英语高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析.docx

英语高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析.docx

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英语高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析

（英语）高考英语阅读理解试题经典及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?

Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?

You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."Iusedtoworkinschoolcateringandsawalotofmoneybeingthrownaway.Ithoughtthatwascriminal,soIdecidedtodosomethingaboutit,"saidItalianschoolchefTizianoVicentini.

   Now,Vicentinihasanamazingrangeofedibleplatesforschools.Theplatesaremadeoutofbreaddough,soyoucaneatthemafterwards."Thesedishescostafewpennieseachandareeithereatenbythekids,orgointorecyclingbinsforanimalfood,"explainedVicentini,50,ofMilan.Butnowothercompaniesaredevelopingedibleplates,too.TheEdible-PlateCompanyoffersedibleplates,bowls,traysandcups.Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.

   Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery（餐具）madefromcornandpotatostarch（淀粉）.Theseplateswillalsohelpreducetheamountofplastic;wecreate.Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.Andmanyshopsareofferingbiodegradableplasticbagsandeco-safepackagingontheirproducts.Tohelpmatters,theInternationalOrganizationforStandardization（theISO）hasalsodevelopedasystemtoevaluatethebiodegradabilityofproducts,withacertificationandlogoscheme,Meanwhile,howaboutaniceplateforlunch?

（1）Whichofthefollowingisnottheadvantageofedibleplates?

A. Theyareexpensive.                                          B. Theycandegradenaturally.

C. Theyareenvironmentally-friendly.                 

D. Theyaremadefromnaturalplant.

（2）Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

A. TizianoisfromGermany.                                 B. Edibleplatesareonlyusedforschoolcatering.

C. Cornandpotatostarchcanbeusedtomakecutlery.         

D. TheEdiblePlateCompanydoesn'tproduceediblebowls.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword"this"referto?

A. Theairpollution.                                              

B. Theediblecutlery.

C. Thetoxicgasescausedbytheburningofplastic.         

D. Thedamagetotheenvironmentcausedbyplasticwaste.

（4）Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

A. Themeasurestostopthepollution.               

B. Thewaystoreducetheplasticwaste.

C. Howtomakeedibleplatesfromnaturalplants..         

D. Theplatesolutiontoeatingandenvironmentalproblem.

【答案】

（1）A

（2）C

（3）D

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了饮食和环境的问题，并且提出了相应的解决方法。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Theirproductsareenvironmentally-friendly,100%biodegradableandcanbeusedforalltypesofcateringandhomeuse.Andthey'remadefromanaturalplant.Afteruse,theycanbefedtoanimalsorlefttodegradenaturally.”可知，“昂贵”不是edibleplates的优势。

故选A。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Theyalsohavearangeofcutlery（餐具）madefromcornandpotatostarch（淀粉）．”可知，玉米和马铃薯淀粉可用于制作餐具。

故选C。

（3）考查代词指代。

根据第三段中的“Wastefromplasticcausesalotofdamagetotheenvironment,aswellascostinggovernmentsmillionsmwastemanagement.Plasticbagsoftenendupinlandfillsitesoronthestreet.Andtheburningofplasticwastecausestoxicgasesthatpollutetheair.Inresponsetothis,governmentsaroundtheworldareintroducingtoughrecyclingregulations.”塑料垃圾对环境造成了很大的破坏，同时也给政府带来了数百万的垃圾管理。

塑料袋经常会出现在垃圾填埋场或街道上。

而燃烧的塑料垃圾会导致有毒气体污染空气。

作为对此的回应，世界各国政府正在出台严格的回收法规。

由此可知this指的是“塑料垃圾对环境造成的破坏。

”故选D。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Whenwasthelasttimeyouusedplasticplates?

Nexttime,whynottrysomeedibleones?

You'llhelptheenvironmentandyourguestswon'tgohungry."可知，本文讲述的是饮食和环境问题的解决方案。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断，代词指代和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   DogswerelivingascompanionstotheearlysettlersofNorthAmericaover10,000yearsago.TheoldestdomesticdogsintheAmericaswerethoughttobearound9500yearsold.AngelaPerriofDurhamUniversity,UK,andhercolleagueshavecarriedoutfreshradiocarbondatingonthetwodogskeletonsthatgavethisdate,discoveredintheprehistoricKostersiteinIllinois,andfoundtheywereevenolder:

around10,100yearsold.

   AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill,at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheyskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.TheStilwellIIdog,whichprobablyresembledasmallEnglishsettler,wasunderwhatseemedtobethefloorofalivingarea.ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.Bythistime,peoplewerealreadymovingintoNorthAmericafromSiberia;thereisevidencesomereachedChile18,500yearsago.Geneticistshavefoundsignsofatleastthreewavesofmigrationoverthefollowingmillennia.Thereisnoevidencethatdomesticdogsaccompaniedthem.“Wedon'tknowifdogswerepartofthefirstwavesofimmigrationtotheAmericas"saysLucJanssensofGhentUniversityinBelgium."Itcouldbeso,butnoarchaeologicalboneshaveyetbeenfound."Itis"overwhelminglyprobable"thatsomeoftheearlysettlersdidbringdogstotheAmericas,buttheymaynothavehad"thetimeorthespiritualcompulsiontoburythem",saysPatShipmanofPennsylvaniaStateUniversity.

（1）HowoldistheoldestknowndomesticdogintheAmericas7

A. About9500years.          

B. About10,100years.          

C. 10,190years.          

D. 18,500years.

（2）Theunderlinedword"butchered"inthefourthparagraphcouldbereplacedby.

A. killed                                B. bought                                C. trained                                D. raised

（3）WhatistheattitudetowardswhentamedogsarrivedintheAmericasinthelastthreeparagraphs?

A. Undoubted.                      

B. Unsure.                      

C. Indifferent.                      

D. Unconfident.

（4）Whatisthemaintopicofthispassage?

A. TheearliestdomesticdogintheAmericas.         

B. ThefirstdogarrivingintheAmericas.

C. HowdogsweredomesticatedintheAmericas.         

D. WhentheoldestdogwasfoundintheAmericas.

【答案】

（1）C

（2）A

（3）B

（4）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大概一万年以前就在北美成为人类伙伴的狗的种类。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“AthirddogfromanotherIllinoissitecalledStilwellIIwasolderstill,at10,190yearsold.ThatmakesittheoldestknowndomesticateddogintheAmericas.”可知，美洲最古老的家犬有10,190年。

故选C。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“Theteamconcludedthatallthreedogsweredomesticatedastheyskeletonswerecompleteandunskinned,andsohadn'tbeenbutcheredforfood.Theyhadalsobeencarefullyburied,evidencetheywerevaluedbytheirowners.”研究小组得出的结论是，这三种狗都是被驯化的，因为它们的骨骼是完整的，没有皮肤的，所以没有被宰杀作为食物。

他们也被仔细地埋葬了，证据表明他们是被主人重视的。

关键词buried，可知划线词的意思是“杀死”，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“ItisunclearwhyittooksolongfortamedogstoarriveintheAmericas,giventhattheyweredomesticatedatleast14,000yearsagoinEurasia.”可知，对到达美洲的驯服的狗态度是不确定。

故选B。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“DogswerelivingascompanionstotheearlysettlersofNorthAmericaover10,000yearsago.TheoldestdomesticdogsintheAmericaswerethoughttobearound9500yearsold.”可知，美洲有最早的家犬。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   NewSouthWales,Australia,issettingupcamerasaspartofanefforttoreducethenumberofpeoplepreoccupiedwithwirelessdeviceswhiletheydrive.Itwillbethefirstareaintheworldtousethetechnologytopunishdriversdistracted（分心）withtelephonecalls,socialmediaortextmessages.

   RoadSafetyexpertsareconcernedaboutthegrowingnumberofaccidentsinvolvingdriversusingsmartphonesonthestate'sroads.Theysaydriverswhousephoneswhiledrivinggreatlyincreasetheirchancesofbeinginvolvedinanaccident.

   TheNewSouthWalesgovernmentplanstoplace45MobilePhoneDetectionCamerasacrossthestatebyDecember.Eachphonedetectionunitcontainstwocameras.Onecameratakespicturesofavehicle'sregistrationplate（牌照）.Asecondcameralooksthroughthefrontwindowofacarortrucktoseewhatdriversaredoingwiththeirhands.

   Theunitsuseartificialintelligencetosetasidedriverswhoarenottouchingtheirphones.Humanbeingsthenconfirmifthepicturesshowillegalbehaviorbeforenoticeissenttothevehicle'sregisteredowner.Aviolation（违反）carriesfineof$232.Somecameraswillbepermanentlysetuponroadsides.Otherswillbemoved,fromtimetotime,aroundthestate.

   Twofixedcamerastookphotographsof8.5millionvehiclesaspartofasix-monthtestearlierthisyear.Thecamerastookphotosofmorethan100,000driverswiththeirhandsonphones.Onedriverwasusingaphoneandanotherelectronicdevice,anAppleiPad,atthesametime.Anotherdriverhadapassengerguidethevehiclewhiletheybothheldphones,thestategovernmentsaid.

（1）WhatistherealpurposetosetupcamerasinNewSouthWale?

A.Tokeeprecordsoftheaccidents.

B.Topromotethelatesttechnology.

C.Tofindillegalbehaviorofthedrivers.

D.Toforcedriverstofocusmoreondriving.

（2）Whatcanweinferfromtheroadsafetyexperts?

A.