Liwei Jiao_ Benjamin M. Stone - 500 Common Chinese Proverbs and Colloquial Expressions_ An annotated frequency dictionary _ 俗语五百条.pdf

Liwei Jiao_ Benjamin M. Stone - 500 Common Chinese Proverbs and Colloquial Expressions_ An annotated frequency dictionary _ 俗语五百条.pdf

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500CommonChineseProverbsandColloquialExpressions500CommonChineseProverbsandColloquialExpressionsisadictionaryofkeyChineseproverbsorsuyu.SuyuarevividandcolorfulexpressionswidelyusedintheChineselanguage.ThesmoothuseofchengyuinChinesewritingandofsuyuinspokenChinesenotonlymakescommunicationmoreeffective,itisalsoanindicatorofmasteryofthelanguage.ThisdictionarywillprovideanidealresourceforallintermediatetoadvancedlearnersofChinese.Conciseandpractical,itdrawsuponalargecorpusofauthenticlanguagedatatopresent500ofthemostcommonlyusedChinesesuyu.Thesuyuarelistedandorganizedaccordingtotheirfrequency,enablingeasyandconvenientaccessforthereader.Eachproverblisting:

isgiveninbothsimplifiedandtraditionalcharactersoffersanEnglishtranslation,followedbyEnglishequivalentsisfollowedbytwoexamples,writteninChinese,PinyinandEnglish,plusexplanationsandusagenotes.Examplesaregivenintheformofdialoguesreflectingtypicalsituations,andhelpfulculturalannotationsareprovidedthroughout.APinyinindex,astrokeindexandaChinesewordindexarepresentedatthebackofthebookandaccompanyingaudioisalsoavailableforfreedownloadatbynativespeakersandcoveringthewholerangeofproverbs,expressionsandexamplesentencesfeaturedinthebook,thisinvaluableresourcewillhelpstudentstobuildupstrongcomprehensionandcommunicationskills.ThisdictionaryissuitablebothforclassroomuseandindependentstudyandwillbeofkeeninteresttostudentsandteachersofChinesealike.LiweiJiaoisLecturerinChineseattheUniversityofPennsylvania,USA.Hispublicationsinclude500CommonChineseIdioms:

AnAnnotatedFrequencyDictionary（co-authoredwithCorneliusC.KublerandWeiguoZhang,Routledge2011）andTheRoutledgeAdvancedChineseMultimediaCourse:

CrossingCulturalBoundaries（co-authoredwithKunshanCarolynLee,Hsin-hsinLiangandJulianK.Wheatley,Routledge2009）.BenjaminM.StoneisagraduatestudentattheUniversityofPennsylvania,USA.HepossessesextensiveexperienceintranslatingandinterpretingMandarinChineseinawidevarietyofprofessionalcontexts.“The500proverbsandcolloquialexpressionscollectedinthisbookprovideapreciouswindowonChineseculture,aswellasaninvaluableaidtolearningthelanguage.ThebookisanimmenselyusefulreferencetowardunderstandingtheChinesemind,forboththelearnerandtheteacher.”W.S.-Y.Wang,ProfessorEmeritus,UniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley;AcademicianofAcademiaSinica;EditoroftheJournalofChineseLinguistics“Thisisanextraordinarydictionarywithacreativeandeffectiveglossarythatincludesstylistic-registerusagesandhistoricalresources.Itiscomposed,forthefirsttime,byfirstrateexpertsinthefield.ThisdictionarywillservenotonlyforChineselearnersandteachers,butalsoprofessionalswhoareinterestedinChineseproverbs.”ProfessorShengliFeng,TheChineseUniversityofHongKong“ThisbookisavaluableresourceIwouldrecommendtoanyseriouslearnersofMandarinChineseatintermediatelevelorabove.Itisessentiallytwobooksinone:

withaPinyinindex,astrokeindex,andawordindex,thisisaneasy-to-usereferencedictionary,whilewithtwotypicalauthenticexamplesforeachofthe500suyuitemsinthedictionaryarrangedaccordingtotheirfrequencyofuse,includingtheirPinyinglosses,literaltranslations,functionaltranslationsaswellasusageguidesandculturalnotes,thebookprovidesanexcellentreadersuitableforindependentstudy.”DrRichardXiao,DirectorofLancasterUniversityConfuciusInstitute“Withcopiousexamplesandannotations,thiscollectionofcolourfulexpressionsisboundtobeanenrichingadditiontoanylearnerslibrary.”ProfessorZheng-shengZhang,EditoroftheJournaloftheChineseLanguageTeachersAssociation（JCLTA）500CommonChineseProverbsandColloquialExpressionsAnannotatedfrequencydictionaryLiweiJiaoandBenjaminM.StoneFirstpublished2014byRoutledge2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RNandbyRoutledge711ThirdAvenue,NewYork,NY10017RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness2014LiweiJiaoandBenjaminM.StoneTherightofLiweiJiaoandBenjaminM.Stonetobeidentifiedasauthorsofthisworkhasbeenassertedbytheminaccordancewithsections77and78oftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers.Trademarknotice:

Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregisteredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintenttoinfringe.BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationDataAcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibraryLibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationDataJiao,Liwei.500commonChineseproverbsandcolloquialexpressions:

anannotatedfrequencydictionary/LiweiJiao,BenjaminM.Stone.pagescmIncludesindex.1.Proverbs,Chinese.2.Chineselanguage-Termsandphrases.3.Chineselanguage-DictionariesEnglish.I.Stone,BenjaminM.,author.II.Title.III.Title:

FivehundredcommonChineseproverbsandcolloquialexpressions.PN6519.C5J542014398.9951-dc232013015161ISBN:

978-0-415-50148-4（hbk）ISBN:

978-0-415-50149-1（pbk）ISBN:

978-1-315-88458-5（ebk）TypesetinGraphSwiftLightbyGraphicraftLimited,HongKongTomystudentsinSection8,Classof1998atInternationalCollegeofChineseLanguageandCulture,RenminUniversityofChina.LiweiJiaoTomyfamily.BenjaminStoneThispageintentionallyleftblankContentsIntroductionviiiCharacteristicsofChinesesuyuviiiWhysuyuareimportanttolearnersofChineseixSpecialcharacteristicsofthisdictionaryxHowtheentriesofthisdictionaryweredeterminedxiBackgroundofthecompilationofthisdictionaryandacknowledgmentsxiiListofabbreviationsandgrammaticaltermsincharacter-by-charactertranslationxivListofentriesxvStructureofentriesxxi500commonChineseproverbsandcolloquialexpressions1Appendixone:

Pinyinindexof500commonChineseproverbsandcolloquialexpressions387Appendixtwo:

strokeindexof500commonChineseproverbsandcolloquialexpressions395Appendixthree:

Chinesewordindexof500commonChineseproverbsandcolloquialexpressions401Introduction500CommonChineseProverbsandColloquialExpressions:

AnAnnotatedFrequencyDictionaryisadictionaryofcommonChineseproverbsandcolloquialexpressionsknownassuyu.SuyuareanimportantconstituentpartoftheChineselanguage,whichChineselanguagelearnersmustnotneglect.Thisdictionary,whichlistsandorganizessuyuaccordingtotheirfrequencyasdeterminedbyasociolinguisticsurveyofmorethan900ChineseuniversitystudentsisdesignedprimarilyforChineselearnersattheintermediatelevelorabovewhosefirstlanguageisEnglish,aswellasteachersofChineseasasecond/foreignlanguage.Besidesbeingusedasareferencework,thisdictionaryisalsosuitableforclassroomuseandindependentstudy.CharacteristicsofChinesesuyuThedefinitionofsuyuinChineseisrelativelybroadanddoesnotcompletelycoincidewiththedefinitionoftheEnglishwordproverb.WhatthisbookcataloguesareChineseproverbsandcolloquialexpressions,tobereferredtohereafterassuyu.Thisbooksdefinitionofsuyuisasfollows:

theyarephrasesorsentencesthatarewidelyemployedbythegeneralpopulationincolloquialdiscourse,whoseactualmeaningsaremorethanthesumoftheirparts,aremainlyemployedinexpressingridiculeorcriticism,andwhosestructureisrelativelyfixed.Someexamplesofsuyuwouldbe吃豆腐,whoseliteralmeaningtoeattofucomestomeantotakeadvantageofawoman;皇上不急太监急which,whileliterallymeaningtheemperorisrestedandateasewhiletheeunuchisexcessivelyconcerned,isusedtodescribeasituationinwhichthepersoninvolvediscalmandcollected,butobserversareveryanxious.Specificallyspeaking,suyushouldhavethefollowingcharacteristics:

1）Suyuareevocativeandingenious.Inmostcircumstances,theyarethebest,mostarticulateformofexpressionforagivensituation.Forexample,ifonewishestoarticulatehowsomeonehasoversteppedtheirbounds,both得寸进尺（given-inch-advance-foot）and得陇望蜀（get-atipofSouthwesternChina-hope-thewholeSouthwesternChina）areacceptable,althoughthelatterispossiblytooliteral.However,neitherexpressionhasahumorousconnotation.Incontrast,thesuyu蹬鼻子上脸（climb-nose-mount-face）isbothhumorousinmeaningandwidelyusedininformalconversations.Similarly,天上掉馅饼（sky-upon-fall-stuffed-pancake）isthemostapttranslationoftohavesomethingfallintooneslap,while躲得过初一，躲不过十五vividlyinvokestheideathatyoucannotavoidsomethingforever,bymakingtheanalogythatyoucanavoid初一,thefirstdayofalunarmonthwithanewmoon,butyoucannotavoiditscounterpart,十五,thefifteenthdayofalunarmonth.Introductionix2）Suyuareusedbythegeneralpopulation.However,thischaracteristicdoesnotprecludetheuseofsuyubypoliticalleadersorpublicfiguresinsomesituations.ItisgeneralknowledgethatMaoZedongandDengXiaopinglikedusingsuyu,withsomeoftheirmostfamoussuyuincluding,amongothers:

纸老虎（papertigers）,墙头草（fence-sitters）,东方不亮西方亮（whilesomethingisnotworkableinoneplace,itmightbeworkablesomewhereelse）,摸着石头过河（tocrosstheriverbytouchingstones）,and不管白猫黑猫，能捉老鼠就是好猫（itdoesnotmatterwhetheracatisblackorwhitesolongasitcatchesmice）.3）Suyuaremainlycolloquial.However,thisdoesnotprecludeonefromusingsuyuonformaloccasionsorinwritinginordertoelicitaspecialreact