写作教程3unit1答案.docx

写作教程3unit1答案.docx

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写作教程3unit1答案

●PartAGRAMMAR

Subject-VerbAgreement

Subject-verbagreementisaverycomplicatedissueanditisnotourintentiontocoverallthegroundinthisunit.Whatweattempttodohereistobringstudents'attentiontosomepointsparticularlytrickyandletthemlearnbypractice.Themethodweuseinthegrammarsectionofthisbookisthediscoveryapproach--toletstudentsfindouttheirownanswers.Wehopethiscanraisestudents'interestinlearninggrammarandsharpentheirinductiveskills.

Thequestionofsubject-verbagreementisverycomplicated.Generallyspeaking,therearethreebasicprinciples:

grammaticalagreement,notionalagreement,andtheprincipleofproximity.Inhisunit,wearegoingtoapproachthisissueinfourcontexts:

Whenthesubjectiscompound

ReferencefortheClassroomActivities

Summary:

1.Acompoundsubjectwithandtakesapluralverbinmostcases,butwhenitexpressesasingularmeaningorwheneachofthesingularsubjectsisconsideredindividually,ittakesasingularverb.

2.Afteracompoundsubjectwithor,nor,either…or,neither…nor,not…but,theverbagreesinnumberandpersonwiththenearerpartofthesubject.

3.Interveningphrasesorclausesnotintroducedbycoordinatingconjunctionsdonotaffectthenumberofaverb.Suchphrasesarenormallyintroducedbyprepositionsorprepositionalphrasessuchaswellas,asmuchas,ratherthan,alongwithinadditionto,togetherwith,with,plus,andincluding.

Whenthesubjectexpressesquantity

ReferencefortheClassroomActivities

Allthesentencesarecorrect.

Summary:

1.Nominalphrasesoftime,money,weightandmeasurementnormallytakeasingularverb.

2.Somewordsorphrases,suchasall,most,half,thelast,therest,takeasingularorpluralverb,dependingonthemeaningofthenounorpronounthatfollows.

3.Phraseslikelotsof,heapsof,loadsoftakesingularorpluralverbsdependingontheformofthenounsthatfollow.

4.Insentenceswithmorethanoneormanyamodifyingthesubjectnouns,theverbshouldtakeasingularformthoughitispluralinmeaning.

Whenthesubjectisarelativepronoun,awhat-clause,orinthethere-bestructure

ReferencefortheClassroomActivities

1）.Hewasoneofthecandidateswhowereabletocarryouttheircampaignpledges.

Hewastheonlyoneofthecandidateswhowasabletocarryouthiscampaignpledges

2）.Whathewantsisjustalittlelovefromhisfosterparents.

Whatonethinksandsaysarenotalwaysthesame.

3）.Thereisacherrytreeandseveralorchidflowersinthegarden.

Therearehundredsofapplicantsonthewaitinglistforthejob.

Summary:

1.Afterarelativepronoun（who,which,that）,theverbhasthesamepersonandnumberastheantecedent.（InthesecondsentenceinPaira,theantecedentistheonlyone,notthecandidates.）

2.Afterawhat-clause,theverbisusuallysingular,.Butifthewhat-clauseisinacompoundstructurepluralinmeaning,theverbisinpluralform.

3.Inthethere-bestructure,theverbissingularorpluraldependingonthenumberofthesubject.Thesingularthereismaybeusedtointroduceacompoundsubjectwhenthefirstnounornominalphraseissingular.

Others

ReferencefortheClassroomActivities

1）.Nobodyintownadmitsseeinghim.

2）.Doesanyonewanttogowithme?

3）.Areanyofyougoingtotheexhibition?

4）.Noneworks/worksohardashedoes.

5）.Booksareherchiefsourceofenjoyment.

6）.Theonethingyoumustbereadyforistheirattemptstobreakupthemeeting

7）.Thejuryisfinallycomplete.

8）.ThejuryweredividedintheirOpinions.

9）.NewYorkTimesishisbible.

10）.Semanticsisthestudyofmeanings.

Summary:

1.Indefinitepronounssuchasanybody,anyone,each,everybody,nobody,noone,andsomebodygenerallyrequireasingularverb.

2.Thepronounsanyandnonetakeeithersingularorpluralverbs.

3.Thecomplementoftheverbbedoesnotaffectitsnumber.

4.Acollectivenountakesasingularverbwhentheclassitnamesisthoughtofasaunit,butapluralverbwhenthemembersoftheclassarethoughtofasindividuals.

5.Titlesofbooks,magazines,movies,newspapers,plays,andtheliketakeasingularverb.

6.Certainnounswhicharepluralinformbutsingularinmeaninggenerallytakeasingularverb.Someofthesearephysics,mechanics,news,statistics,andwhereabouts.

●PartBKeystotheFOLLOW-UPEXERCISES

1.1）.Thelittleboywaschicken-hearted.

2）.Thatstatesmanisarespectablefigureinthepoliticalarena.

3）.Wesatdownbytheoaktree,enjoyingthebreezecomingfromthelake

4）.Weneedtodrinkthemilkbeforeitsours.

5）.Thechildhaddifficultyfindinghiswaytoschool.

6）Theyoungwomanreceivedalotofflowersandgifts.

7）.MyfatherdrewbackthecurtainalittlelestIseehim.

8）.Ouruniversitycanaccommodate4,000students.

9）.Socialcusto