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张维友词汇学教程答案1
《英语词汇学教程》（2004年版）练习答案
【Chapter1】
7．tart:
loosewomanbloke:
fellowgat:
pistolswell:
greatchicken:
cowardblue:
fightsmoky:
policefull:
drunkdame:
womanbeaver:
girl
8.haply=perhapsalbeit=althoughmethinks=itseemstomeeke=alsosooth=truthmorn=morningtroth=pledgeere=beforequoth=saidhallowed=holybillow=wave/theseabade=bid
12.
Denizens
Aliens
Translationloans
Semanticloans
kettle
die
wall
skirt
husband
confrere
propatria
Wunderkind
mikado
parvenu
chopstick
typhoon
blackhumour
longtimenosee
dream
【Chapter2】
Ex.1
TheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyisoneofthemostimportantlanguagefamiliesintheworld.ItismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEastandIndia.EnglishbelongstothisfamilyandtheothermembersoftheIndo-EuropeanhavemoreorlessinfluenceonEnglishvocabulary.AknowledgeoftheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilywillhelpusunderstandEnglishwordsbetterandusethemmoreappropriately.
2.Indo-EuropeanLanguageFamily
Balto-SlavicIndo-IranianCelticItalianHellenicGermanic
RoumanianHindiBretonSpanishGreekEnglish
LithuanianPersianScottishFrenchSwedish
PrussianIrishItalianGerman
PolishPortugueseNorweigian
SlavenianIcelandic
RussianDanish
BulgarianDutch
6.
Wheninthecourseofhumanevents,itbecomesnecessaryforonepeopletodissolvethepoliticalbondswhichhaveconnectedthemwithanother,andtoassumeamongthepowersoftheearthseparateandequalstationtowhichthelawsofnatureandofnature'sGodentitlethem,adecentrespecttotheopinionsofmankindrequiresthattheyshoulddeclarethecauseswhichimpelthemtotheseparation.
MostofthecontentwordsareeitherofGreekorLatinorigin.Whatareleftaremostlyfunctionalwords.ThisshowsthatGreekandLatinplayaveryimportantpartintheEnglishvocabulary.
8.eventful[Latin+English]hydroplane[Greek+Latin]
falsehood[Latin+English]pacifist[Latin+Greek]
saxophone[German+Greek]
heirloom[French+English]
josshouse[Portuguese+English]television
[Greek+Latin]
9.
amateur（late）finacé（late）empire（early）
peace（E）courage（E）garage（L）
judgement（E）chair（E）chaise（L）
grace（E）servant（E）routine（L）
jealous（E）savaté（L）genre（L）
gender（E）début（L）morale（L）
state（E）chez（L）ballet（L）
11.
allegro,f轻快
andante,j行板
diminuendo,g渐弱
largo,d缓慢
pianoforte,a轻转慢
alto,i女低音
crescendo,b渐强
forte,e强
piano,h轻
soprano,c女高音
12.
cherub（Hebrew）snorkel（G）
coolie（Hindi）tulip（Turk）
lasso（Sp）wok（Ch）
shampoo（Indian）chocolate（Mex）
tepee（AmInd）jubilee（Gr）
kibitz（G）Sabbath（Heb）
chipmunk（AmInd）tamale（Mex）
cotton（Arab）voodoo（Afr）
loot（Hindi）sauerbraten（G）
13.
a.alligatorb.loco
c.rodeod.bonanza
e.igloof.blitzkrieg
g.wigwamh.canoe
i.hurricanej.boomerang
k.panchos
【Chapter3】
1.a.morphemeb.allomorph
c.boundmorphemed.freemorpheme
e.affixf.informationalaffix
g.derivationalaffixh.root
i.stemj.base
3.individualistic
individualist+ic[stem,base]
individual+ist[stem,base]
individu+al[stem,base]
in+dividu[root,stem,base]
undesirables
un+desirable[stem,base]
desir+able[root,stem,base]
freemorpheme=freeroot
morphemeboundroot
boundmorphemeinflectionalaffix
affixprefix
derivationalaffix
suffix
【Chapter4】
Affixation
5.non-smokerincapableimpractical
disobeyinsecurityirrelevant
immatureinability/disabilityunofficially
unwillingnessillegaldisagreement
illogicaldisloyalinconvenient
non-athletic
6.hardenhorrifymodernize
memorizefalsifyapologize
deepenglorifysterilize
lengthenintensifybeautify
fattensympathize
a.apologizedb.beautifyc.lengthening
d.sympathizede.fattenf.falsify
g.memorizingh.Sterilize
7.a.employeeb.politicianc.participant
d.waitresse.conductorf.teacher
g.pianisth.examinee/examiner
8.
trans-=across:
transcontinental,trans-world
mono-=one:
monorail,monoculture
super-=over,above:
superstructure,supernatural
auto-=self:
autobiography,automobile
sub-=bad,badly:
malpractice,malnutrition
mini-=little,small:
minicrisis,miniwar
pre-=before:
prehistorical,preelection
ex-=former:
ex-teacher,ex-filmer
Compounding
heartbeat[S+V]brainwashing[V+O]
movie-goer[place+V]bakingpowder[V+adv]
far-reaching[V+Adv]dog-tired[adv+a]
lion-hearted[adv+a]love-sick[adv+a]
boyfriend[S+complement]peace-loving[V+O]
snapdecision[V+O]easychair[a+n]
on-coming[V+adv]tax-free[adv+a]
light-blue[a+a]goings-on[V+adv]
4.well-bred/well-behavedculture-bound/homebound
needlework/homeworkpraiseworthy/respectworthy
bar-woman/sportswomannation-wide/college-wide
clear-minded/strong-mindedmilitary-style/newstyle
self-control/self-respectbudget-related/politics-related
water-proof/fire-proofonce-fashionable/once-powerful
news-film/news-lettermock-attack/mock-sadness
sister-in-law/father-in-lawhome-baked/home-produced
half-way/half-doneever-lasting/ever-green
age-conscious/status-consciouscampus-based/market-based
Conversion
7.a.stomach[n→v]
b.room[n→v]
c.wolf[n→v]
d.come/go[v→n]
e.familiar[a→n]
f.innocent[a→n]
g.flat[a→n]
h.ah/ouch[int→v]
i.warm[a→n]
j.has-been/might-have-been[finitev→n]
k.Hamlet[propern→v]
l.buy[v→n]
m.smooth[a→v]
Blending
motel（motor+hotel）
humint（human+intelligence）
advertisetics（advertisement+statistics）
psywarrior（psychologicalwarrior）
hoverport（hovercraft+port）
chunnel（channel+tunnel）
hi-fi（high+fidelity）
cinemactress（cinema+actress）
Clipping
copter（helicopter）dorm（dormitory）
lab（laboratory）prefab（prefabricatedhouse）
gas（gasoline）prof（professor）
scope（telescope）champ（champion）
sarge（sergeant）mike（microphone）
ad（advertisement）tec（detective）
Acronymy
2.kg=kilogramft=footcf=confer
cm=centimeter$=dollar
ibid=ibidemetc.=etcetera
VIP=veryimportantperson
OPEC=OrganizationofPetroleumExportingCountries
TOEFL=teachingofEnglishasaforeignlanguage
3.a.SALT
b.radar
c.AIDS
d.BASIC
e.Laser
f.WHO
g.sonar
h.G-man
Backformation
2.lase（laser）
escalate（escalator）
babysit（babysitter）
peeve（peevish）
orate（orator）
commute（commuter）
CommonizationofProperNames
a.tantalize—Tantalus
b.Argus-eyed—Argus
c.narcissism—Narcissus
d.sabotage—sabots
e.martinet—Martinet
f.yahoo—Yahoo
g.Shylock—Shylock
h.hoovering—Hoover
i.utopia—Utopia
j.UncleTommism—UncleTom
【Chapter5】
6.apes—bbirds—a
cattle—mcricket—n
doves—cfoxes—j
geese—ksheep—f
wolves—gmonkeys—e
pigs—lhyenas—h
turkeys—dswans—i
9.a.Ascientistworkinginaprojecttodevelopindustrialusesfornuclearpowermighthaveallthepositiveassociationswith“atomic”,suchas“benefit,energy”,etc.
b.AJapaneseresidentofHiroshima,victimoftheatomicexplosionattheendofWorldWarII,mighthaveallthenegativeassociationswith“atomic”,suchas“suffering,killing,death,horror",etc.
c.Toastudentofnuclearphysics,“atomic”mightbeassociatedwith“mystery,science,knowledge”,etc.
10.talkative:
implyingafondnessfortalkingfrequentlyandatlength（neutral）
articulate:
expressingoneselfeasilyandclearly（positive）
gossip:
indulginginidletalkorrumoursaboutothers（negative）
rambling:
talkingaimlesslywithoutconnectionofideas（negative）
fluent:
speakingeasily,smoothly,andexpressively（positive）
mouthy:
overtlytalkative,especiallyinarudeway（nagative）
11.
No
Appreciative
Neutral
Pejorative
1
particular
fastidious/fussy
2
critical
fault-finding/picky
3
style/vogue
fad
4
artful
cunning/sly
5
unstable
fickle/capricious
6
developing
underdeveloped/backward
7
encourage/promote
instigate
8
group
clique/gang
14.bull[-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+BOVINE]
cow[-HUMAN-MALE+ADULT+BOVINE]
calf[-HUMAN+MALE-ADULT+BOVINE]
rooster[-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]
hen[-HUMAN-MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]
chicken[-HUMAN+MALE+ADULT+GALLINE]
-HUMAN
bull
cow
calf
+BOVINE
rooster
hen
chicken
+GALLINE
+MALE
-MALE
+ADULT
【Chapter6】
Polysemy
Homonymy
4.1）Makebothendsmeatisaparodyofmakebothendsmeetwhichmeans“haveenoughmoneyforone’sneeds”.Herethebutchercleverlyusesthepairofhomonymsmeatandmeettomakeapun.Itmakesaproperanswertothelady’squestion.
（1）Butcherscannotmakebothendsmeat（makewholesausageswithallmeat）becausetheycannotmakebothendsmeet（Iftheymadesausageswithallmeat,whichismorecostly,theywouldnotearnenoughmoneytosurvive.）
（2）Don’tcomplain.Allthebutchersdothesame.Iamnottheonlyonewhoismakingsausageswithbread.
2）Swallowisabirdwhichisseeninsummer.Butbyoneswallowwesee,wecannotdeducethatitisalreadysummertime.Swallowcanalsomeanamouthfulofwine.Onacoldwinterday,ifonehasaswallowofwine,onemayfeelwarm.
3）armshastwomeanings:
weapons;thehumanupperlimbs.Since“acan
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