污水处理英文文献4.pdf

污水处理英文文献4.pdf

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Desalination231（2008）20260011-9164/08/$Seefrontmatter2008ElsevierB.V.AllrightsreservedPresentedatThe4thIWAConferenceonMembranesforWaterandWastewaterTreatmentMay1517,2007,Harrogate,UK*Correspondingauthor.Upgradingandretrofittingofmunicipalwastewatertreatmentplantsbymeansofmembranebioreactor（MBR）technologyCh.Brepolsa,E.Dorgelohb,F.-B.Frechenc,W.Fuchsd,S.Haidere,A.Jossf,K.deKorteg,Ch.Ruikeng,W.Schierc*,H.vanderRoesth,M.Wetti,Th.WozniakjaErftverband,Bergheim,GermanybPrf-undEntwicklungsinstitutfrAbwassertechnik（PIA）anderRWTHAachen,GermanycDepartmentofSanitaryandEnvironmentalEngineering-DESEE,UniversityofKassel,GermanyTel.+49（561）8043817;Fax+49（561）8043642;email:

wernfried.schieruni-kassel.dedUniversityofNaturalResourcesandAppliedLifeSciencesVienna,DepartmentIFA-Tulln,InstituteforEnvironmentalBiotechnology,Tulln,AustriaeH2OfficeAbwassertechnik,Wien,AustriafEAWAGSwissFederalInstituteofAquaticScienceandTechnology,Duebendorf,SwitzerlandgDWRDienstWaterbeheerenRiolering,Amsterdam,TheNetherlandshDHVConsultancyandEngineering,Amersfoort,TheNetherlandsiSddeutscheAbwasserreinigungs-IngenieurGmbH,Ulm,Germanyjwwsconsulting,Reutlingen,GermanyReceived17May2007;acceptedrevised20November2007AbstractInthefuture,upgradingofexistingwastewatertreatmentplants（wwtps）willbecomethemorechallengingtaskthanerectionofwhollynewplants,asmostoftheplants（e.g.necessaryinGermany）doexistalready.Sincesometime,MBRtechnologyhasbeentakenintoconsiderationandhasbeenrealisedasanalternativeforwwtpupgrading.Thispapergivesanoverviewaboutsomerelevantpreconditions,basicupgradingconceptsandexamplesofalreadyupgradedwwtpsusingMBRtechnology.Keywords:

Municipalwastewatertreatment;Upgrading;MBRtechnologydoi:

10.1016/j.desal.2007.11.035Ch.Brepolsetal./Desalination231（2008）2026211.IntroductionManywwtpssufferfromaninadequateleveloftreatmentprovided.Thereareseveralreasonsfortheneedofretrofittedand/orupgradedequip-ment,suchasexpiryoflifespan,theincreaseofwastewaterfloworloadorhighertreatmentstan-dardsduetoachangeoflegalframework.Ingen-eral,nostandardsolutionsfortheupgradingofwastewatertreatmentsystemsareavailableandthetransferofacertainmeasurefromonecasetoanotherislimited.Infact,theoptimumanswerineachindividualcaseislargelysite-dependent.Accordingly,thereisabroadspectrumofmea-suresthatmightbeemployed.Inmostcasesitisnotasingularactiontobetaken,buttheupgrad-ingwillincorporateasetofdifferentinterlockingcomponentsbothatthedrainagesystemandthewastewatertreatmentplant.TheMBRprocessisanemergingadvancedwastewatertreatmenttechnologythathasbeensuccessfullyappliedataneverincreasingnum-beroflocationsaroundtheworld.Itinvolvesasuspendedgrowthactivatedsludgesystemthatutilizesmicroporousmembranesforsolid/liquidseparationasasubstituteoftheconventionalsec-ondaryclarifier.MBRtechnologyhasnotonlyattractedincreasinginterestforthesetupofnewwastewatertreatmentsystemsbutalsoithashighpotentiallookingatupgradingtasksofalreadyexistingwwtps.2.ConsiderationsforthechoiceofMBRtechnologySincemembranefiltrationallowsraisedsludgeconcentrations,theactivatedsludgetankvolumecanbesignificantlyreduced.Incombinationwiththeoptiontoconvertthesecondaryclarifier,thatisnolongerrequiredasasedimentationtank,asanadditionalactivatedsludgetank,thetreatmentcapacityoftheexistingplantcanbelargelyex-tended.Thatwayitispossibletoupgradeexist-ingwwtpsfromsimplecarbonremovaltoBNRsystemsjustusingthealreadyexistingvolume.ThereforefavourableconditionsforthechoiceofMBRtechnologyaregiven,whereretrofittingoftheexistingplantbytheconventionalactivatedsludge（CAS）processwoulddemandforsubstan-tialextensionoftheactivatedsludgevolume.Aswell,wherelimitationsduetoinsufficienteffi-ciencyofthesecondaryclarificationbasinexist,particularlyhowever,wherebothproblemshavetobesolved.MBRtechnologyshouldalsobeconsideredifhigheffluentcriteriasuchasremovalofsuspendedsolidsorabsenceofpathogenshavetobemet.Examplesaredischargeintosmallcreaksaswellasintobathingwaterorothersensitiveareas.DuetothesmallspacerequirementtheMBRoffersspecialadvantagesifthegivenlocationholdsnooronlyalimitedamountofareainre-serve.Moreover,thesmallfootprintallowsacom-pleteindoorinstallationinabuildingdesignedtoblendinwithitssurroundingenvironmentandsuchtoaddressissuesofvisualamenity,odourornoise.AnotherdistinctadvantageofMBRtechnol-ogyisdirectutilisationoftheeffluentforreusepurposes.Thewaterreusepotentialincludesirri-gationofagriculturalland,rechargeofaquifersorriverflowreplenishment.Onseveraloccasionsthiswasthemajordecisioncriteriatooptf