法律英语沙丽金版阅读文本问题问题详解.docx

法律英语沙丽金版阅读文本问题问题详解.docx

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法律英语沙丽金版阅读文本问题问题详解

Law

1.What’stherelationshipbetweencivilizationandlaw?

Thefairnessofanation’slawsandtheextenttowhichthelegalsystemjustlyadministersthelawsisameasureoftheenlightenment,humanity,anddegreeofcivilizationofitspeople.

2.What’slaw?

Lawconsistsofthewholebodyofrulesappliedandenforcedundertheauthorityofestablishedgovernmentindeterminingwhatconductisproperandshouldbepermittedandthatwhichshouldbedeniedorpenalized.

3.Canyoulisttherolesoflawinsociety?

Withoutlaw,therewouldbeanarchy.Lawisthemeansthroughwhichsocietyisabletoexistbyprovidingprotectionfortheindividual;byestablishingandmaintainingorder,health,andsafety;byprovidingapeacefulmeansofdisputeresolution;byprovidingstabilityandflexibilityineconomicrelationsbetweenpeople;andbyprohibitingconductdestructivetosociety.

4.Howcanlawbebestunderstood?

Lawisbestunderstoodbyviewingthelegalsystemasaprocess——ameansofpullingtogethersociety’sneedsandgoalsandtranslatingthemintoguidesforfairnessandreasonablenessinconduct.

5.WhataretheeventsthatpromotethedevelopmentoftheEnglishlegalsystem?

NormanConquest.Williamreplacedthelocalandhighlyvariedsystemsoflawwithacommonsystemoflaw.

6.WhydidthepeopleinEnglandpetitiontotheKingandwhatwouldbetheresult?

Becauseoftheextremelyrigid,frequentlyoverlytechnicalproceduralrequirementsofthecommon-lawsystem,peopleweresometimesunabletoobtainfairreliefinthecourts.Intime,somepersonswhofeltthattheformofreliefwasinadequatepetitionedtotheKingdirectly.

Thispracticegaverisetoasecondcourtsystem,calledtheCourtofChancery.

7.WhatwasthesituationofequitycourtsinNorthAmerica?

Americancourtsystemsinthenineteenthcenturyresultedinsimplificationofjudicialproceduresandeliminationofequitycourtsasseparatecourtsinmoststates.

8.WasthestatutesdevelopedfastinNorthAmerica?

Why?

9.Whatarethedisadvantagesofstatuesandtheadvantagesofthecommonlawrules?

10.Whohasthepowertomaketheordinances?

Thelegislativebodyofamunicipalcorporation

LegalSystem

1.WhatistherelationshipbetweenthecivillawsystemandRomanLaw?

ThecivillawisbasedonRomanLaw.

2.WhoistheJustinianandwhatishiscontribution?

ByzantiumEmperor.Compilingcodesaftertheenthronement

3.WhichistheprimarysourceoflawinEurope,RomanLaworlocallaws?

Localcustoms

4.Whywastheconceptofcodificationdevelopedinthe17thand18thcenturies?

AsanexpressionofbothNaturalLawandtheideasoftheEnlightenment.

5.Whatdidtheopponentsofcodificationthinkaboutcodificationoflaw?

Itsopponentsclaimedthatcodificationwouldresultintotheossificationoflaw.

6.Whatisthemainfeatureofcommonlaw?

Itsinclusionofextensivenon-statutorylawreflectingprecedentderivedfromcenturiesofjudgmentsbyworkingjurists.

7.Whatisthedifferencebetweenstatutesandregulations?

Statuesareenactedbyalegislature,whileregulationsarepromulgatedbyexecutivebranchagenciespursuanttoadelegationofrule-makingauthorityfromalegislature.

8.Whereshouldpeoplegoiftheywantedtoapplyforinjunctionsbeforethe20thcentury?

Why?

Courtsofequity.Onlycourtsofequityhavetheauthoritytodoit.

9.Whatisthedifferencebetweentheselectionsofjudgesincivillawcountriesandthatincommonlawcountries?

Civillawjudgesareusuallytrainedandpromotedseparatelyfromadvocates,whereascommonlawjudgesareusuallyselectedfromaccomplishedandreputableadvocates.

10.Whatarethedifferencesinthecriminalproceduresofthetwomajorlegalsystems?

Ingeneral,thejudgeinacivillawsystemplaysamoreactiveroleindeterminingthefactsofthecase.Mostcivillawcountriesinvestigatemajorcrimesusingaso-calledinquisitorialsystem.Also,civillawsystemsrelymuchmoreonwrittenargumentthanoralargument.

CourtSystem

1.WhatisthemaincharacteristicofthecourtsystemoftheUnitedStates?

Courtsareoperatedinbothstateandfederalgovernments.

2.Arethereanyuniformrulesforcreatingstatecourts?

No.butithasageneralpattern.

3.Whatarethefunctionsoftheinferiorcourtsatthebottomofthestatejudicialhierarchy?

Tryingminorcivilcasesinvolvingsmallsumsofmoney,andminorcriminalcasesinvolvinglightpenaltiesandconducingpreliminaryhearingsinthemoreseriouscriminalcases.

4.Doallstateshavethesameterminologyforcourtsandjudges?

Pleasegiveexamples.

No.Forexamples,amanwhositsonthehighestcourtofNewJerseyiscalledajusticeofthesupremecourtofthatstate,whileamanwhoholdsanequivalentpositioninNewYorkiscalledajudgeofthecourtofappeals.

5.Whatarethedutiesofthejudg