长篇阅读.docx

长篇阅读.docx

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长篇阅读

Directions:

 Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.

长篇阅读 

HowtoMakeAttractiveandEffectivePowerPointPresentations

A）MicrosoftPowerPointhasdramaticallychangedthewayinwhichacademicandbusinesspresentationsaremade.ThisarticleoutlinesfewtipsonmakingmoreeffectiveandattractivePowerPointpresentations.

TheText

B）Keepthewordingclearandsimple.Useactive,visuallanguage.Cutunnecessarywords—agoodruleofthumbistocutparagraphsdowntosentences,sentencesintophrases,andphrasesintokeywords.Limitthenumberofwordsandlinesperslide.TrytheRuleofFive-fivewordsperline,fivelinesperslide.Iftoomuchtextappearsononeslide,usetheAutoFitfeaturetosplititbetweentwoslides.ClickwithintheplaceholdertodisplaytheAutoFitOptionsbutton（itssymbolistwohorizontallineswitharrowsaboveandbelow）,thenclickonthebuttonandchooseSplitTextbetweenTwoSlidesfromthesubmenu.

C）Fontsizefortitlesshouldbeatleast36to40,whilethetextbodyshouldnotbesmallerthan24.Useonlytwofontstylesperslide—oneforthetitleandtheotherforthetext.Choosetwofontsthatvisuallycontrastwitheachother.GaramondMediumCondensedandImpactaregoodfortitles,whileGaramondorTempusSanscanbeusedforthetextbody.

D）Embedthefontsinyourpresentation,ifyouarenotsurewhetherthefontsusedinthepresentationarepresentinthecomputerthatwillbeusedforthepresentation.Toembedthefonts:

（1）OntheFilemenu,clickSaveAs.

（2）Onthe toolbar,clickTools,clickSaveOptions,selecttheEmbedTrueTypeFontscheckbox,andthenselectEmbedcharactersinuseonly.

E）Usecolorssparingly;twotothreeatmost.Youmayuseonecolorforallthetitlesandanotherforthetextbody.Beconsistentfromslidetoslide.Chooseafontcolorthatcontrastswellwiththebackground.

F）Capitalizingthefirstletterofeachwordisgoodforthetitleofslidesandsuggestsamoreformalsituationthanhavingjustthefirstletterofthefirstwordcapitalized.Inbulletpointlines,capitalizethefirstwordandnootherwordsunlesstheynormallyappearcapped.Upperandlowercaseletteringismorereadablethanallcapitalletters.Moreover,currentstylesindicatethatusingallcapitallettersmeansyouareshouting.Ifyouhavetextthatisinthewrongcase,selectthetext,andthenclickShift+F3untilitchangestothecasestylethatyoulike.ClickingShift+F3togglesthetextcasebetweenALLCAPS,lowercase,andInitialCapitalstyles.

G）Useboldoritalictypefaceforemphasis.Avoidunderlining,itcluttersupthepresentation.Don’tcenterbulletedlistsortext.Itisconfusingtoread.Left align unlessyouhaveagoodreasonnotto.Run“spellcheck”onyourshowwhenfinished.

TheBackground

H）Keepthebackgroundconsistent.Simple,lighttexturedbackgroundsworkwell.Complicatedtexturesmakethecontenthardtoread.Ifyouareplanningtousemanyclipsinyourslides,selectawhitebackground.Ifthevenueofyourpresentationisnotadequatelylight-proof,selectadark-coloredbackgroundanduseanylightcolorfortext.Minimizetheuseof“bellsandwhistles”suchassoundeffects,“flyingwords”andmultipletransitions.Don’tuseredinanyfontsorbackgrounds.Itisanemotionallyoverwhelmingcolorthatisdifficulttoseeandread.

TheClips

I）Animationsarebestusedsubtly;toomuchflashand motion candistractandannoyviewers.DonotrelytooheavilyonthoseimagesthatwereoriginallyloadedonyourcomputerwiththerestofOffice.YoucaneasilyfindappropriateclipsonanytopicthroughGoogleImages.Whilesearchingforimages,donotuselongsearchphrasesasisusuallydonewhilesearchingtheweb-usespecificwords.

J）Whenimportingpictures,makesurethattheyaresmallerthantwomegabytesandareina.jpgformat.Largerfilescanslowdownyourshow.Keepgraphs,chartsanddiagramssimple,ifpossible.Usebargraphsandpiechartsinsteadoftablesofdata.Theaudiencecanthenimmediatelypickuptherelationships.

ThePresentation

K）Ifyouwantyourpresentationtodirectlyopenintheslideshowview,saveitasaslideshowfileusingthefollowingsteps.Openthepresentationyouwanttosaveasaslideshow.OntheFilemenu,clickSaveAs.IntheSaveastypelist,clickPowerPointShow.Yourslideshowfilewillbesavedwithapptfileextension.Whenyoudouble-clickonthisfile,itwillautomaticallystartyourpresentationinslideshowview.Whenyou’redone,PowerPointautomaticallyclosesandyoureturntothedesktop.Ifyouwanttoedittheslideshowfile,youcanalwaysopenitfromPowerPointbyclickingOpenontheFilemenu.

L）Lookattheaudience,notattheslides,wheneverpossible.Ifusingalaserpointer,don’tmoveittoofast.Forexample,ifcirclinganumberontheslide,doitslowly.Neverpointthelaserattheaudience.Blackoutthescreen（use“B”onthekeyboard）afterthepointhasbeenmade,toputthefocusonyou.Pressthekeyagaintocontinueyourpresentation.

M）Youcanusetheshortcutcommand[Ctrl]PtoaccessthePentoolduringaslideshow.ClickwithyourmouseanddragtousethePentooltodrawduringyourslideshow.Toerase everythingyou’vedrawn,presstheEkey.ToturnoffthePentool,press[Esc]once.

Miscellaneous

N）MasterSlideSet-Up:

The“masterslide”willallowyoutomakechangesthatarereflectedoneveryslideinyourpresentation.Youcanchangefonts,colors,backgrounds,headers,andfootersatthe“masterslide”level.First,gotothe“View”menu.Pulldownthe“Master”menu.Selectthe“slidemaster”menu.Youmaynowmakechangesatthislevelthatmeetyourpresentationneeds.

对应题目：

1.ThewaysinwhichacademicandbusinesspresentationsaremadehavebeenchangedbyMicrosoftPowerPoint.

2.WhenmakingthePowerPoint,thewordingofthetextshouldnotbecomplicated.

3.Ineachslide,thefontstylesforthetitleandthetextshouldcontrastwitheachother.

4.Amoreformalsituationiscapitalizingthefirstletterofthefirstword.

5.Centeringbulletedlistsortextcannothelptoread.

6.Soundeffectsshouldbeusedaslessfrequentlyaspossible.

7.Whenimportingpictures,makesurethattheyaresmallerthantwomegabytes.

8.Whenmakingthepresentation,youshouldlookattheaudienceaspossibleasyoucan.

9.PressingtheEkeycanhelpyoutoeraseeverythingyou'vedrawn.

10.Inordertomeetyourpresentationneeds,youcanmakechangesatthe“slidemaster”level.

答案参考：

1.AA段讲到了微软的PowerPoint对学术及商业陈述形式的改变，可以直接定位到文章的首段。

2.B根据题干中的信息词wordingofthetext定位到第一个小标题下的第一段。

3.C根据题干中的信息词thefontstylesforthetitleandthetext定位到C段。

4.F根据题干中的信息词moreformalsituation和capitalizing定位到第一个小标题下的F段。

5.G根据题干中的信息词Centeringbulletedlistsortext定位到第一个小标题下的G段。

6.H根据题干中的信息词Soundeffects定位到第二个小标题下的H段，Minimizetheuseof“bellsandwhistles”suchassoundeffects。

7.J根据题干中的信息词importing和twomegabytes定位到第三个小标题下的J段。

8.L根据题干中的信息词lookattheaudience定位到第四个小标题下的L段。

9.M根据题干中的信息词PressingtheEkey定位到第四个小标题下的M段。

10.N根据题干中的信息词makechangesatthe“slidemaster”level定位到文章的最后一段可得答案。

二

A:

Whatdowemeanbybeing‘talentedorgifted’?

Themostobviouswayistolookattheworksomeonedoesandiftheyarecapableofsignificantsuccess,labelthemastalented.Thepurelyquantitativeroute—‘percentagedefinition’—looksnotatindividuals,butatsimplepercentages,suchasthetopfivepercentofthepopulation,andlabelsthem—bydefinition—asgifted.Thisdefinitionhasfallenfromfavor,eclipsedbytheadventofIQtests,favoredbyluminariessuchasProfessorHansEysenck,whereaseriesofwrittenorverbaltestsofgeneralintelligenceleadstoascoreofintelligence.

B:

TheIQtesthasbeeneclipsedinturn.Mostpeoplestudyingintelligenceandcreativityinthenewmillenniumnowpreferabroaderdefinition,usingamultifacetedapproachwheretalentsinmanyareasarerecognizedratherthanpurelyconcentratingonacademicachievement.Ifwearethereforeassumingthattalented,creativeorgiftedindividualsmayneedtobeassessedacrossarangeofabilities,doesthismeanintelligencecanruninfamiliesasgeneticorinheritedtendency?

Mentaldysfunction—suchasschizophrenia—can,soisanefficientmentalcapacitypassedonfromparenttochild?

C:

Animalexperimentsthrowsomelightonthisquestion,andonthewholeareaofwhetheritisgenetics,theenvironmentoracombinationofthetwothatallowsforintelligenceandcreativeability.Differentstrainsofratsshowgreatdifferencesinintelligenceor‘ratreasoning’.Ifthesearebroughtupinnormalconditionsandthenrunthroughamazetoreachafoodgoal,the‘bright-strainmakefarfewerwrongturnsthatthe‘dull-ones’.Butiftheenvironmentismadedullandboringthenumberoferrorsbecomesequal.Returntheratstoanexcitingmazeandthediscrepancyreturnsasbefore—butismuchsmaller.Inotherwords,adullratinastimulatingenvironmentwillalmostdoaswellasbrightratwhoisboredinanormalone.Thisprincipleappliestohumanstoo—someonemaybebornwithinnateintelligence,buttheirenvironmentprobablyhasthefinalsayoverwhethertheybecomecreativeorevenagenius.

D:

Evidencenowexiststhatmostyoungchildren,ifgivenenoughopportunitiesandencouragement,areabletoachievesignificantandsustainablelevelsofacademicorsportingprowess.Brightorcreativechildrenareoftenphysicallyveryactiveatthesametime,and