数学符号和公式的英语读法.pdf

数学符号和公式的英语读法.pdf

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17.2.1999/H.ValiahoPronunciationofmathematicalexpressionsThepronunciationsofthemostcommonmathematicalexpressionsaregiveninthelistbelow.Ingeneral,theshortestversionsarepreferred（unlessgreaterprecisionisnecessary）.1.Logicthereexistsforallpqpimpliesq/ifp,thenqpqpifandonlyifq/pisequivalenttoq/pandqareequivalent2.SetsxAxbelongstoA/xisanelement（oramember）ofAx/AxdoesnotbelongtoA/xisnotanelement（oramember）ofAABAiscontainedinB/AisasubsetofBABAcontainsB/BisasubsetofAABAcapB/AmeetB/AintersectionBABAcupB/AjoinB/AunionBABAminusB/thedifferencebetweenAandBABAcrossB/thecartesianproductofAandB3.Realnumbersx+1xplusonex1xminusonex1xplusorminusonexyxy/xmultipliedbyy（xy）（x+y）xminusy,xplusyxyxovery=theequalssignx=5xequals5/xisequalto5x6=5x（is）notequalto51xyxisequivalentto（oridenticalwith）yx6yxisnotequivalentto（oridenticalwith）yxyxisgreaterthanyxyxisgreaterthanorequaltoyxyxislessthanyxyxislessthanorequaltoy0x1zeroislessthanxislessthan10x1zeroislessthanorequaltoxislessthanorequalto1|x|modx/modulusxx2xsquared/x（raised）tothepower2x3xcubedx4xtothefourth/xtothepowerfourxnxtothenth/xtothepowernxnxtothe（power）minusnx（square）rootx/thesquarerootofx3xcuberoot（of）x4xfourthroot（of）xnxnthroot（of）x（x+y）2xplusyallsquaredxy2xoveryallsquaredn!

nfactorialxxhatxxbarxxtildexixi/xsubscripti/xsuffixi/xsubinXi=1aithesumfromiequalsonetonai/thesumasirunsfrom1tonoftheai4.Linearalgebrakxkthenorm（ormodulus）ofxOAOA/vectorOAOAOA/thelengthofthesegmentOAATAtranspose/thetransposeofAA1Ainverse/theinverseofA25.Functionsf（x）fx/fofx/thefunctionfofxf:

STafunctionffromStoTx7yxmapstoy/xissent（ormapped）toyf0（x）fprimex/fdashx/the（first）derivativeoffwithrespecttoxf00（x）fdoubleprimex/fdoubledashx/thesecondderivativeoffwithrespecttoxf000（x）ftripleprimex/ftripledashx/thethirdderivativeoffwithrespecttoxf（4）（x）ffourx/thefourthderivativeoffwithrespecttoxfx1thepartial（derivative）offwithrespecttox12fx21thesecondpartial（derivative）offwithrespecttox1Z0theintegralfromzerotoinfinitylimx0thelimitasxapproacheszerolimx+0thelimitasxapproacheszerofromabovelimx0thelimitasxapproacheszerofrombelowlogeylogytothebasee/logtothebaseeofy/naturallog（of）ylnylogytothebasee/logtothebaseeofy/naturallog（of）yIndividualmathematiciansoftenhavetheirownwayofpronouncingmathematicalexpres-sionsandinmanycasesthereisnogenerallyaccepted“correct”pronunciation.Distinctionsmadeinwritingareoftennotmadeexplicitinspeech;thusthesoundsfxmaybeinterpretedasanyof:

fx,f（x）,fx,FX,FX,FX.Thedifferenceisusuallymadeclearbythecontext;itisonlywhenconfusionmayoccur,orwherehe/shewishestoemphasisethepoint,thatthemathematicianwillusethelongerforms:

fmultipliedbyx,thefunctionfofx,fsubscriptx,lineFX,thelengthofthesegmentFX,vectorFX.Similarly,amathematicianisunlikelytomakeanydistinctioninspeech（exceptsometimesadifferenceinintonationorlengthofpauses）betweenpairssuchasthefollowing:

x+（y+z）and（x+y）+zax+bandax+ban1andan1TheprimaryreferencehasbeenDavidHallwithTimBowyer,Nucleus,EnglishforScienceandTechnology,Mathematics,Longman1980.GlenAndersonandMattiVuorinenhavegivengoodcommentsandsupplements.3