最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案.docx

最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案.docx

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最新高考英语阅读理解精选及答案

最新高考英语阅读理解精选及答案

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．（2019•浙江）阅读理解

   Californiahaslosthalfitsbigtreessincethe1930s,accordingtoastudytobepublishedTuesdayandclimatechangeseemstobeamajorfactor（因素）.

   Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests,thenewstudyfinds.Noareawassparedorunaffected,fromthefoggynortherncoasttotheSierraNevadaMountainstotheSanGabrielsaboveLosAngeles.IntheSierrahighcountry,thenumberofbigtreeshasfallenbymorethan55percent;inpartsofsouthernCaliforniathedeclinewasnearly75percent.

   Manyfactorscontributedtothedecline,saidPatrickMclntyre,anecologistwhowastheleadauthorofthestudy.Woodcutterstargetedbigtrees.Housingdevelopmentpushedintothewoods.AggressivewildfirecontrolhasleftCaliforniaforestscrowdedwithsmalltreesthatcompetewithbigtreesforresources（资源）.

   ButincomparingastudyofCaliforniaforestsdoneinthe1920sand1930swithanotheronebetween2001and2010,Mclntyreandhiscolleaguesdocumentedawidespreaddeathofbigtreesthatwasevidenteveninwildlandsprotectedfromwoodcuttingordevelopment.

   Thelossofbigtreeswasgreatestinareaswheretreeshadsufferedthegreatestwatershortage.Theresearchersfiguredoutwaterstresswithacomputermodelthatcalculatedhowmuchwatertreesweregettingincomparisonwithhowmuchtheyneeded,takingintoaccountsuchthingsasrainfall,airtemperature,dampnessofsoil,andthetimingofsnowmelt（融雪）.

   Sincethe1930s,Mclntyresaid,thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair,andearliersnowmelt,whichreducesthewatersupplyavailabletotreesduringthedryseason.

（1）Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?

A. Theseriousnessofbig-treelossinCalifornia.

B. TheincreasingvarietyofCaliforniabigtrees.

C. ThedistributionofbigtreesinCaliforniaforests.

D. TheinfluenceoffarmingonbigtreesinCalifornia.

（2）Whichofthefollowingiswell-intentionedbutmaybebadforbigtrees?

A. Ecologicalstudiesofforests.                           

B. Banningwoodcutting.

C. Limitinghousingdevelopment.                      

D. Firecontrolmeasures.

（3）WhatisamajorcauseofthewatershortageaccordingtoMclntyre?

A. Inadequatesnowmelt.                                     

B. Alongerdryseason.

C. Awarmerclimate.                                            

D. Dampnessoftheair.

（4）Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A. California'sForests:

WhereHaveAlltheBigTreesGone?

B. CuttingofBigTreestoBeProhibitedinCaliforniaSoon.

C. WhyAretheBigTreesImportanttoCaliforniaForests?

D. PatrickMclntyre:

GrowMoreBigTreesinCalifornia

【答案】

（1）A

（2）D

（3）C

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题，探讨出现这一现象的原因。

（1）段落大意题。

第二段第一句Thenumberoftreeslargerthantwofeetacrosshasdeclinedby50percentonmorethan46,000squaremilesofCaliforniaforests为主题句，意思是：

在4.6万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中，直径超过2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50%。

所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况，故答案为A。

（2）细节理解题。

题干中的well-intentioned意为“好意的”。

根据第三段描述：

伐木者对大树的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少的原因。

控制野火的初衷是保护森林，但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。

故答案为D。

（3）细节理解题。

将watershortage 定位在第五段，而Mclntyre在最后一段，根据 thebiggestfactorsdrivingupwaterstressinthestatehavebeenrisingtemperatures,whichcausetreestolosemorewatertotheair可知，导致水源紧张的是上升的温度，造成树木将更多的水分散失到空气中。

故答案为C。

（4）主旨大意题。

文章的第一句是本文的主题句，文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展开，对大树数量减少的原因进行研究。

故答案为A。

【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章，文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。

阅读是紧扣主旨，快速浏览文章内容。

答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息。

2．（2019•天津）阅读理解

   WouldyouBETonthefutureofthisman？

Heis53yearsold.Mostofhisadultlifehasbeenalosingstruggleagainstdebtandmisfortune.Awarinjuryhasmadehislefthandstopfunctioning,andhehasoftenbeeninprison.Drivenbyheaven-knows-whatmotives,hedeterminestowriteabook.

   Thebookturnsouttobeonethathasappealedtotheworldformorethan350years.ThatformerprisonerwasCervantes,andthebookwasDonQuixote（《堂吉诃德》）.Andthestoryposesaninterestingquestion:

whydosomepeoplediscovernewvitalityandcreativitytotheendoftheirdays,whileothersgotoseedlongbefore？

   We'veallknownpeoplewhorunoutofsteambeforetheyreachlife'shalfwaymark.I'mnottalkingaboutthosewhofailtogettothetop.Wecan'tallgetthere.I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.

   Mostofus,infact,progressivelynarrowthevarietyofourlives.Wesucceedinourfieldofspecializationandthenbecometrappedinit.Nothingsurprisesus.Weloseoursenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolean,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.

   Thethingswelearninmaturityseldominvolveinformationandskills.Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus-anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.

   Withhighmotivationandenthusiasm,wecankeeponlearning.Thenwewillknowhowimportantitistohavemeaninginourlife.However,wecanachievemeaningonlyifwehavemadeacommitmenttosomethinglargerthanourownlittleegos（自我）,whethertolovedones,tofellowhumans,towork,ortosomemoralconcept.

   Manyofusequate（视……等同于）"commitment"withsuch"caring"occupationsasteachingandnursing.Butdoinganyordinaryjobaswellasonecanisinitselfanadmirablecommitment.Peoplewhoworktowardsuchexcellencewhethertheyaredrivingatruck,orrunningastore-maketheworldbetterjustbybeingthekindofpeopletheyare.They'velearnedlife'smostvaluablelesson.

（1）ThepassagestartswiththestoryofCervantestoshowthat_________.

A. lossoffreedomstimulatesone'screativity

B. ageisnotabarriertoachievingone'sgoal

C. miseryinspiresamantofightagainsthisfate

D. disabilitycannotstopaman'spursuitofsuccess

（2）WhatdoestheunderlinedpartinParagraph3probablymean？

A. Endone'sstruggleforliberty.                          B. Wasteone'senergytakingrisks.

C. Misstheopportunitytosucceed.                   

D. Losetheinteresttocontinuelearning.

（3）WhatcouldbeinferredfromParagraph4?

A. Thosewhodaretotryoftengetthemselvestrapped.

B. Thosewhotendtothinkbackcanhardlygoahead.

C. Opportunityfavorsthosewithacuriousmind.

D. Opportunityawaitsthosewithacautiousmind.

（4）WhatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinParagraph5?

A. Atoughmancantoleratesuffering.

B. Awisemancanlivewithoutself-pity.

C. Amanshouldtrytosatisfypeoplearoundhim.

D. Amanshouldlearnsuitablewaystodealwithlife.

（5）Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthepassage?

A. Toprovideguidanceonleadingameaningfuladultlife.

B. Tostresstheneedofshoulderingresponsibilitiesatwork.

C. Tostatetheimportanceofgeneratingmotivationforlearning.

D. Tosuggestawayofpursuingexcellenceinourlifelongcareer.

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）C

（4）D

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。

（1）考查推理判断。

第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作《唐吉柯德》，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“I'mtalkingaboutpeoplewhohavestoppedlearningongrowingbecausetheyhaveadoptedthefixedattitudesandopinionsthatalltoooftencomewithpassingyears.”可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知runoutofsteam可知，停止学习，故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“welosethesenseofwonder.But,ifwearewillingtolearn,theopportunitiesareeverywhere.”可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中的“Welearntobearwiththethingswecan'tchange.Welearntoavoidself-pity.Welearnthathowevermuchwetrytoplease,somepeoplearenevergoingtoloveus—anideathattroublesatfirstbutiseventuallyrelaxing.”可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。

（5）考查主旨大意。

本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Positivethinkingisasignificantelementofhappiness.Inordertobecomeapositivethinker,determinationandconsistencyareimportant.Thefirstthingtoknowaboutpositivethinkingisthateveryonecandoit. Withcertaincognitive（认知的）andbehavioralchanges,wecanallbecomepositivethinkers.Anotherimportantfactoristhatbeingapositivethinkerdoesnotmeanyoubecomenumbtoanythingthatisnotworkingproperlyinyourlifeorisnegative-itjustmeansthatyouapproachlifeandfacechallengeswithahealthieroutlook.

   Insteadofselectivelyattendingtonegativeevents,focusonthepositiveones.Thenpayattentiontothedelayedconsequencesofyourbehaviorratherthantheimmediateones.Forexample,ifajobisnotgoinglikeyouwant,focusonthefactthatyouhaveajobandhowyoucantakeyourtimetomakethesituationbetter.

   Challengeanyinternalattributionsandseeifyoucompareyourbehaviortostandardsthatareexcessivelyrigidandperfectionistic.Ifso,changetheseandbereasonablewithyourcomparisons.Forexample,ifyouconstantlycompareyourweaknesseswithotherpeople'sstrengths,thenswitchthisandcompareyourselfwiththosewhoaredoingpoorerthanyouaswell.Overall,peoplewhofocusmoreontheirstrengthsthantheirweaknessesbutatthesametimeareawareoftheirweaknesseshaveahealthierself-evaluationresult.

   Whenfacedwithtoomuchfear