英语四级翻译总结.docx
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英语四级翻译总结
1.havedifficultyindoingsth.做某事有困难…
e.g.Becauseofthenoise,Nancyhadgreatdifficultyinfocusingherattentionontheexperiment.(201006)
e.g.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehaddifficultyincatchingupwithhisclassmatesinclass.(200906)
*havetroubleindoingsth.
*focusattentionon/concentrateon集中注意力于……
*catchupwith追上,赶上
2.take…intoaccount/consideration把…考虑在内;
e.g.Thefindingofthisstudyfailedtotakepeople’ssleepqualityintoaccount/consideration.(200706)
e.g.Thepublishinghousehastoconsider/takethepopularityofthefictionintoconsideration/account.(201112)
3.ismeasuredby/isdefinedby以……来衡量
e.g.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflifeismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanborrow.(200712)
e.g.Itisabsolutelywrongtodefine/measureone’shappinessonlybymoney.(201112)
4.not…until
e.g.Notuntilhefinishedhismissiondidherealizethathewasseriouslyill.(200806)
e.g.Theanti-virusagentwasnotknownuntiladoctordiscovereditbyaccident.(200812)
*直到……才,可以用notuntil和not…..until来表示。
注意的是notuntil在句首的时候引起倒装;
e.g.Themanagerneverlaughed;neitherdidshelosehertemper/didshebecomeangry.(201006)*neither开头,需要部分倒装,“did+主语+动词原形”;
*loseone’stemper/becomeangry发脾气
e.g.Theuniversityauthoritiesdidnotapprovetheregulation,neitherdidtheyexplain/accountforthereason/why.(201106)
*explain/accountfor说明
5虚拟语气
e.g.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Marywouldn’thavebeencaughtbytherain.(200906)
e.g.Youwouldnothavefailedifyouhadfollowedmyinstructions.(200912)
e.g.Janeistriedofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthatshewouldbedelegated/allocatedtoanothertask.(201106)
e.g.Lindacouldn’thavereceivedmye-mail;otherwise,shewouldhavereplied.(201112)
e.g.Itissuggestedthattheairconditionershouldbeinstalled/fixedbythewindow.(201006)
e.g.TheyrequestedthatbooksIborrowedshouldbereturnedtothelibrary.(201012)
e.g.Ican’tbootmycomputernow.Somethingmustbewrongwithitsoperatingsystem.(200806)*mustbe对现在发生事情的肯定推测
*musthavedone是对过去发生的事情的肯定推测
虚拟语气
1that从句中shoulddo的虚拟语气;
用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
这类词有insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desire,suggestion,proposal,order,plan,advice,idea,request,etc.
e.g.Wesuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputof
f.
e.g.Theyinsistedthattheboyshouldgowiththem.
e.g.Myideaisthatweshouldthinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.
e.g.Mysuggestionthatweshouldhaveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.
A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中,that后面的从句中的谓语动词用:
should+动词原形
B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中从句用(should)+动词原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.
C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..句型中从句也常用(should)+动词原型
It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.
2其他句型中
1.Itis(high/about)timethat…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形,should不能省略.
2.Ifonly引导的感叹句(要是...该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态
3.wouldrather+从句动词用过去式或过去完成时
4.asif(asthough)看起来常用虚拟形式,即表示与现在事实相反,用过去式;与过去事实相反用过去完成式(haddone).
3wish后面的宾语从句
一般虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
其位于动词形式为
表现在过去时
表过去过去完成时
表将来would,might,could+动词原形
IwishthatIwereabird.
IwishthatIhadseenthefilmlastnight.
IwishthatIwould\couldgo.
4if引导的虚拟语气
A与现在事实相反的假设
条件句if+主语+动词的过去式(动词be用were)
主句主语+should,would,might,could+动词原形
B与过去事实相反的假设
条件句if+主语+had+过去分词
主句主语+should,would,might,could+havedone
C与将来事实相反的假设
条件句if+主语+动词过去式
If+主语+wereto+动词原形
If+主语+should+动词原形
主句主语+should,would,might,could+动词原形
5.强调句
It’smymotherwhoencourages/keepsencouragingmenottoloseheart/giveupwhenIhavedifficultiesinmystudies.(201112)
Georgecalledhisbossfromtheairportbutitwashisassistantwhoanswered/pickedupthephone.(201106)
强调句
强调句结构itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分;
如果被强调部分指的是人,而且在句子中作主语成分,引导词只能用who;
Itis/was+sb.who+其他成分…
6.定语从句
e.g.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblemsthattheyhavenosolutionssofar.(200812)
e.g.ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSisthefield(where)wecancooperate/thefieldinwhichwecancooperate.(200706)
7.让步状语从句
Leavingone’sjob,nomatterwhatthejobis/whateverthejobis,isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.(200806)
Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,nomatterwhatkindofsacrificeIwillmake.(200712)
让步状语从句
“nomatter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……;不管……都……”,它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。
例如:
Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.(=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.)
Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.(=Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.
但“no