考研英语二真题及答案解析.docx

考研英语二真题及答案解析.docx

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考研英语二真题及答案解析考研英语二真题及答案解析2011年硕士研究生入学考试英语

（二）真题及参考答案SectionIUseofEnglishDirections：

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword（s）foreachnumberedblackandmarkA，B，CorDonANSWERSHEET1.（10points）TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers，ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas1acrosstheWeb.Canprivacybepreserved2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly3？

Lastmonth，HowardSchmidt，thenationscyber-czar，offeredthefederalgovernmenta4tomaketheWebasaferplace-avoluntarytrustedidentitysystemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey，afingerprintandaphotoIDcard，allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard，oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.Theideaisto8afederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould9whichsystemtojoin，andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriverslicense10bythegovernment.GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethesesinglesign-onsystemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.12.theapproachwouldcreateawalledgardenncyberspace，withsafeneighborhoodsandbrightstreetlightstoestablishasenseofa13community.Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasavoluntaryecosysteminwhichindividualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14，trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns.Still，theadministrationsplanhas16privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach；othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternetdriveslicensementality.Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts，whoworrythatthevoluntaryecosystemenvisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemselves，inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.1A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedD.ridden2A.forB.withinC.whileD.though3A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessD.helpless4A.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseD.proposal5A.informationB.interferenceC.entertainmentD.equivalent6A.byB.intoC.fromD.over7A.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.compared8A.dismissB.discoverC.createD.improve9A.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realize10A.relcasedB.issuedC.distributedD.delivered11A.carryonB.lingeronC.setinD.login12A.InvainB.IneffectC.InreturnD.Incontrast13A.trustedB.modernizedc.thrivingD.competing14A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience15A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across16A.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedD.united17A.frequestlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyD.eventually18A.skepticismB.releranceC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm19A.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableD.invisible20A.invitedB.appointedC.allowedD.forcedSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections：

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsaftereachtextbychoosingA，B，CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.（40points）Text1RuthSimmonsjoinedGoldmanSachssboardasanoutsidedirectorinJanuary2000：

ayearlatershebecamepresidentofBrownUniversity.Fortherestofthedecadesheapparentlymanagedbothroleswithoutattractingmucheroticism.Butbytheendof2009Ms.SimmonswasunderfireforhavingsatonGoldmanscompensationcommittee；howcouldshehaveletthoseenormousbonuspayoutspassunremarked？

ByFebruarythenextyearMs.Simmonshadlefttheboard.Thepositionwasjusttakinguptoomuchtime，shesaid.Outsidedirectorsaresupposedtoserveashelpful，yetlessbiased，advisersonafirmsboard.Havingmadetheirwealthandtheirreputationselsewhere，theypresumablyhaveenoughindependencetodisagreewiththechiefexecutivesproposals.Ifthesky，andthesharepriceisfalling，outsidedirectorsshouldbeabletogiveadvicebasedonhavingweatheredtheirowncrises.TheresearchersfromOhioUniversityusedadatabasehatcoveredmorethan10，000firmsandmorethan64，000differentdirectorsbetween1989and2004.Thentheysimplycheckedwhichdirectorsstayedfromoneproxystatementtothenext.Themostlikelyreasonfordepartingaboardwasage，sotheresearchersconcentratedonthosesurprisedisappearancesbydirectorsundertheageof70.Theyfountthatafterasurprisedeparture，theprobabilitythatthecompanywillsubsequentlyhavetorestateearningsincreasedbynearly20%.Thelikelihoodofbeingnamedinafederalclass-actionlawsuitalsoincreases，andthestockislikelytoperformworse.Theeffecttendedtobelargerforlargerfirms.Althoughaco