张维友词汇学教程答案1.docx

1、张维友词汇学教程答案1英语词汇学教程（2004年版）练习答案【Chapter 1】7 tart: loose woman bloke: fellow gat: pistol swell: great chicken: coward blue: fight smoky: police full: drunk dame: woman beaver: girl8. haply = perhaps albeit = although methinks = it seems to me eke = also sooth = truth morn = morning troth = pledge ere

2、= before quoth = said hallowed = holy billow = wave/ the sea bade = bid12.DenizensAliensTranslation loansSemantic loanskettlediewallskirthusbandconfrerepro patriaWunderkindmikadoparvenuchopsticktyphoonblack humourlong time no seedream【Chapter 2】Ex.1The Indo-European Language Family is one of the mos

3、t important language families in the world. It is made up of most of the languages of Europe, the Near East and India. English belongs to this family and the other members of the Indo-European have more or less influence on English vocabulary. A knowledge of the Indo-European Language Family will he

4、lp us understand English words better and use them more appropriately. 2. Indo-European Language Family Balto-Slavic Indo-Iranian Celtic Italian Hellenic Germanic Roumanian Hindi Breton Spanish Greek English Lithuanian Persian Scottish French Swedish Prussian Irish Italian German Polish Portuguese N

5、orweigian Slavenian Icelandic Russian Danish Bulgarian Dutch6. When in the course of human events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bonds which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth separate and equal station to which the laws of n

6、ature and of natures God entitle them, a decent respect to the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation.Most of the content words are either of Greek or Latin origin. What are left are mostly functional words. This shows that Greek and Latin

7、 play a very important part in the English vocabulary. 8. eventful Latin + English hydroplane Greek + Latin falsehood Latin + English pacifist Latin + Greek saxophone German + Greekheirloom French + English joss house Portuguese + English television Greek + Latin9. amateur (late) finac (late) empire

8、 (early) peace (E) courage (E) garage (L) judgement (E) chair (E) chaise (L) grace (E) servant (E) routine (L) jealous (E) savat (L) genre (L) gender (E) dbut (L) morale (L) state (E) chez (L) ballet (L)11. allegro, f 轻快andante, j 行板diminuendo, g 渐弱largo, d 缓慢pianoforte, a 轻转慢alto, i 女低音crescendo, b

9、 渐强forte, e 强piano, h 轻soprano, c 女高音12.cherub (Hebrew) snorkel (G) coolie (Hindi) tulip (Turk)lasso (Sp) wok (Ch)shampoo (Indian) chocolate (Mex)tepee (Am Ind) jubilee (Gr)kibitz (G) Sabbath (Heb)chipmunk (Am Ind) tamale (Mex)cotton (Arab) voodoo (Afr)loot (Hindi) sauerbraten (G)13. a. alligator b.

10、 lococ. rodeo d. bonanzae. igloo f. blitzkriegg. wigwam h. canoei. hurricane j. boomerangk. panchos【Chapter 3】1. a. morpheme b. allomorph c. bound morpheme d. free morpheme e. affix f. informational affix g. derivational affix h. root i. stem j. base3. individualistic individualist + ic stem, base i

11、ndividual + ist stem, base individu + al stem, base in + dividu root, stem, base undesirables un + desirable stem, base desir + able root, stem, base free morpheme = free root morpheme bound root bound morpheme inflectional affix affix prefix derivational affix suffix【Chapter 4】Affixation5. non-smok

12、er incapable impractical disobey insecurity irrelevant immature inability/disability unofficially unwillingness illegal disagreement illogical disloyal inconvenient non-athletic6. harden horrify modernize memorize falsify apologize deepen glorify sterilize lengthen intensify beautify fatten sympathi

13、ze a. apologized b. beautify c. lengthening d. sympathized e. fatten f. falsify g. memorizing h. Sterilize7. a. employee b. politician c. participant d. waitress e. conductor f. teacher g. pianist h. examinee/examiner8. trans- = across: transcontinental, trans-worldmono- = one: monorail, monoculture

14、super- = over, above: superstructure, supernaturalauto- = self: autobiography, automobilesub- = bad, badly: malpractice, malnutritionmini- = little, small: minicrisis, miniwarpre- = before: prehistorical, preelectionex- = former: ex-teacher, ex-filmer Compounding heartbeat S + V brainwashing V + O m

15、ovie-goer place + V baking powder V +adv far- reaching V + Adv dog-tired adv + a lion-hearted adv + a love-sick adv + a boyfriend S + complement peace-loving V +O snap decision V + O easy chair a + n on-coming V +adv tax-free adv +a light-blue a + a goings-on V +adv4. well-bred/well-behaved culture-

16、bound/homebound needle work/homework praiseworthy/respectworthy bar-woman/sportswoman nation-wide/college-wide clear-minded/strong-minded military-style/newstyle self-control/self-respect budget-related/politics-related water-proof/fire-proof once-fashionable/once-powerful news-film/news-letter mock

17、-attack/mock-sadness sister-in-law/father-in-law home-baked/home-produced half-way/half-done ever-lasting/ever-green age-conscious/status-conscious campus-based/market-basedConversion7. a. stomach n v b. room n v c. wolf n v d. come/go v n e. familiar a n f. innocent a n g. flat a n h. ah/ ouch int

18、v i. warm a n j. has-been/might-have-been finite v n k. Hamlet proper n v l. buy v n m. smooth a vBlendingmotel (motor + hotel)humint (human + intelligence)advertisetics (advertisement + statistics)psywarrior (psychological warrior)hoverport (hovercraft + port)chunnel (channel + tunnel) hi-fi (high

19、+ fidelity) cinemactress (cinema + actress)Clippingcopter (helicopter) dorm (dormitory)lab (laboratory) prefab (prefabricated house)gas (gasoline) prof (professor) scope (telescope) champ (champion) sarge (sergeant) mike (microphone) ad (advertisement) tec (detective)Acronymy2. kg = kilogram ft = fo

20、ot cf = confercm = centimeter $ = dollar ibid = ibidem etc. = et cetera VIP = very important personOPEC = Organization of Petroleum Exporting CountriesTOEFL = teaching of English as a foreign language3. a. SALTb. radarc. AIDSd. BASICe. Laserf. WHOg. sonarh. G-manBackformation2. lase (laser)escalate

21、(escalator)babysit (babysitter)peeve (peevish)orate (orator)commute (commuter)Commonization of Proper Namesa. tantalizeTantalus b. Argus-eyedArgus c. narcissismNarcissus d. sabotagesabotse. martinetMartinetf. yahooYahoo g. ShylockShylock h. hooveringHooveri. utopiaUtopia j. Uncle TommismUncle Tom 【C

22、hapter 5】6. apesb birdsa cattlem cricketn dovesc foxesj geesek sheepf wolvesg monkeyse pigsl hyenash turkeysd swansi 9. a. A scientist working in a project to develop industrial uses for nuclear power might have all the positive associations with “atomic”, such as “benefit, energy”, etc. b. A Japane

23、se resident of Hiroshima, victim of the atomic explosion at the end of World War II, might have all the negative associations with “atomic”, such as “suffering, killing, death, horror, etc. c. To a student of nuclear physics, “atomic” might be associated with “mystery, science, knowledge”, etc. 10.

24、talkative: implying a fondness for talking frequently and at length (neutral) articulate: expressing oneself easily and clearly (positive) gossip: indulging in idle talk or rumours about others (negative) rambling: talking aimlessly without connection of ideas (negative) fluent: speaking easily, smo

25、othly, and expressively (positive) mouthy: overtly talkative, especially in a rude way (nagative)11.NoAppreciativeNeutralPejorative1particularfastidious/fussy2criticalfault-finding/picky3style/voguefad4artful cunning/sly5unstablefickle/capricious6developingunderdeveloped/ backward7encourage/ promote

26、instigate8groupclique/gang14. bull -HUMAN +MALE +ADULT +BOVINE cow -HUMAN -MALE +ADULT +BOVINE calf -HUMAN +MALE -ADULT +BOVINE rooster -HUMAN +MALE +ADULT +GALLINE hen -HUMAN -MALE +ADULT +GALLINE chicken -HUMAN +MALE +ADULT +GALLINE -HUMANbullcowcalf+BOVINEroosterhenchicken+GALLINE+MALE-MALE+ADULT

27、【Chapter 6】PolysemyHomonymy4. 1) Make both ends meat is a parody of make both ends meet which means “have enough money for ones needs”. Here the butcher cleverly uses the pair of homonyms meat and meet to make a pun. It makes a proper answer to the ladys question. (1) Butchers cannot make both ends

28、meat (make whole sausages with all meat) because they cannot make both ends meet (If they made sausages with all meat, which is more costly, they would not earn enough money to survive.)( 2) Dont complain. All the butchers do the same. I am not the only one who is making sausages with bread. 2) Swallow is a bird which is seen in summer. But by one swallow we see, we cannot deduce that it is already summer time. Swallow can also mean a mouthful of wine. On a cold winter day, if one has a swallow of wine, one may feel warm. 3) arms has two meanings: weapons; the human upper limbs. Since “a can