出题思路大总结.docx
《出题思路大总结.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《出题思路大总结.docx(21页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
出题思路大总结
出题思路大总结
1、词汇出题思路
一词多义:
通过搭配体现不同含义
Inthe2006filmversionofTheDevilWearsPrada,MirandaPriestly,playedbyMerylStreep,scoldsherunattractiveassistantforimagining(认为)thathighfashiondoesn’taffecther.Priestlyexplainshowthedeepbluecoloroftheassistant’ssweaterdescendedovertheyearsfromfashionshowstodepartmentstoresandtothebargain(便宜货)bininwhichthepoorgirldoubtlessfoundhergarment.2013TEXT1
21.Priestlycriticizesherassistantforher____________.
[A]poorbargaining(讨价还价)skill
[D]lackofimagination(想象)
Europeisnotagender-equalityheaven.Inparticular,thecorporateworkplacewillneverbecompletelyfamily-friendlyuntilwomenarepartofseniormanagementdecisions,andEurope’stopcorporate-governancepositionsremainoverwhelmingly(cover)male.Indeed,womenholdonly14percentofpositionsonEuropecorporateboards.2013英语二TEXT4
36.IntheEuropeancorporateworkplace,generally________.
[C]corporategovernanceisoverwhelmed(fail;defeat)
Overwhelm:
tocover/defeatcompletely
Evenintraditionaloffices,thelinguafrancaofcorporateAmericahasgottenmuchmoreemotionalandmuchmoreright-brainedthanitwas20yearsago,saidHarvardBusinessSchoolprofessorNancyKoehn.Shestartedspinningoffexamples....Thereweregoals,therewerestrategies,therewereobjectives(n.目标),butwedidn’ttalkaboutenergy;wedidn’ttalkaboutpassion.
31.AccordingtoNancyKoehn,officelanguagehasbecome .
[B]moreobjective(adj.客观的)
词汇题:
考查的单词或词组,要么是超纲词汇,要么是特殊含义,上下文理解是出题意图。
Inspiteof“endlesstalkofdifference”,Americansocietyisanamazingmachineforhomogenizingpeople.尽管——相反关系
21.Theword“homogenizing”(Line1,Paragraph1)mostprobablymeans_____.2006TEXT1
[A]identifying[B]associating[C]assimilating[D]monopolizing(垄断)
Butit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobedoing:
working,makingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:
Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.英语二2015TEXT1
24.Theword“moola”(Line4,Para4)mostprobablymeans .
[A]energy[B]skills
[C]earnings[D]nutrition
Butdon’tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothebrain,they’retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.2009年TEXT1
23.Theword“ruts”(Line1,Paragraph4)isclosestinmeaningto__________.
[A]tracks[B]series[C]characteristics[D]connections
词汇题本质不在于词汇,而在于“替换”的训练。
Butit’snotjustagenderthing.Atwork,peopleprettymuchknowwhatthey’resupposedtobedoing:
working,makingmoney,doingthetaskstheyhavetodoinordertodrawanincome.Thebargainisverypure:
Employeeputsinhoursofphysicalormentallaborandemployeedrawsoutlife-sustainingmoola.英语二2015TEXT1
Butdon’tbothertryingtokilloffoldhabits;oncethoserutsofprocedurearewornintothebrain,they’retheretostay.Instead,thenewhabitswedeliberatelyingrainintoourselvescreateparallelpathwaysthatcanbypassthoseoldroads.2009年TEXT1
Hisfirstexperiment,nearly30yearsago,involvedmemory:
trainingapersontohearandthenrepeatarandomseriesofnumbers.“Withthefirstsubject,afterabout20hoursoftraining,hisdigitspanhadrisenfrom7to20,”Ericssonrecalls.2007Text1
附加题:
Theword“subject”mentionedinparagraph3refersto.
[A]thepatientwhosufferedfrompoormemory
[B]thetopicoftheexperiment
[C]theobedienceoftherule
[D]thestudiedcandidateintheresearch
“替换”的训练
Criticsalsoarguethatcommercialgenetictestingisonlyasgoodasthereferencecollectionstowhichasampleiscompared.Databasesusedbysomecompaniesdon'trelyondatacollectedsystematicallybutratherlumptogetherinformationfromdifferentresearchprojects.ThismeansthataDNAdatabasemayhavealotofdatafromsomeregionsandnotothers,soaperson'stestresultsmaydifferdependingonthecompanythatprocessestheresults.Inaddition,thecomputerprogramsacompanyusestoestimaterelationshipsmaybepatentedandnotsubjecttopeerrevieworoutsideevaluation.2009年TEXT2
批评者还指出,商业基因测试的准确率取决于样本对比的参考数据库。
有些公司的数据库并不是根据对数据库进行的系统性采集而建成的,相反,很多都是把来自不同研究项目的信息随意拼凑而成。
这就意味着一个DNA数据库可能来自某些地区的大量数据,但缺乏其他地区的数据,因此,个人测试结果可能因为提供鉴定结果的公司不同而存在差异。
此外,公司用来评估亲属关系的计算机程序可能申请了专利,不必受同行业测评或外部评估。
他的担忧主要在于人文学科(humanities)方面,如文学、语言、哲学等学科。
这些学科不再热门:
如今22%的美国大学毕业生主修商业,相比之下,只有2%的毕业生主修历史,4%的毕业生主修英语。
然而,许多美国一流大学希望他们的学生具备基本的观念准则,而这正是每个受过教育的人应该具备的。
但多数人发现,对于如何定义“通识教育(generaleducation)”,它们很难达成一致意见。
莫南德教授指出,在哈佛,“伟大的著作之所以被学生广为阅读,是因为这些著作已经被阅读”——这些书传播了一种社会共识。
这些人文课程之所以难以设计和教授,原因之一是这些课程违背了美国顶尖大学一贯坚持的观点,即人文学科教育(liberalarts)和专业教育应该彼此分离,由不同学院授课。
许多学生接受这两种教育。
尽管有过半的哈佛大学学生最终选择法律、医学或者商业这些专业,然而他们要在日后成为医生和律师,必须在修专业资格课程之前先修一门非专业的文科学位课程。
2011英语一新题型
Hisconcernismainlywiththehumanities:
literature,languages,philosophyandsoon.Thesearedisciplinesthataregoingoutofstyle:
22%ofAmericancollegegraduatesnowmajorinbusinesscomparedwithonly2%inhistoryand4%inEnglish.However,manyleadingAmericanuniversitieswanttheirundergraduatestohaveagroundinginthebasiccanonofideasthateveryeducatedpersonshouldpossess.Butmostfinditdifficulttoagreeonwhata“generaleducation”shouldlooklike.AtHarvard,Mr.Menandnotes,“thegreatbooksarereadbecausetheyhavebeenread”—theyformasortofsocialglue.
OnereasonwhyitishardtodesignandteachsuchcoursesisthattheycancutacrosstheinsistencebytopAmericanuniversitiesthatliberal-artseducationandprofessionaleducationshouldbekeptseparate,taughtindifferentschools.Manystudentsexperiencebothvarieties.AlthoughmorethanhalfofHarvardundergraduatesendupinlaw,medicineorbusiness,futuredoctorsandlawyersmuststudyanon-specialistliberal-artsdegreebeforeembarkingonaprofessionalqualification.2011英语一新题型
Weoftenhearmediareportsthatanunauthorizedhackerhasbeenabletoaccessacomputerdatabaseandtoalterinformationstoredthere.Thefactthatthisisnotacommonoccurrencemeansthatdishonestpersonsmightbeabletoaccessbankaccountsinelectronicpaymentssystemsand stealfromsomeoneelse’saccounts.英语二2013完型
我们经常听媒体报道说非法黑客已经能够入侵计算机数据库,并篡改储存于其中的信息,而这并非是罕见事件,意味着欺诈分子能够访问电子支付系统的银行账户,并从别人的账户中进行窃取。
Forthepastseveralyears,theSundaynewspapersupplementParadehasfeaturedacolumncalled“AskMarilyn.”PeopleareinvitedtoqueryMarilynvosSavant,whoatage10hadtestedatamentallevelofsomeoneabout23yearsold;thatgaveheranIQof228—thehighestscoreeverrecorded.IQtestsaskyoutocompleteverbalandvisualanalogies,toenvisionpaperafterithasbeenfoldedandcut,andtodeducenumericalsequences,amongothersimilartasks.SoitisabitconfusingwhenvosSavantfieldssuchqueriesfromtheaverageJoe(whoseIQis100)as,What’sthedifferencebetweenloveandfondness?
Orwhatisthenatureofluckandcoincidence?
It’snotobvioushowthecapacitytovisualizeobjectsandtofigureoutnumericalpatternssuitsonetoanswerquestionsthathaveeludedsomeofthebestpoetsandphilosophers.2007TEXT2
TheEuropeUnionisnowconsideringlegislationtocompelcorporateboardstomaintainacertainproportionofwomen-upto60percent.Thisproposedmandatewasbornoffrustration.Lastyear,EuropeCommissionVicePresidentVivianeRedingissuedacalltovoluntaryaction.Redinginvitedcorporationstosignupforgenderbalancegoalof40percentfemaleboardmembership.Butherappealwasconsideredafailure:
only24companiestookitup.
DoweneedquotastoensurethatwomencancontinuetoclimbthecorporateLadderfairyastheybalanceworkandfamily?
英语二2013TEXT4
欧盟正在考虑通过立法来强迫公司董事会保有一定比例的女性——该比例可能高达60%。
这种强迫性提议源于一次挫折。
去年,欧盟委员会副主席薇薇安·瑞丁发起了一项自愿活动。
瑞丁邀请各企业签名以支持性别平衡目标,即女性在董事会中占40%。
但她的呼吁最终被认为是失败的:
只有24家公司响应其呼吁。
我们真的需要定额制来确保女性在平衡工作和家庭的同时,继续公平地攀爬企业晋升的阶梯吗?
2、因果逻辑关系
因果关系
1.错误选项常见思路:
反向干扰(因果倒置)
2.正确选项常见出题点:
a.定语从句
b.动词(动作发出者和动作承受者)
高频动词:
contributeto;reflect
c.主谓宾宾补
1.因果关系的反向干扰(反向干扰的命题思路中:
因果倒置是最难的选项)
解决方案:
好记性不如烂笔头
…acultureofconsumption(结果)launchedbythe19th-centurydepartmentstores(原因).2006TEXT1
19世纪百货商店掀起的消费文化
22.Accordingtotheauthor,thedepartmentstores(结果)ofthe19thcentury
D.oweditsemergencetothecultureofconsumption(原因)×
百货商店的出现来自于消费文化
RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachs’boardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000;ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmuchcriticism.Butbytheendof2009Mrs.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldman’scompensationcommittee;howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked?
ByFebruarythenextyearMrs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime,shesaid.英语二2011年TEXT1
21.AccordingtoParagraph1,Ms.Simmonswascriticizedfor .
[D]leavingtheboardintoughtimes
2000年1月,鲁斯·西蒙斯以外部董事的身份加入高盛集团;一年后,她成为了布朗大学的校长。
此后的九年里,她在没有招致太多争议的情况下同时处理好了这两个角色。
但在2009年末,西蒙斯女士因其在高盛薪酬委员会的任职而遭到抨击;她怎么可以通过了那些巨额的奖金的发放却无人知道呢?
到第二年的2月,西蒙斯女士离开了董事会。
她说,这个职位太占用时间了。
a.定语从句表原因
Luckily,ifthedoormatorstovefailedtowarnofcomingdisaster,asuccessfullawsuitmightcompensateyouforyourtroubles.Orsothethinkinghasgonesincetheearly1980s,whenjuriesbeganholdingmorecompaniesliablefortheircustomers’misfortunes.“当时(在20世纪80年代)陪审团开始认为更多的公司应对其客户所遭受的不幸负责”。
主从句之间暗含了一个因果关系:
因为法庭对事故受害者的保护倾向导致索赔这种想法的广泛传播。
(1999年)
Studentswhodonotneedtheextratrainingcouldcuttheirdebtmountainbyathird.2014TEXT2
And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking l