最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案.docx

1、最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案最新 高考英语 阅读理解精选及答案一、高中英语阅读理解1（2019浙江）阅读理解 California has lost half its big trees since the 1930s, according to a study to be published Tuesday and climate change seems to be a major factor（因素）. The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46

2、, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of sou

3、thern California the decline was nearly 75 percent. Many factors contributed to the decline, said Patrick Mclntyre, an ecologist who was the lead author of the study. Woodcutters targeted big trees. Housing development pushed into the woods. Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests cr

4、owded with small trees that compete with big trees for resources（资源）. But in comparing a study of California forests done in the 1920s and 1930s with another one between 2001 and 2010, Mclntyre and his colleagues documented a widespread death of big trees that was evident even in wildlands protected

5、 from woodcutting or development. The loss of big trees was greatest in areas where trees had suffered the greatest water shortage. The researchers figured out water stress with a computer model that calculated how much water trees were getting in comparison with how much they needed, taking into ac

6、count such things as rainfall, air temperature, dampness of soil, and the timing of snowmelt（融雪）. Since the 1930s, Mclntyre said, the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatures, which cause trees to lose more water to the air, and earlier snowmelt, which reduc

7、es the water supply available to trees during the dry season.（1）What is the second paragraph mainly about? A.The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.B.The increasing variety of California big trees.C.The distribution of big trees in California forests.D.The influence of farming on big trees i

8、n California.（2）Which of the following is well-intentioned but may be bad for big trees? A.Ecological studies of forests.B.Banning woodcutting.C.Limiting housing development.D.Fire control measures.（3）What is a major cause of the water shortage according to Mclntyre? A.Inadequate snowmelt.B.A longer

9、 dry season.C.A warmer climate.D.Dampness of the air.（4）What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Californias Forests: Where Have All the Big Trees Gone?B.Cutting of Big Trees to Be Prohibited in California Soon.C.Why Are the Big Trees Important to California Forests?D.Patrick Mclntyre: Grow More

10、 Big Trees in California【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）C（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文属于议论文，围绕加利福尼亚的大树从20世纪30年代以来大量减少为主题，探讨出现这一现象的原因。 （1）段落大意题。第二段第一句 The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests 为主题句，意思是：在4.6万平方英里的加利福尼亚的森林中，直径超过2英尺的树木的数量已经减少了50

11、%。所以本段主要介绍加州的树木损失的严重情况，故答案为A。（2）细节理解题。题干中的 well-intentioned 意为“好意的”。根据第三段描述：伐木者对大树的砍伐、住房向森林里推进、对野火的控制使得小树与大树竞争资源都是导致大树减少的原因。控制野火的初衷是保护森林，但是却导致大树得不到足够的资源而死亡。故答案为D。（3）细节理解题 。将 water shortage 定位在第五段，而 Mclntyre 在最后一段，根据 the biggest factors driving up water stress in the state have been rising temperatur

12、es, which cause trees to lose more water to the air 可知，导致水源紧张的是上升的温度，造成树木将更多的水分散失到空气中。故答案为C。（4）主旨大意题。文章的第一句是本文的主题句，文章围绕加利福尼亚大量的大树死亡展开，对大树数量减少的原因进行研究。故答案为A。【点评】本文属于生态环保类文章，文章的首段第一句即为本文的主题句。阅读是紧扣主旨，快速浏览文章内容。答题时注意根据问题中的关键词在文章中定位，然后分析关键词所在句子的信息。2（2019天津）阅读理解 Would you BET on the future of this man？He is

13、 53 years old. Most of his adult life has been a losing struggle against debt and misfortune. A war injury has made his left hand stop functioning, and he has often been in prison. Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines to write a book. The book turns out to be one that has appealed to t

14、he world for more than 350 years. That former prisoner was Cervantes, and the book was Don Quixote（堂吉诃德）. And the story poses an interesting question: why do some people discover new vitality and creativity to the end of their days, while others go to seed long before？ Weve all known people who run

15、out of steam before they reach lifes halfway mark. Im not talking about those who fail to get to the top. We cant all get there. Im talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years. Most of

16、 us, in fact, progressively narrow the variety of our lives. We succeed in our field of specialization and then become trapped in it. Nothing surprises us. We lose our sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to lean, the opportunities are everywhere. The things we learn in maturity seldom involve in

17、formation and skills. We learn to bear with the things we cant change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love us-an idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxing. With high motivation and enthusiasm, we can keep on learn

18、ing. Then we will know how important it is to have meaning in our life. However, we can achieve meaning only if we have made a commitment to something larger than our own little egos（自我）, whether to loved ones, to fellow humans, to work, or to some moral concept. Many of us equate（视等同于）commitment wi

19、th such caring occupations as teaching and nursing. But doing any ordinary job as well as one can is in itself an admirable commitment. People who work toward such excellence whether they are driving a truck, or running a store-make the world better just by being the kind of people they are. Theyve

20、learned lifes most valuable lesson. （1）The passage starts with the story of Cervantes to show that_. A.loss of freedom stimulates ones creativityB.age is not a barrier to achieving ones goalC.misery inspires a man to fight against his fateD.disability cannot stop a mans pursuit of success（2）What doe

21、s the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean？ A.End ones struggle for liberty.B.Waste ones energy taking risks.C.Miss the opportunity to succeed.D.Lose the interest to continue learning.（3）What could be inferred from Paragraph 4? A.Those who dare to try often get themselves trapped.B.Those who

22、 tend to think back can hardly go ahead.C.Opportunity favors those with a curious mind.D.Opportunity awaits those with a cautious mind.（4）What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 5? A.A tough man can tolerate suffering.B.A wise man can live without self-pity.C.A man should try to satisfy

23、people around him.D.A man should learn suitable ways to deal with life.（5）What is the authors purpose in writing the passage? A.To provide guidance on leading a meaningful adult life.B.To stress the need of shouldering responsibilities at work.C.To state the importance of generating motivation for l

24、earning.D.To suggest a way of pursuing excellence in our lifelong career.【答案】 （1）B（2）D（3）C（4）D（5）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义。 （1）考查推理判断。第一段讲述塞万提斯一生不幸，负债累累，因为战争受伤左手残疾，同时还身陷囹圄，在53岁的时候决定写书，最终写出成名作唐吉柯德，根据后文可知，所有的困境都没有阻挡他的成功，年龄也是如此，故选B。 （2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Im talking about people who have

25、stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years.”可知，作者谈论的不是那些没有到达巅峰的人，而是谈论那些不再学习成长的人，故可知run out of steam可知，停止学习，故选D。 （3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“we lose the sense of wonder. But, if we are willing to learn, the opportunities are

26、 everywhere.”可知，我们失去了好奇感，但是如果我们愿意学习，机会无处不在，故可知，机会总是留给那些好奇心的人，故选C。 （4）考查推理判断。根据第五段中的“We learn to bear with the things we cant change. We learn to avoid self-pity. We learn that however much we try to please, some people are never going to love usan idea that troubles at first but is eventually relaxi

27、ng.”可知，我们学会承受那些无法改变的事情，学会避免自怜，也学会了无论我们怎么去取悦别人，有些人是无法喜欢我们的，这个观点起初让我们苦恼，但是之后会让我们释怀，故可知，本段作者告诉我们要学会使用恰当的方式来对待生活，故选D。 （5）考查主旨大意。本文讲述要成功，就需要不断的学习，这样的生活才会有意义，故本文作者的目的是为了指导我们过一个有意义的成年人生活，故选A。 【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 Positive thinking is a signifi

28、cant element of happiness. In order to become a positive thinker, determination and consistency are important. The first thing to know about positive thinking is that everyone can do it. With certain cognitive (认知的) and behavioral changes, we can all become positive thinkers. Another important facto

29、r is that being a positive thinker does not mean you become numb to anything that is not working properly in your life or is negative - it just means that you approach life and face challenges with a healthier outlook. Instead of selectively attending to negative events, focus on the positive ones.

30、Then pay attention to the delayed consequences of your behavior rather than the immediate ones. For example, if a job is not going like you want, focus on the fact that you have a job and how you can take your time to make the situation better. Challenge any internal attributions and see if you comp

31、are your behavior to standards that are excessively rigid and perfectionistic. If so, change these and be reasonable with your comparisons. For example, if you constantly compare your weaknesses with other peoples strengths, then switch this and compare yourself with those who are doing poorer than you as well. Overall, people who focus more on their strengths than their weaknesses but at the same time are aware of their weaknesses have a healthier self-evaluation result. When faced with too much fear