论《老人与海》中曼诺林的作用英语.docx

论《老人与海》中曼诺林的作用英语.docx

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论《老人与海》中曼诺林的作用英语

论《老人与海》中曼诺林的作用

摘要：

《老人与海》是美国作家欧内斯特·海明威最著名的小说之一，使其魅力经久不衰的原因在于小说中所蕴含的永不服输的斗士精神和积极向上的乐观人生态度。

曼诺林仅在小说开头和结尾出现，但是却发挥着非常重要的作用。

本文将在前人研究的基础上分析曼诺林在《老人与海》中的作用，并且对曼诺林这一人物进行价值分析和深层意蕴的解析。

关键词：

曼诺林；老人；《老人与海》

StudyonthecharacterofManolininTheOldManandthesea

Abstract:

TheOldmanandtheSeaisoneofthemostfamousnovelswrittenbytheAmericanwriterErnestHemingway.Thewarriorspiritofneveryieldingandpositiveoptimisticattitudetowardslifemakethisbookenduringformanyyears.Manolinonlycomesintosightatthebeginningandattheendofthenovel,butthelittleboyhasaveryimportantrole.Basedontheresultsofexistingstudies,thisthesiswillanalyzetheroleofManolin,inaddition,engageinthevalueanalysisandthedeepmeaninginterpretation.

Keywords:

Manolin;theoldman;TheOldManandtheSea

1Introduction

ErnestHemingway（1899-1961）,anoutstandingnovelistofAmerica,hasbeenregardedasagiantnotonlyinAmericanliteraturebutalsotheworldliterature.Hisstylewastheparticulartypeofheroinhisnovels,andhisideaswerewidelyrecognizedandimitatedinEnglish-speakingcountriesandevenallovertheworld.TheOldManandtheSeastoodoutasoneoftheexcellentbooksbecauseofitsvividcharacterizationandsimplelanguage.HemingwaywonthePulitzerPrizefor fictionin1952,andwontheNobelPrizeforLiteraturetwoyearslater. ItwasashortnovelabouttheoldmancalledSantiago,anoldCubanfisherman.Hefishedintheseafor84dayswithoutcatchingafish.AboycalledManolinsailedwithhiminthepast,buthewasforcedtoleavehimandfishedinanotherboat.Theoldmanstucktofishingbyhimselfandintheend,hehookedthelargestgiantmarlinhehadeverknown.Butthebigfishwassounrulyandpowerful.Itdraggedtheoldmanandhisboatfor48hours.Theoldmanatelittlefoodandlackedofsleep,sohehadtobearthepainandfoughtagainsthiscrampedfingers.Tohisgreatexcitement,hesucceededtoweakenthefishtothesurfaceandharpooneditonhisthirddayatsea.Hewhippedthemarlinalongsidehisboatonhiswayhomebecauseitwassobigthattheoldmanwasdifficulttopullintotheboat.Butthegiantmarlinwasunwillingtosubmittoauthority,unfortunately,theoldmanfoundahugemarlin’sskeletonleftafterhishardwork.Atlast,Santiagolostwhathehadfoughtfor,sohecontinuedtotheseaandfoughtagainsttheshack.Hesleptverywell,dreamingofthelionsandAfricaagain.Hisbattlewonmuchrespect.

Inthisnovel,thereweretwomaincharacters.TheoldandlonelymancalledSantiagowaswise,experienced,braveandoptimistic.ThemostimpressivecharacterofSantiagowashisinsistenceandtoughnessbecauseofhisfightingagainstthemarlinandsharks.AlittleboycalledManolinwaskindandnice.AlthoughHemingwaydidn’tdescribetheroletoomuch,Manolinwasaveryimportantrole.

2LiteratureReview

TheOldManandtheSeawasverypopularintheAmericanliterature.Studiesonithavedevelopedintodifferentbranches,suchas:

symbolism,toughman,icebergprinciple,andsoon.ButthestudyonManolinwasminimal.Itseemedthathisrolewasunimportantandunrelatedtothenovelonthesurface.Asamatteroffact,theappearanceofManolinwasverymeaningfulaccordingtohisroleinthework.AndamongallthosestudiesonManolininTheOldManandtheSea,themainviewpointscanbesummarizedasthefollowingthreeparts.

TheOldManandtheSeawastheperfectexpressionofHemingway’squalityofgraceunderpressure.InYangYuanteng’sstudy（2009:

35）,shepointedoutthatHemingwaydescribesthebackgroundofthestorywhenManolinleavestheoldmantoshowpressure.ShealsopointedoutthatHemingwaydescribesseveraldetailsunderthepressuretoshowthegrace.

Otherscholarshavealsostudiesthetheme.Forinstance,WangFeng（1999:

59）pointedoutfourlevelsofpressure.Firstwastheheavypressure.TheoldmansailedwithManolineveryday,butitwasquite“unlucky”becausetheydidnotcatchanyfishformorethan40days,sothiswasthefirstdegreeofpressure.Atthistime,Manolin’sparentsforcedManolintoleavetheoldmanandManolinwascaughtinanotherboat,thustheoldmanwasaloneinhisownboat,whichwasasymbolofhisfailure.Tthesecondlevelofpressurewasfailureandlonelinessevidently.Manolinkeptcompanywiththeoldman,andthedepartureofManolinatthismiserablemomentwasaheavyblowtotheoldmanoutofquestion.Moreover,theoldmandidnotcatchanyfishfor44daysaftertheboy’sleaving,whichmadeahopelessfeeling.Thiswasthethirdlevelofpressure.Ontheotherhand,inthefirstweektheboyhadgonetotheotherboatandcaughtthreegoodfish,sotheoldman’spitifullifeandthelittleboy’spitifullifecouldformastarkcontrast.Thelittleboyfollowedtheoldmanfor40days,buttheydidn’ttakeafish.Therewasnodoubtthattheoldmanwasunluckyaccordingtothefishermen’sopinion.Itwasalmostputhimintodespairundoubtedly.Thepressureforcedtheoldmanto“gofartofish”,sotheyhadthefollowingexperience.

AccordingtoXuJing（2009:

97）,thethemeofthisnovelwastodescribeHemingway’sgraceunderpressure.ThethemewasunfoldedbyManolin.Manolinwasapartoftheoldman’slifebothmateriallyandspiritually.Santiagowasalmostindependentfromthesocialexistence,soManolinbecametheoldman’svoice.

Gracewasnotasimplething.Gracewasalwaysreflectedinpeople’sbehaviorsoninnerandouterespeciallywhentheywereintrouble.Inthisnovel,Manolinrepresentedtheoldman’sgracebyanimportantway.GregoryStephensandJaniceCools（2013:

79）definedtherelationshipbetweenSantiagoandManolin:

hopeandconfidence.BoththeoldmanandManolindrawontheirmemoriesofthisexperiencetomaintainapositiveoutlook.Manolinlefttheoldmanandgotsuccessfulinanotherboat.Ifthishappenedtoothers,eveniftheydidnothateManolin,itwasnormalthattherewasanunbalanceintheirheart.ButtheoldmanunderstoodManolinverymuch.Besides,Manolinhelpedtheoldmanhaulhisgearhomeandboughthimacupofbeer,whichtheoldmanacceptedgracefullyasanaturaloffer.

QiuShifengandYangRuping（2013:

42）pointedoutthattheoldmanhadaself-confidentandoptimisticlifeattitude.Actuallytheoldmandidn’twantManolintoleavehimselfatall.Butwhentheboyrequestedtogobacktotheboatalone,theoldmanrefused.Manolininsistedhisthought,sotheoldmanacceptedhimcalmlyandthenplannedtheirnextactions.YangRenjing（2014:

187）relatedthattheoldmanbelongsthethird“toughguy”inHemingway’snovels.Thestruggleoftheoldmanwastorevealthestrongspiritwithwhichlaboringpeopledaredtofightregardlessoffailureanddefeat.IthelpedtomakeManolinriseandwantedtobecomethepersonlikeSantiagowhichhadhumilityasanessentialcomponentofmaturemasculinegrace.

TherewerealsoscholarswhostudythecharacterofManolin.TheybelievedHemingway’sdescriptionoftheboy’spersonalitywasactuallyacomplementtoperformtheoldman’scharacter.YangJianzhong（2006:

99）pointedoutthattherewasahelpfulnewfeelingofhumancontinuityandgrowthforthefuture.Manolinactuallybecamethesuccessoroftheoldman,symbolizinghopeandvitalityforthefuture.

MaXiuli、WangYanhongandWangFang（2008:

109）relatesaspecific:

Manolinwasyoungandalwayseagertosleep.Whenhewentoutofthedoor,hewantedtosleepverymuchaftertheoldmanwokehimup.Manolinhadtofacethehardshipofthelife.Heregardeditaswhatamanmustdosohehadalreadybeenaccustomedtotheresponsibilityoflife.ChenSigen（2013:

44）alsopointedoutthatthebehaviorofManolinwasaninheritanceoftheheroismoftheoldman.TheoldmancanseetheinfluenceofhimselfonManolin.Manolnbecamegettingmaturebecauseoftheeffectoftheoldman’sgoodquality.

TheimageoftheoldmanwasentirebecauseManolinwasarrangedpurposelybytheauthorandHemingwaydescribedhiminmanydetails.Sothegraceoftheoldmanbecamemorelivingandlivelybecauseoftheexistenceofthelittleboy.ZhouYupingandLvHui（2006:

37）pointedoutthattheappearanceofMaolinstrengthenedthelonelyawarenessofthenovel.Attheendofthenovel,Manolindecidedtoreturntotheoldmanandtheoldmanwaswillingtoexplorewithhim.InBaiJingpeng’sstudy（1992:

49）,hethoughtthehopeoftheoldmanwasjustManolininanewlife.Itshowedanoptimistictendency.Theboy’sreturnenrichedthecontentofthenovel,soreaderscouldexploredtheideaandunderstoodthemeaningoftheworkeasily.

AllthesestudieslistedaboverevealdifferentviewsonManolininTheOldManandtheSea.Untilnow,althoughwehaveobtainedsomegreataccomplishmentsinthestudyofManolin,theimageofManolinandhisrolesinthenovel,eachstudystillhasitslimitations.AlltheresearchesfocusedontheroleofManolinhimself.IftherecouldbemoreemotionsanddeepmeaningsaboutManolin,theanalysiswouldbericherandconvincing.

3DeepmeaningofManolininTheoldManandtheSea

InthemasterpieceTheOldManandtheSea,theroleofManolinwasnotdispensableinthisnovel.Itreflectedthewriter’soriginality.Manolinhadaveryimportantimpactonthenovel.Thelittleboydidn’tappearinthemiddleofthenovel,butreaderscouldfeelhisrealexistencethroughoutthewholenovel.

3.1TheSymbolofYouthandDreams

Hemingwaywasfamousbecausehewashonoredasaheroinhishometown.Hisbestwork,TheSunAlsoRises,canberegardedastheproclamationofthe“LostGeneration”.Butlater,Hemingwaygotthepainoffailurebecauseofhisdecliningcreativityanddisea