江苏专版版高考英语考前保分训练专题3阅读理解第3节议论文练习牛津译林版.docx

江苏专版版高考英语考前保分训练专题3阅读理解第3节议论文练习牛津译林版.docx

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江苏专版版高考英语考前保分训练专题3阅读理解第3节议论文练习牛津译林版

第3节　议论文

题组训练一

1

话题：

一分钱硬币是否取消

难度：

★★

建议用时：

7分钟

Canadastoppedmakingpenniesin2012，andwithgoodreason.Coiningpenniesisamoney-losingbusiness，andpeopledon’treallyneedthemanymore.ThesameistrueintheUnitedStates.Itcosts$1.43toproduce100pennies.Lastyear，makingpenniescosttaxpayersalmost$39million.

Andforwhat？

Thefederalgovernmentmakesanddistributescoinstobenefitcommerce，butnotmuchcanbeboughtforlessthanfivecents.Thankstothemagicofinflation，whatcostapennyin1950requiresadimetoday.

Ineffect，removingthepennymeansallretail（零售）priceswouldendinzeroorfive.Somepriceswouldrisebyafewpennies；somewouldberoundeddown.Pricesthatendin99centsarecommon，andpennysupportershavearguedthatremovingpennieswouldamounttoaone-centsalestax.ButRobertWhaples，aneconomistatWakeForestUniversity，actuallyexaminedthisclaimbylookingatpricingdatafromachainofconveniencestores.Hereportedthatthesavingsfrompricesroundeddownwouldroughlyoffsetthecostofpricesroundedup.Indeed，consumersmightactuallybenefit.

YetAmericansliketheshinycoppers（铜币）.Ina2014poll,71percentofrespondentssaidtheydidpickuppennies.And43percentsaidtheywouldbe“disappointed”or“angry”ifthegovernmentstoppedmakingthembecauseAbrahamLincolnisonthefront.

MrPresident，however，doesnotnumberamongthesentimentalists.Hesaidin2017hesawnoreasontomakepennies.“It’soneofthosethingswhereIthinkpeoplegetattachedemotionallytothewaythingshavebeen，”hesaid.Healsoofferedwhatisprobablythebestexplanationforthecontinuedproductionofpennies：

Congressstrugglestoaccomplisheventhemostobvioustasks.

Thepenny，MrPresidentsaid，is“agoodmetaphor（隐喻）forsomeofthelargerproblemsthatwe’vegot”.Thegovernment，hesaid，hasapoortrackrecordof“gettingridofthingsthatdon’tworksothatwecantheninvestinthethingsthatdo”.

语篇解读　本文是一篇议论文。

既然一分钱硬币几乎没有实用价值，那为什么不取消呢？

文章探讨了其中的几个原因。

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.AmericawillfollowCanadatoremovethepenny.

B.MakingpenniesisfarfromunprofitableinAmerica.

C.Americaseemstobelosingthenecessitytomakepennies.

D.Thenegativeimpactofpenniesisoutweighingthepositiveone.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

根据第一段的内容，尤其是“Coiningpennies...peopledon’treallyneedthemanymore.ThesameistrueintheUnitedStates...million”可知，和在加拿大一样，在美国铸造一分钱硬币是一件赔钱的事情，并且人们已经不再需要它了。

每铸造100个一分钱硬币，就要耗费1.43美元。

去年，铸造一分钱硬币花费了纳税人近3900万美元。

这都说明，对美国而言，铸造这种硬币似乎没有必要了。

故选C。

2.Whydosomepeopledefendthepenny?

A.Toreducethesalestax.

B.Toexpresstheirloveofcoppers.

C.ToshowtheirrespectforLincoln.

D.Tomaintainthebenefitsofconsumers.

答案　D

解析　推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“Pricesthatend...pennysupportershavearguedthatremovingpennieswouldamounttoaone-centsalestax.”和“Indeed，consumersmightactuallybenefit.”可知，支持使用一分钱硬币的人士认为取消一分钱硬币会损害消费者的利益，也就是说他们维护一分钱硬币的目的是维护消费者的利益。

故选D。

3.WhatisMrPresident’sattitudetowardmakingpennies?

A.Negative.B.Positive.

C.Defensive.D.Objective.

答案　A

解析　观点态度题。

根据最后两段的内容，尤其是“hesawnoreasontomakepennies”“agoodmetaphor（隐喻）forsomeofthelargerproblemsthatwe’vegot”“hasapoortrackrecordof‘gettingridofthingsthatdon’tworksothatwecantheninvestinthethingsthatdo’”可知，总统先生曾表示，他觉得没有理由再铸造一分钱硬币了。

他还觉得一分钱硬币是“一个很好的隐喻，象征着我们存在的一些更大的问题”，而且在“去除已经没有用的东西，以便我们在可行的东西上进行投入”方面，政府做得很差。

由此可推知，总统先生对铸造一分钱硬币持消极态度。

故选A。

2

话题：

薯片分量减少

难度：

★★

建议用时：

7分钟

Thisisgoingtoruffleafewfeathers（激怒）.

PepsiCopurposelypacksfewerchipsintoitsflavoredchipbags，HughJohnston，thecompany’sCFO，toldtheAssociatedPress.“Theremightbeanounceortwolessinthosebags，”Johnstonsaid.Actually，it’shalfanounceless.RegularLay’saresoldin10-ouncebags；flavoredLay’saresoldin9.5-ouncebags；andbotharesoldforthesame$4.29price.Thatmightnotsoundlikealot，butitwillsoundlikealotwithabitofsimplemath.

Americansbuysome$1.6billionworthofLay’spotatochipseveryyear.Muchofthatissoldinbulk—ormerelyinbagsbiggerthanthestandardonesmentionedabove.Butlet’sassumeforasecondthatthose10-ouncebagsaretheonlyonesLay’ssells.Thatwouldmeanthecompanysellsmorethan372millionbagsofLay’sintheU.S.eachyear—or3.72billionouncesofchips，atabout43centsperounce.Itwouldalsomeanthatthathalf-ouncedifferenceisworthabout21.5centsperbag，andabout$80millionintotalperyear.

Thatnumberislikelyagooddeallower，butit’snotentirelyunreasonable.IfLay’sischarginganextrapaymentforthesmallerflavoredchipbags，it’slikelydoingthesameforthebiggerones，too.Thattinyhalf-ouncedifferencemightonlymeanapotatochiportwotoyou，butit’sprobablyworthtensofmillionsofdollarstoPepsiCoannually.

PepsiCoconfirmedthatflavoredandunflavoredLay’schipsaresoldforthesameprice，butnotinthesamequantity.“Thisallowsustokeepthesamepricepointacrossthebrand，”JeffDahnckesaidinane-mail.Healsosuggestedthatthechipdifferencehasnothingtodowithextraprofit.“Thereasonwhythereisaslightlyhigherpriceperounceforflavoredchipsistheaddedseasonings（调味品），”hesaid.Butthatdoesn’tappeartobethecase.

Someofthemark-upsaresimplymeanttomakeupfortheaddedinputcostsofcheese，barbecue，sourcreamandonion，andotherflavorings.Butsomeofthemarealsothere（ornotthere）toincreasethepotatochipmaker’sprofits.PepsiCohasasoftspotforitsspecialtypotatochips，becauseitsspecialtypotatochipsaremoreprofitablethanitsregularones，accordingtoJohnston.

Perha