大学四级433.docx
《大学四级433.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《大学四级433.docx(23页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![大学四级433.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2022-11/22/220e98ea-c8e1-4ca1-8a65-17ccb634204c/220e98ea-c8e1-4ca1-8a65-17ccb634204c1.gif)
大学四级433
大学四级-433
(总分:
703.00,做题时间:
90分钟)
一、{{B}}PartⅠWriting{{/B}}(总题数:
1,分数:
99.00)
1.{{B}}ALetterofConsolation{{/B}}1.询问同学病情,表示关切2.谈谈班级近况,表达思念之情3.表达希望同学早日康复返校的良好祝愿
(分数:
99.00)
__________________________________________________________________________________________
正确答案:
()
解析:
{{B}}SampleWritingALetterofConsolation{{/B}}Dearfriend,Areyoufeelinganybetterthesedays?
We'reallconcernedaboutyourhealth.PerhapsIdon'tknowexactlywhatillnessfeelslike,butIguessthatthedaysinhospitalmustbeboring.Ithasbeenthreeweekssinceyouleftandallyourroommateshavestartedtomissyouandyourjokes.Youalwayshadafunnystorytotellatbedtimeinthedorm.Howweenjoyeditall!
Overthepastthreeweeks,nothingmuchhashappened.Everybodyisbusywithstudysincethemid-termexamsarearoundthecorner.Youneedn'tworrytoomuchaboutmissingtheexam.Theteacherknowsallaboutyourcaseandshetoldmethatamakeuptestcouldbearrangedwhenyouareback.Valuableasthestudyis,moreimportantisyourownbody.Don'tworrytoomuchaboutlessons.Iwillkeepallthenotesinclassforyou,andwhenyouarebackatschoolI'llhelpyoutocatchup.Besuretofollowtheadvicesofthedoctorandmakeapointofdoingsomeexerciseseveryday.WhatIwanttosayisthatwe,thefriendsaroundyou,arewaitingforyourcomingback.YoursSincerelyWuYeqiong
二、{{B}}PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning){{/B}}(总题数:
1,分数:
70.00)
{{B}}PlasticBagPollution{{/B}}
Theuseofplasticbagshasincreasedatanalarmingratesincetheybecamepopularinthe1980s.Bigblackbinliners,plasticcarrierbagscarryingadvertisinglogos,clearsandwichbagsandavarietyofotherforms.They'relightweight,handyandeasilydiscarded.Tooeasilydiscarded.Justtakealookaroundyou.Plasticbagscanbeseenhangingfromthebranches,flyingintheair,settledamongstbushesandfloatingonrivers.Theyblockupdrainscausingwaterandsewagetooverflowandbecomethebreedinggroundsofbacteriathatcausediseases.
Plasticbagsaredifficultandcostlytorecycleandmostenduponlandfillsiteswheretheytakearound300yearstodecay.Theybreakdownintotinytoxic(有毒的)particlesthatpollutethesoilandwaterwaysandenterthefoodchainwhenanimalsaccidentallyconsumethem.Buttheproblemssurroundingwasteplasticbagsstartlongbeforetheydecay.Ourplanetisbecomingincreasinglyendangeredbyourover-useofplasticbags.
{{B}}ProductionofPlasticBags{{/B}}
Plasticbagsaremadefromethylene(乙烯),agasthatisproducedasaby-productofoil,gasandcoalproduction.Ethyleneismadeintopolymers(聚合体)--chainsofethylenemolecules--calledpolyethylene.Thissubstance,alsoknownaspolythene,isusedtoproducearangeofitems,includingplasticbags.
Youhaveprobablynoticedtwotypesofplasticshoppingbags--thelighter,filmybagsyougetfromsupermarketsandfoodoutlets,andtheheavierbagsfromotherretailoutlets,likeclothingstores.Thesupermarketbagsaremadefromhighdensitypolyethylene(HDPE),whilethethickerbagsaremadefromlowdensitypolyethylene(LDPE).UnlikeHDPE,LDPEcannotberecycled.
Whileplasticbagsmaynotbethemosthightechapplicationofplasticstechnology,itiscertainlyoneofthemostprevalent.AccordingtoCleanUpAustralia,Australiansuseinexcessof6billionplasticbagsperyear.Iftiedtogetherthesebagswouldformachainthatislongenoughtogoaroundtheworld37times.Morethanhalfofthesebags(3.6billion)aremadefromHDPE.
{{B}}DangerstoSeaLife{{/B}}
Plasticbagsarenowamongstthetop12itemsofwastesmostoftenfoundalongthecoastlines.Animalsandseacreaturesarehurtandkilledeverydaybydiscardedplasticbags--adeadturtlewithaplasticbaghangingfromitsmouthisn'tapleasantsightbutmistakingplasticbagsforfoodiscommonplaceamongstmarineanimals.Plasticblockstheirintestines(肠道)andleadstoslowstarvation.Othersbecomeentangledinplasticbagsanddrown.
Becauseplasticbagstakehundredsofyearstobreakdown,everyyearourseasbecome"home"tomoreandmorebagsthatfindtheirwaytherethroughoursewersandwaterways.Everybagthat'swasheddownadrainduringrainfallendsupinthesea;everybagthat'sflusheddownatoiletendsupinthesea;everybagthat'sblownintoariverwillmostlikelyendupinthesea.Onedisquietingfactstemmingfromthisisthatplasticbagscanbecomeserialkillers.Onceananimaldiesofplasticbags,itdecaysatamuchfasterratethanthebag.Oncetheanimalhasdecomposed,thebagisreleasedbackintotheenvironmentmoreorlessintact,readytobeeatenbyanothermisguidedorganism.Theincrediblyslowrateofdecayofplasticbagsalsomeansthateachbagweusecompoundstheproblem,becausethebagssimplyaccumulate.
{{B}}PollutionTaxes&Bans{{/B}}
Differentcountrieshaveadoptedarangeofapproachestodiscouragetheuseofplasticbagsinanattempttocutdownonthenumberofbagsfindingtheirwayintotheenvironment.InSouthAfricaforinstance,whereanestimatedeightbillionplasticbagsareusedannually,thegovernmenthasimplementednewregulationsthatwillseeonlythicker,moredurableplasticbagsproduced.Aswellasmakingthemmoresuitableforreuse,itishopedthattheextracostassociatedwiththeirproductionandsupplywillpreventretailersgivingthehigherqualitybagsaway,makingtheiruseamoreexpensiveoptionforconsumers.
TheuseofplasticbagsisbeingdiscouragedinotherplacessuchasSingaporeandTaiwan,whilethetaximposedontheuseofplasticshoppingbagsinIrelandhasresultedintheuseofplasticshoppingbagsbeingreducedby900/0injustsixmonths.Priortothe15eurocentperbagtax,itwasestimatedthat1.2millionplasticshoppingbagswerebeinghandedoutinIrelandperyear.Themoneyraisedfromthetaxwillbeusedtofundenvironmentalinitiatives.
Whileanythingthatlowersourconsumptionisgood,whywaituntilwe'rehitfinanciallybeforewechangeourhabitswhenchangesaren'tdifficulttomake?
Howabouttakingpreviouslyusedbagswithyounexttimeyougototheshops?
Orevenbetter--turnbacktimeanddoasgrandmadidandtakeabamboobasketwithyoueverytimeyougoshopping.Shop-ownerswouldratheryouusetheirbagsasthey'reaconvenientandcheapformofadvertising,butwhat'smoreimportant,shareholderprofitsortheenvironment?
Plasticbagscanbere-cycledalthoughonlyaboutoneinevery200everfindsitswaytoare-cyclingunit.Findoutifthere'sare-cyclingbinnearyouand,ifnot,askyourlocalauthorityforone.
{{B}}GreenhouseGases{{/B}}
Somecountrieshaveintroducedso-called"environmentallyfriendlyplasticbags"thatarebiodegradable(可生物降解).Thesebagstakeaboutthreeyearstobreakdownintopracticallynothingandwhilethatsoundslikeanattractivesolution,thetruthisthattheprocessofbreakingdownthesepetrol-basedbagscausescarbontobecomemethane(甲烷)whichisagreenhousegas.
It'salsopossibletoget"plastic"bagsmanufacturedfromcorn.Thesebreakdownveryquicklyandgiveoffnomoremethanethananyothercornproductonlandfillsites.Unfortunately,they'remoreexpensivetoproduceandfewshopsusethem.
{{B}}GarbageBins{{/B}}
Onequestionthat'softenraisedinconnectionwiththeplasticbagdilemmaiswhatshouldbeusedtolinebinsifnotplasticbags?
Toanswerthat,let'sgobackintimetowhenplasticbagswereyettobecomecommonplace.Whatdidwedoe.
Forone,wehadfarlessgarbage.Goodshadmuchlesspackagingthanisthecasetodaysowedidn'tfillourbinsasquickly.Peelings,eggshells,teabagsandcoffeegroundswereallusedascompost(肥料)forcrops,aswasanypaperthatwasn'tneededforlightingfires.Whatwasleftwentintoanunlinedbinwithanythingdirtyorwetbeingwrappedinnewspaperfirst.
Ifwechoosecarefullywhenshoppingsoasnottobringhomemorepackagingthannecessary--there'sreallynopointinbringingithomejusttothrowitstraightinthebinwhenweunpack,theamountofwastethatgoesintothekitchenbinwillbehalved,atleast.
{{B}}IndividualEffort{{/B}}
Byrefusingtouseplasticbags,youcanmakeahugedifferencetothepollutionproblem.Rememberthateachpersonusesabout83bagsayear.Iftherearefourpeopleinyourfamily,that's332plasticbagslesseveryyear.That's332bagslessthatwill:
--releasetoxinsintothegroundwaterfromlandfillsites
--stayintheenvironmentforhundredsofyears
--getintothefoodchainthroughanimals
--wasteenergyduringthemanufacturingprocess
--killanyoftheestimated100,000marineanimalsthatdieeachyearofplasticpollution
Theseareall-importantfactorsthathaveaprofoundeffectonourenvironmentandthecreaturesweshareourplanetwith.Shouldwereallyputourownselfishneedsbeforetheneedsofeverythingaroundusnowandthelivesoffuturegenerations?
That'suptoyoutodecide.
(分数:
70.00)
(1).Thepassagemainlydiscussesthefactorsleadingtoplasticbagpollution..(分数:
7.00)
填空项1:
__________________ (正确答案:
N)
解析:
全文主旨题。
浏览各小标题可知,本文不仅分析了塑料袋的化学成分及其对环境造成的危害,还着重讨论了塑料袋污染的应对措施。
(2).Manyfood-carryingbags,madefromhighdensitypolyethylene,areextremelydifficulttorecycle.(分数:
7.00)
填空项1:
__________________ (正确答案:
N)
解析:
参见“ProductionofPlasticBags”部分第二段。
(3).Theplasticbagswerefirstproducedinthe1970sandgrewincreasinglypopularsincethe1980s.(分数:
7.00)
填空项1:
__________________ (正确答案:
NG)
解析:
本文第一句提到塑料袋自20世纪80年代开始普及(...sincetheybecamepopularinthe1980s),但并未指出一定是在20世纪?
0年代开始第一次生产。
(4).Discardedplasticbagsmaybecomehorribleserialkillersforanimalsbecauseoftheirincrediblyslo