初中英语六大从句用法及练习中考题.docx
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初中英语六大从句用法及练习中考题
mend
repair
respect
measure
occur
insist
upset
prove
bedividedinto
bedividedby
beresponsiblefor
beinchargeof
cautious
crop
salary
charity
donate
source
form
pretend
prevent
exist
paradise
beforbiddento
monitor班长，监控
directly
display
challenge
interview
predict
manner
typical
欢迎，打招呼
conversation
opposite-adj.
handin
gesture
management
factor
operate
button按钮，钮扣
complain
positive-negative
强迫某人做某事
wallet=purse钱包
口袋
捡起
returnsthtosb
givebackto...还回给某人
junk
snack零食
snake蛇
hut小屋
fair
unfair
theattitudewith
beappreciatedby
praise
chore
besupposedto
staff
stuff
authority权威，当局
awful令人不愉快的
remind
fit
punishment
severe
unify
regular
suffer
sufferfromstress
takeabreak
positive-negative
forcesbtodo=forceasbintodoing
wallet=purse钱包
pocket口袋
pickup
returnsthtosb
givebackto...还回给某人
junk垃圾
snack零食
snake蛇
hut小屋
fair公平
unfair不公平
theattitudewith对...的态度
beappreciatedby被某人欣赏/感激
praise赞扬
chore杂事
besupposedto被认为
staff员工，全体职工
stuff材料，东西
authority权威，当局
awful令人不愉快的
remind提醒，使想起
keepfit保持健康
fit合适，益处
launch发射
punishment惩罚
severe严重的，严厉的
unify统一
regular规律的
suffer遭受，忍受
sufferfromstress承受压力
takeabreak休息一下
nolonger=not...anylonger
英语中六大从句用法总结
1.主语从句
1）主语从句可直接位于主语的位置，如果从句较长，谓语又较短，可用it作形式主语，而将从句放在句末。
常见的句型有：
*Itisafact\apity\aquestion\goodnewsthat...*Itseems\appears\happened\hasturnedoutthat...
*Itisclear\important\likely\possiblethat...*Itissaid\reported\estimated\hasbeenprovedthat...
2）what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”，一般不用it作形式主语。
Whatwelackisexperience.
3）what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义，但它们引导的主语从句，都用陈述语序。
Howtheplanistobecarriedoutshouldbediscussedagain.
IdidknowwhyIfeltlikecrying.
2.宾语从句
1）宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。
连词that常可省略。
介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。
inthat（因为）,exceptthat（除了）,butthat（只是）已构成固定搭配，其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。
*IpromisedthatIwouldchangethesituation.
*AllthisisdifferentfromwhatAmericanyoungpeoplewouldsayaboutfriendship.
*Heiscertainthatwatchingsomuchtelevisionisnotgoodforchildren.
*Thisarticleiswell-writtenexceptthatitisabittoolong.
2）宾语从句后如有宾补，要用形式宾语it来代替，而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。
Hehasmadeitclearthathewouldnotchangehismind.
3）在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词后的宾语从句中，如果谓语是否定的，一般将否定词移至主句谓语上，宾语从句则变成肯定形式。
Hedidn'tthinkthatthemoneywaswellspent.
3.表语从句
表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。
表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外，还可由because,asif（though）等引导。
that常可省略。
如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.
Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.
Itlooksasifsuccessfulinternationalculturalcommunicationwillmaketheworldsmaller.
4.同位语从句
同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明，一般用连词that引导，由于先行名词的意义不同，也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。
常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短，将同位语从句位于谓语之后。
Shefinallymadethedecisionthatshewouldjointhefashionshow.
IhadnoideahowmanybooksIcouldborrowatatime.
Thenewscamethattheirteamhadwonthechampionship.
5.定语从句
定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词，也可以是一个句子。
定语从句通常位于先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。
关系词
在从句中的成分
修饰的先行词
可否省略
关系代词
that
主语/宾语
人、物
作宾语时可省略
which
主语/宾语
物
作宾语时可省略
who，whom，whose
主语/宾语/定语
人
作宾语时可省略
关系副词
When，where，why
时间状语，地点状语，原因
时间、地点、
原因
一般可省略
*限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句修饰先行词，紧接先行词之后，无逗号，若省去，原句意思不完整。
引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。
who,whom,whose用于指人，whose有时也可指物，相当于ofwhich；which用于指物；that既可指人也可指物，但只用于限制性定语从句中。
关系代词除了引导定语从句，替代先行词外，还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。
Thegirlwhoseparentsdiedinanaccidentislivingwithhergrandmother.
ThecomputersandcableswhichmakeuptheInternetareownedbypeopleandorganizations.
Thosewholivealoneorwhoaresickmayhavetroubleingettingclosetootherpeople.
1）当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时，只能用关系代词that引导从句。
ThatisallthatI'veheardfromhim.
He'sthefirstpersonthatI'mgoingtointerviewthisafternoon.
2）关系代词的省略：
从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。
关系代词紧跟介词，作介词宾语时不可用that，只可用which或whom引导从句，并且不可省略，但当介词位于宾语从句句末时，作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that，也可省略。
Thisisoneofthosethingswithwhichwehavetoputup.
Thisisoneofthosethings（which\that）wehavetoputupwith.
3）引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。
关系副词在从句中作状语，意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。
Evenincomicbookswhere（=inwhich）therearenowords,thestoriesarefullyexpressedthroughthedrawings.
Nooneknowsthereasonwhy（=forwhich）hewassoangrythatday.
*非限制性定语从句
非限制性定语从句既可修饰先行词，也可修饰整个主句，起补充说明作用，与主句之间有逗号隔开，若省去，原句意思不受影响。
不可用that引导非限制性定语从句。
关系词不可省略。
Everyobjecthasagravitationalpull,whichisratherlikemagnetism.
*“介词+which\whom\whose”引导的定语从句
“介词+which\whom\whose”可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配，或先行词的习惯搭配。
Thisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavings.
Itiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.
*as引导的定语从句
as引导的定语从句主要用于“such...as”及“thesame...as”的结构中，代替先行词是人或物的名词。
as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，从句可位于主句之前、之后或中间。
Thesearenotsuchproblemsascanbeeasilysolved.（as代替先行词problems）
Asismentionedabove,nosinglecompanyorgroupcancontrolwhathappensontheInternet.（as代替主语）
6.状语从句
*时间状语从句
引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有：
1）when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。
Wehavelearntquitealotaboutitsincewecamehere.
2）assoonas,hardly（scarcely）...when,nosooner...than,each（every）time,
themoment,immediately（that）等。
AssoonasIsentane-mailmessage,Ireceivedpositiveresponses.
Themomentheheardthegoodnews,hejumpedwithjoy.
*地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever.
Wherevershewent,shetookherlittledaughterwithher.
*原因、结果和目的状语从句
1）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：
because,as,since,now（that）,seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat等。
Consideringthatheisafreshman,wemustsayheisdoingwell.
2）引导结果状语从句的连词有：
so...that,such...that,sothat,that,so等。
MickeyMouseissoattractivethatthechildrenarereluctanttoleave.
3）引导目的状语从句的连词有：
sothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,lest等，从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。
Wegotupearlythismorningsothatwecouldcatchthefirstbustotherailwaystation.
*条件和让步状语从句
1）引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as（so）longas,onconditionthat,incase,provided（providing）that,supposing等。
Aslongasyouhavetherightequipment,youcanuseatelephonelinetotransmitcomputerdata.
2）引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,eventhough,evenif,nomatterwhat（when,how...）,whatever（whenever,wherever,however....）等。
though,evenif等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构，具有强调意义。
其结构为“形容词（副词、动词、名词）+as+主语+谓语”。
Nomatterwhatyoumaysay,Iwouldnotchangemymind.
Youngasheis,heisquiteexperiencedinthiswork.（=thoughheisyoung）
Childasheis,hecanspeakEnglishfluently.（=thoughheisachild）
*方式状语从句
引导方式状语从句的连词有as,justas,asif,asthough等。
asif,asthough引导的状语从句中，谓语动词常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反。
Theyoungmanmadetheexperimentjustastheteacherhadtaughthim.
Everythingwentonasusualasifnothinghadhappened.
1.Itisreportedthattwoschools,bothof____arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.A.thatB.whichC.themD.those
2.Jack,____everyonecansee,isanhonestchild.A.whichB.thatC.thatD.as
3.MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,______,ofcourse,makealltheothersupset.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.that
4.Heisreadingthebook____heborrowedfromthelibraryyesterday.
A.whoseB.whereC.whichD.as
5.Betweenthetwopartsoftheconcertisaninterval,_______theaudiencecanbuyice-cream.
A.whenB.whereC.thatD.which
6.Doyouknowthespeed____thecarisrunningA.atwhichB.whichC.withwhichD.that
7.Whiledrivingthroughthecity,sheshowedmethebuilding____sheonceworkedasaliftoperator.A.amongwhichB.whichC.inwhichD.that
8.Lifeislikealongrace_____wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.
A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where
9.Alltheneighborsadmirethisfamily,________theparentsaretreatingtheirchildlikeafriend.A.whyB.whereC.whichD.that
10.Theage____childrencangotoschoolisseven.A.atwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.whose
11.Myglasses,____Iwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.
A.withoutwhichB.withwhichC.forwhichD.inwhich
12.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces_______couldn’tbefound.
A.whichB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat
13.—Howmuchdoyouhaveinyourpocket
—150yuan,allof____camefrommygrandma.A.whichB.themC.itD.that
14.Thesizeoftheaudience,____wehadexpected,waswellover20,000.
A.asB.whereC.whichD.why
15.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandaT-shirt,____isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which
16.You’llfindtaxiswaitingatthebusstation____youcanhiretoreachyourhostfamily.
A.whichB.whereC.whenD.as
17.OccasionsarequiterareIhavethetimetospendadaywithmykids.
A.whoB.whichC.whyD.when
18.Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountQomolangma,appearedararerainbowsoon.A.whichB.onwhichC.thatD.abovewhich
19.Theschoolsthemselvesadmitthatnotallchildrenwillbesuccessfulinthejobs______theyarebeingtrained.A.thatB.forwhichC.whichD.aboutwhich
20.—Whatdoyouthinkofteacher,Bob？
—Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob_____youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.
A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that
21.Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders________consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which
22.Thelazyboyisexpectingaway____hecangetthroughtheexamswithouthardwork.
A.which
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