英语四级翻译总结.docx

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英语四级翻译总结.docx

英语四级翻译总结

1.havedifficultyindoingsth.做某事有困难…

e.g.Becauseofthenoise,Nancyhadgreatdifficultyinfocusingherattentionontheexperiment.(201006)

e.g.Soonafterhetransferredtothenewschool,Alifoundthathehaddifficultyincatchingupwithhisclassmatesinclass.(200906)

*havetroubleindoingsth.

*focusattentionon/concentrateon集中注意力于……

*catchupwith追上,赶上

2.take…intoaccount/consideration把…考虑在内;

e.g.Thefindingofthisstudyfailedtotakepeople’ssleepqualityintoaccount/consideration.(200706)

e.g.Thepublishinghousehastoconsider/takethepopularityofthefictionintoconsideration/account.(201112)

3.ismeasuredby/isdefinedby以……来衡量

e.g.ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflifeismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanborrow.(200712)

e.g.Itisabsolutelywrongtodefine/measureone’shappinessonlybymoney.(201112)

4.not…until

e.g.Notuntilhefinishedhismissiondidherealizethathewasseriouslyill.(200806)

e.g.Theanti-virusagentwasnotknownuntiladoctordiscovereditbyaccident.(200812)

*直到……才,可以用notuntil和not…..until来表示。

注意的是notuntil在句首的时候引起倒装;

e.g.Themanagerneverlaughed;neitherdidshelosehertemper/didshebecomeangry.(201006)*neither开头,需要部分倒装,“did+主语+动词原形”;

*loseone’stemper/becomeangry发脾气

e.g.Theuniversityauthoritiesdidnotapprovetheregulation,neitherdidtheyexplain/accountforthereason/why.(201106)

*explain/accountfor说明

5虚拟语气

e.g.Ifshehadreturnedanhourearlier,Marywouldn’thavebeencaughtbytherain.(200906)

e.g.Youwouldnothavefailedifyouhadfollowedmyinstructions.(200912)

e.g.Janeistriedofdealingwithcustomercomplaintsandwishesthatshewouldbedelegated/allocatedtoanothertask.(201106)

e.g.Lindacouldn’thavereceivedmye-mail;otherwise,shewouldhavereplied.(201112)

e.g.Itissuggestedthattheairconditionershouldbeinstalled/fixedbythewindow.(201006)

e.g.TheyrequestedthatbooksIborrowedshouldbereturnedtothelibrary.(201012)

e.g.Ican’tbootmycomputernow.Somethingmustbewrongwithitsoperatingsystem.(200806)*mustbe对现在发生事情的肯定推测

*musthavedone是对过去发生的事情的肯定推测

虚拟语气

1that从句中shoulddo的虚拟语气;

用于表示命令、建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

这类词有insist,order,command,suggest,advise,propose,require,request,demand,desire,suggestion,proposal,order,plan,advice,idea,request,etc.

e.g.Wesuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputof

f.

e.g.Theyinsistedthattheboyshouldgowiththem.

e.g.Myideaisthatweshouldthinkitoverbeforeacceptingit.

e.g.Mysuggestionthatweshouldhaveameetinghasbeenacceptedbyothers.

A.在句型“Itisimportant(necessary,strange,natural)that....”中,that后面的从句中的谓语动词用:

should+动词原形

B.在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中从句用(should)+动词原型Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.

C.在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..句型中从句也常用(should)+动词原型

It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.

2其他句型中

1.Itis(high/about)timethat…从句中的谓语动词用过去式或should+动词原形,should不能省略.

2.Ifonly引导的感叹句(要是...该有多好啊)表示现在的情况,应用过去式;如果是过去的情况,应用过去完成时态

3.wouldrather+从句动词用过去式或过去完成时

4.asif(asthough)看起来常用虚拟形式,即表示与现在事实相反,用过去式;与过去事实相反用过去完成式(haddone).

3wish后面的宾语从句

一般虚拟语气,表示一种不可能实现的愿望。

其位于动词形式为

表现在过去时

表过去过去完成时

表将来would,might,could+动词原形

IwishthatIwereabird.

IwishthatIhadseenthefilmlastnight.

IwishthatIwould\couldgo.

4if引导的虚拟语气

A与现在事实相反的假设

条件句if+主语+动词的过去式(动词be用were)

主句主语+should,would,might,could+动词原形

B与过去事实相反的假设

条件句if+主语+had+过去分词

主句主语+should,would,might,could+havedone

C与将来事实相反的假设

条件句if+主语+动词过去式

If+主语+wereto+动词原形

If+主语+should+动词原形

主句主语+should,would,might,could+动词原形

5.强调句

It’smymotherwhoencourages/keepsencouragingmenottoloseheart/giveupwhenIhavedifficultiesinmystudies.(201112)

Georgecalledhisbossfromtheairportbutitwashisassistantwhoanswered/pickedupthephone.(201106)

强调句

强调句结构itis/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分;

如果被强调部分指的是人,而且在句子中作主语成分,引导词只能用who;

Itis/was+sb.who+其他成分…

6.定语从句

e.g.Medicalresearchersarepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblemsthattheyhavenosolutionssofar.(200812)

e.g.ThepreventionandtreatmentofAIDSisthefield(where)wecancooperate/thefieldinwhichwecancooperate.(200706)

7.让步状语从句

Leavingone’sjob,nomatterwhatthejobis/whateverthejobis,isadifficultchange,evenforthosewholookforwardtoretiring.(200806)

Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,nomatterwhatkindofsacrificeIwillmake.(200712)

让步状语从句

“nomatter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”的含义为“……都……;不管……都……”,它们引导的让步状语从句可以互换。

例如:

Nomatterwhathappened,hewouldnotmind.(=Whateverhappened,hewouldnotmind.)

Nomatterwhoyouare,youmustkeepthelaw.(=Whoeveryouare,youmustkeepthelaw.

但“no

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