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新概念英语第三册笔记lesson3640
Lesson 36A ChanceinaMillion百万之一的机会
Newwordsandexpression生词和短语
学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的,要把单词放在语句中体会其应用
学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里
credulousadj.轻信的
improbableadj.不大可能的
obscureadj.不起眼的
maidservantn.女仆,女佣
presumev.假定
wickedlyadv.心眼坏地,居心叵测地
plotv.密谋
downfalln.倒台,垮台
naïveadj.天真的
unacceptableadj.不能接受的
conspirev.(事件)巧合促成
incredibleadj.难以置信的
resemblancen.相似
scornn.嘲弄,挖苦
acquaintv.使了解
reunitev.使团聚
assumev.假定,认为
credulousadj.轻信的(多修饰人)
区分credible:
可信的,可靠的,多修饰事物eg.Thestoryhetoldusiscredible.
incredulous/incredible
反义词believable以已知事实为根据eg.Hedemandedforbelievableexplanation.
(反)unbelievable
improbableadj.不大可能的
obscureadj.
1)不起眼的,不出名的eg.Thebusstoppedatanobscurelittletown.
2)令人费解的notclearlyAnobscurefigurecanbeseenthroughthefog.模糊不清的
通过大雾我们可以看到模糊不清的身影.
vague:
多用于比喻意,指不明确说明而造成的模糊不清eg.whathesaidisvague.
maidservantn.妇女仆,女佣
presumev.假定takesth.astrue经常用的表达方式presumethat
根据过去的经验或感觉作出推断
assume与事实不相符合eg.Letusassumethatyourwordsarefact.
suppose最普通的用词猜想\陈述自己的看法Isupposethatitwasmyfault.
wickedlyadv.心眼坏地,居心叵测地
plotv.密谋一人或多人秘密谋划伤害他人.eg.Thecriminalswereplottingtorobthebank.
conspire众多人合谋做重大的犯法勾当犹指反叛
scheme某人暗中设计狡诈的手段来谋求自己的私利eg.Themanisschemingforpower.图谋夺权.
本文中conspire指事件巧合促成eg.Theweatherandcartroubleconspiretospoilourvacation.
downfalln.倒台,垮台
naiveadj.天真的
unacceptableadj.不能接受的
conspire
incredible
resemblancen.相似的
likenessbearastrongresemblancetosb.orsth.haveacloseresemblancetosb.orsth.
eg.Thegirlbearsastrongresemblancetohersister.
sucharesemblance
resemble
likeness最普通的用语,比resemblance意味要强
resemblance特别是指外观或外在性质的相似
similarity性质\物色\程度的相似
similartosth.sb.
scornn.嘲弄,挖苦
短语pourscornonpourcontemptonpourridiculeon
pourheapeg.Hepouredscornonhiswife'ssuggestion.
lookdownupon瞧不起,蔑视
辨析:
thinkscornof
contempt:
蔑视,强烈谴责某人或某事低贱\卑鄙,语气强于scorn
despite语气较弱,表示嘲弄Hissuggestionwasdismissedwithscorn.
Hisfaceshowedthescorn/despitehefelt.
acquaintv.使了解beacquaintedwithsth.
eg.Ihavebeenacquaintedwiththesecret.
acquaintsb.withsth.acquaintsb.ofsth.
makeapersonacquaintedwithsb:
介绍某人同另一个人认识
Letmemake...acquaintedwithyou.
acquaintance熟人
reuniten使团聚
assumev.假定,认为
Text课文
achanceinamilliononechanceinathousand可能性小
eg.Itisachanceinamilliontomeetyouhere.在这儿见到你可真是不容易呀
----HeletoutascreamthatmustcanbeheardinPeru.
典型的夸张,目的是加强语气
Wearelesscredulousthanweusedtobe.
这是明显现在与过去的对比
eg.Wearelesscredulousthanweusedtobe.我们不再像以前那样轻信于人了。
are表示现在的情况/usedtobe过去的情况
eg.Wearenotsohonestasweusedtobe.我们不像过去那么诚实了.
谓语动词是be动词的时候用usedtobe,而不用usedto
谓语动词是使役动词的时候用usedto
eg.Heworkslesshardthanheusedto.
Inthenineteenthcentury,anovelistwouldbringhisstorytoaconclusionbepresentinghisreaderswithaseriesofcoincidences–mostofthemwildlyimprobable.
19世纪的小说家通过给读者们提供一系的巧合事件结束…..
破折号后面的语句是对前作者的一个观点。
Them指一系列的巧合而其中大部分的巧合事件发生的机率是极小的
bringsth.toaconclusion结束eg.Theydecidedtobringthemeetingtoaconclusion.
bringsth.toaclose(比较正式的)eg.Itwas...whobroughtmeetingtoaclose.
presentsb.withsth.给某人提供…
presentsth.tosb.
Readershappilyacceptedthefactthatanobscuremaid-servantwasreallythehero’smother.Along-lostbrother,whowaspresumeddead,wasreallyaliveallthetimeandwickedlyplottingtobringaboutthehero’sdownfall.
wickedlyplottingto…------居心叵测的密谋把这个英雄搞下台来……
bringabout:
产生,引起eg.Modernsciencehasbroughtaboutgreatchangesinlife.
Andsoon.Modernreaderswouldfindsuchnaïvesolutionstotallyunacceptable.
现在的读者已经不愿意接受这样的结尾
findsuchnaivesolutionstotallyunacceptable觉得这种解决办法很天真不能够被接受
findsth.interesting觉得什么有意思
findsb.beautiful觉得某人漂亮
Yet,inreallife,circumstancesdosometimesconspiretobringaboutcoincidenceswhichanyonebutanineteenthcenturynovelistwouldfindincredible.*牢记此句
do—加强语气,really
AGermantaxi-driver,FranzBussman,recentlyfoundabrotherwhowasthoughttohavebeenkilledtwentyyearsbefore.
whowasthought…….who所引导的定语从句修饰brother
Whileonawalkingtourwithhiswife,hestoppedtotalktoaworkman.Aftertheyhadgoneon,Mrs.Bussmancommentedontheworkman’scloseresemblancetoherehusbandandevensuggestedthathemightbehisbrother.
hewasonawalkingtour………..省略了he
commentonsth就...作出评论\评价--remarkon
Bussman夫人对工人作出评价说长得和他的兄弟很像,甚至暗示说就是他的兄弟…
eg:
Ican'texplainhowitisthatheisstillhere.
beseparatedfrommakeone'sway
Franzpouredscornontheidea,pointingoutthathisbrotherhadbeenkilledinactionduringthewar.ThoughMrs.Bussmanwasfullyacquaintedwiththisstory,shethoughtthattherewasachanceinamillionthatshemightberight.
…..她认为有百万分一的机会证明她所说的是正确的……..
Afewdayslater,shesentaboytotheworkmantoaskhimifhisnamewasHansBussman.Needlesstosay,theman’snamewasHansBussmanandhereallywasFranz’slong-lostbrother.Whenthebrotherswerere-united,Hansexplainedhowitwasthathewasstillalive.
……explainedhowitwas…..汉斯解释说他依旧活着是怎么一回事。
Afterhavingbeenwoundedtowardstheendofthewar,hehadbeensenttohospitalandwasseparatedfromhisunit.ThehospitalhadbeenbombedandHanshadmadehiswaybackintoWesternGermanyonfoot.
Makeone’sway…力尽艰辛……….
Meanwhile,hisunitwaslostandallrecordsofhimhadbeendestroyed.Hansreturnedtohisfamilyhome,butthehousehadbeenbombedandnooneintheneighbourhoodknewwhathadbecomeoftheinhabitants.Assumingthathisfamilyhadbeenkilledduringanair-raid,Hanssettleddowninavillagefiftymilesawaywherehehadremainedeversince.
………allrecordsofhimhadbeendestroyed….他所有的资料都被毁掉了
becomeof:
happento:
发生遭遇\不幸的事件,多用于疑问句,主语必须是what或
whatevereg.Whateverbecameofthatgirl?
Pleaseexplainwhatbecameofyouyesterday.
用assuming,而不用presuming:
主观上的臆断\无事实根据的
Multiplechoicequestions多项选择
1、Whatwouldamodernreaderfindtotallyunacceptableinanoveltoday?
答案d—Havingforaheroamanoncepresumeddead.
根据课文内容知道现在的读者是不能接受一些巧合的事件
2、WhenMrs.BussmansuggestedthattheworkmanmightbeFranz’sbrother
答案c—Franzwassosurehisbrotherwasdeadhedidnottakeherseriously.
3、WhatdidHansBussmandoimmediatelyafterthewarwasover?
答案c—Heinquiredafterhisfamily’swhereaboutsbutfoundnotraceofthem.背熟
(打探某人的情况,但是没有发现任何踪迹)
4、-hisreaderswithaseriesofcoincidences…wildlyimprobable.(lines3-6)
答案b—whichwouldbemost
5、Along-lostbrother,whowaspresumeddead,hadnotinfactdiedand…tobringaboutthehero’sdownfall.(lines8-12)
答案d—hadbeenwickedlyplotting.
6、Hestopped…(line25)
答案a—inordertotalktoaworkman
7、Shesentaboytoasktheworkman…(lines25-26)
答案b—whathewascalled
8、Meanwhilehisunitwaslostand…hadbeendestroyed.(lines31-32)
答案b—everyrecordofhis(他所有的记录都被毁掉了)
9、-whowasthoughttohavebeenkilledtwentyyears…(lines18-19)
答案d—previouslypreviously:
before同义完成时的标志
10、MrsBussmantoldherhusbandthatheandtheworkman…(lines20-21)
答案c—lookedveryalike
look表示人的外貌\长相应该采用复数形式
lookalike看起来像
10、-therewasthe…chanceshemightberight.(lines24-25)
答案a—remotest
remote既表示"遥远\偏僻的",也表示"微弱的",特别用来修饰chance
11、-howithad…thathewasstillalive.(lines28-29)*
答案d—comeabout
comeabout:
happen
多用于疑问句,尤其是Howdoesitcomeaboutthat?
结构中
补充:
一、词组
标题:
achanceinamilliononechanceinathousand可能性小
lesscredulousnotsogullible不怎么轻信于人(殆无可能)
weusedtobewewere像我们往常那样
bring……toaconclusion:
bring……toanend
toaclose把……告一结束
presenting(sb.)withoffering(sb.)with给(人)以
aseriesofatrainof一系列
wildlyimprobableextremelyabsurd荒诞不经,十分荒唐
waspresumedwassupposed人们以为
allthetimeallthewhile一直
plottingtoconspiringto图谋
bringabout(one's)downfall=bringabout(one's)failure
把(人)搞垮,叫别人日子不好过
andsoonandsoforth,等等,诸如此类的事
conspiretobringaboutconspiretowards
不期而然地发生,导致……许多事凑在一起,引起了,合力促成
wasthoughttohave原来人们认为已经wasbelievedtohave
onawalkingtour徒步旅行onawalkingexcursion
stoppedtotalkto停下来然后向……讲话=stoppedwalkingandtalkedto
commentedonmadeobservationson置评,评论
closeresemblancetogreatlikenessto酷像
pouredscornonscoffedat嘲笑
pointingoutthatindicationclearlythat明白指出,说道……
killedinactionfalleninbattle阵亡
wasacquaintedwith熟知,熟悉wasfamiliarwith
needlesstosay不用说itgoeswithoutsaying,itisamatterofcourse
howitwasthat怎么会……怎么搞的……=how(跟主语)came或howitcamethat……
(be)woundedbeinjured受伤
wasseparatedfrom隔绝,失去联系wasoutoftouchwith,losttouch(contact)with
madehiswaybackinto=wenthiswaybackinto/to返回
onfootbywalking步行
familyhomeoldhome,hometown老家
intheneighbourhood在街坊邻里intheresidentialdistrict
whathadbecomeof变为什么样子,变成什么样的一种现状(命运,结果)=whathadhappenedto(或befallen)
assumingthatpresumingthat料想
settleddown定居establishedone'sresidence
eversince打那以后thewholeperiodfromsomespecifiedtime.
二、关于conspireto
(有一种这样的含意:
许多事,情况或人凑在一起造成了……)后接V
1)Eventsconspiretobringaboutgreatdifficultiesforgovernment
2)Theyconspiretobringaboutthemeetingofthetwopeople.
3)Theyconspiretomakeitasuccess.
4)Thebadweatherconspiredwithadirtyhoteltomakemyholidayaresoundingfailure.
三、表达法对比
a)Hansexplainedhowitwasthathewasstillalive.
howthingshappenedthathewasstillalive.
thewholestoryofhisbeingstillalive.
b)conspiretobringabout可写成conspiretowards(合力促成)
conspireagainst(凑在一起反对)
例:
一切事情都和我作对
Allthingsconspireagainstme.
一切因素都促成那种结果。
Allthingsconspiretowardsthatresult.
c)a例所示howitwa