobringaboutthehero’sdownfall.

wickedlyplottingto…------居心叵测的密谋把这个英雄搞下台来……

bringabout:

产生,引起eg.Modernsciencehasbroughtaboutgreatchangesinlife.

Andsoon.Modernreaderswouldfindsuchnaïvesolutionstotallyunacceptable.

现在的读者已经不愿意接受这样的结尾

findsuchnaivesolutionstotallyunacceptable觉得这种解决办法很天真不能够被接受

findsth.interesting觉得什么有意思

findsb.beautiful觉得某人漂亮

Yet,inreallife,circumstancesdosometimesconspiretobringaboutcoincidenceswhichanyonebutanineteenthcenturynovelistwouldfindincredible.*牢记此句

do—加强语气,really

AGermantaxi-driver,FranzBussman,recentlyfoundabrotherwhowasthoughttohavebeenkilledtwentyyearsbefore.

whowasthought…….who所引导的定语从句修饰brother

Whileonawalkingtourwithhiswife,hestoppedtotalktoaworkman.Aftertheyhadgoneon,Mrs.Bussmancommentedontheworkman’scloseresemblancetoherehusbandandevensuggestedthathemightbehisbrother.

hewasonawalkingtour………..省略了he

commentonsth就...作出评论\评价--remarkon

Bussman夫人对工人作出评价说长得和他的兄弟很像,甚至暗示说就是他的兄弟…

eg:

Ican'texplainhowitisthatheisstillhere.

beseparatedfrommakeone'sway

Franzpouredscornontheidea,pointingoutthathisbrotherhadbeenkilledinactionduringthewar.ThoughMrs.Bussmanwasfullyacquaintedwiththisstory,shethoughtthattherewasachanceinamillionthatshemightberight.

…..她认为有百万分一的机会证明她所说的是正确的……..

Afewdayslater,shesentaboytotheworkmantoaskhimifhisnamewasHansBussman.Needlesstosay,theman’snamewasHansBussmanandhereallywasFranz’slong-lostbrother.Whenthebrotherswerere-united,Hansexplainedhowitwasthathewasstillalive.

……explainedhowitwas…..汉斯解释说他依旧活着是怎么一回事。

Afterhavingbeenwoundedtowardstheendofthewar,hehadbeensenttohospitalandwasseparatedfromhisunit.ThehospitalhadbeenbombedandHanshadmadehiswaybackintoWesternGermanyonfoot.

Makeone’sway…力尽艰辛……….

Meanwhile,hisunitwaslostandallrecordsofhimhadbeendestroyed.Hansreturnedtohisfamilyhome,butthehousehadbeenbombedandnooneintheneighbourhoodknewwhathadbecomeoftheinhabitants.Assumingthathisfamilyhadbeenkilledduringanair-raid,Hanssettleddowninavillagefiftymilesawaywherehehadremainedeversince.

………allrecordsofhimhadbeendestroyed….他所有的资料都被毁掉了

becomeof:

happento:

发生遭遇\不幸的事件,多用于疑问句,主语必须是what或

whatevereg.Whateverbecameofthatgirl?

Pleaseexplainwhatbecameofyouyesterday.

用assuming,而不用presuming:

主观上的臆断\无事实根据的

Multiplechoicequestions多项选择

1、Whatwouldamodernreaderfindtotallyunacceptableinanoveltoday?

答案d—Havingforaheroamanoncepresumeddead.

根据课文内容知道现在的读者是不能接受一些巧合的事件

2、WhenMrs.BussmansuggestedthattheworkmanmightbeFranz’sbrother

答案c—Franzwassosurehisbrotherwasdeadhedidnottakeherseriously.

3、WhatdidHansBussmandoimmediatelyafterthewarwasover?

答案c—Heinquiredafterhisfamily’swhereaboutsbutfoundnotraceofthem.背熟

(打探某人的情况,但是没有发现任何踪迹)

4、-hisreaderswithaseriesofcoincidences…wildlyimprobable.(lines3-6)

答案b—whichwouldbemost

5、Along-lostbrother,whowaspresumeddead,hadnotinfactdiedand…tobringaboutthehero’sdownfall.(lines8-12)

答案d—hadbeenwickedlyplotting.

6、Hestopped…(line25)

答案a—inordertotalktoaworkman

7、Shesentaboytoasktheworkman…(lines25-26)

答案b—whathewascalled

8、Meanwhilehisunitwaslostand…hadbeendestroyed.(lines31-32)

答案b—everyrecordofhis(他所有的记录都被毁掉了)

9、-whowasthoughttohavebeenkilledtwentyyears…(lines18-19)

答案d—previouslypreviously:

before同义完成时的标志

10、MrsBussmantoldherhusbandthatheandtheworkman…(lines20-21)

答案c—lookedveryalike

look表示人的外貌\长相应该采用复数形式

lookalike看起来像

10、-therewasthe…chanceshemightberight.(lines24-25)

答案a—remotest

remote既表示"遥远\偏僻的",也表示"微弱的",特别用来修饰chance

11、-howithad…thathewasstillalive.(lines28-29)*

答案d—comeabout

comeabout:

happen

多用于疑问句,尤其是Howdoesitcomeaboutthat?

结构中

补充:

一、词组

标题:

achanceinamilliononechanceinathousand可能性小

lesscredulousnotsogullible不怎么轻信于人(殆无可能)

weusedtobewewere像我们往常那样

bring……toaconclusion:

bring……toanend

toaclose把……告一结束

presenting(sb.)withoffering(sb.)with给(人)以

aseriesofatrainof一系列

wildlyimprobableextremelyabsurd荒诞不经,十分荒唐

waspresumedwassupposed人们以为

allthetimeallthewhile一直

plottingtoconspiringto图谋

bringabout(one's)downfall=bringabout(one's)failure

把(人)搞垮,叫别人日子不好过

andsoonandsoforth,等等,诸如此类的事

conspiretobringaboutconspiretowards

不期而然地发生,导致……许多事凑在一起,引起了,合力促成

wasthoughttohave原来人们认为已经wasbelievedtohave

onawalkingtour徒步旅行onawalkingexcursion

stoppedtotalkto停下来然后向……讲话=stoppedwalkingandtalkedto

commentedonmadeobservationson置评,评论

closeresemblancetogreatlikenessto酷像

pouredscornonscoffedat嘲笑

pointingoutthatindicationclearlythat明白指出,说道……

killedinactionfalleninbattle阵亡

wasacquaintedwith熟知,熟悉wasfamiliarwith

needlesstosay不用说itgoeswithoutsaying,itisamatterofcourse

howitwasthat怎么会……怎么搞的……=how(跟主语)came或howitcamethat……

(be)woundedbeinjured受伤

wasseparatedfrom隔绝,失去联系wasoutoftouchwith,losttouch(contact)with

madehiswaybackinto=wenthiswaybackinto/to返回

onfootbywalking步行

familyhomeoldhome,hometown老家

intheneighbourhood在街坊邻里intheresidentialdistrict

whathadbecomeof变为什么样子,变成什么样的一种现状(命运,结果)=whathadhappenedto(或befallen)

assumingthatpresumingthat料想

settleddown定居establishedone'sresidence

eversince打那以后thewholeperiodfromsomespecifiedtime.

二、关于conspireto

(有一种这样的含意:

许多事,情况或人凑在一起造成了……)后接V

1)Eventsconspiretobringaboutgreatdifficultiesforgovernment

2)Theyconspiretobringaboutthemeetingofthetwopeople.

3)Theyconspiretomakeitasuccess.

4)Thebadweatherconspiredwithadirtyhoteltomakemyholidayaresoundingfailure.

三、表达法对比

a)Hansexplainedhowitwasthathewasstillalive.

howthingshappenedthathewasstillalive.

thewholestoryofhisbeingstillalive.

b)conspiretobringabout可写成conspiretowards(合力促成)

conspireagainst(凑在一起反对)

例:

一切事情都和我作对

Allthingsconspireagainstme.

一切因素都促成那种结果。

Allthingsconspiretowardsthatresult.

c)a例所示howitwa

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