高中英语基础知识提升训练.docx
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高中英语基础知识提升训练
高中英语基础知识提升复习训练
第一部分动词时态和语态
一、动词时态练习:
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.Look!
It______(rain)hard.Itseldom______(rain)duringthismonthofayear.
2.He__________(break)hislegwhenhe_________(play)inafootballmatchagainstanotherschool.
3.Idon’tknowwhenSuzan______(return),butwhenshe______(return),I_____(let)youknow.
4.We______(send)foradoctorifyou_________(benot)betterthisafternoon.
5.Shefelthappy,forshe_______(begiven)agoldmedalforwhatshe________(do)forthecountry.
6.Thefireman_______(go)towardsthefire,which______still______(smoke)then.
7.Whilemyfather____(look)throughtheeveningpaper,hesuddenly_____(let)outacryofsurprise.
8.Myuncle________(come)toseeus.He__________(arrive)hereafewdaysago.He___________(leave)forSydneytomorrowmorning.
9.WhenI_____(enter)theroom,he____(notsee)me.Forhe____(read)somethingwithgreatinterest.
10.Wefoundthetask___________(be)muchharderthanwe___________(expect).
11.Mysister________(learn)Englishsinceshe_________(be)achild.She________(speak)Englishveryfluently(流畅)now.
12.---IamsorryI______(keep)youwaitingsolong.
---Itisallright.I_____(read)thenewspapers.
13.Theypromisedthatthey____(bring)usallthenecessarybooksassoonasthey____(have)achance.
14.---Ican’tfindmyglasses.______you____________(see)them?
---Yes.You_______(leave)theminthecaryesterday.
15.PleasewakemeupifI______still_______(sleep)whenyou_______(come)home.
16.---I_________(notsee)youforages!
Where______you_____(be)
---I___________(be)toScotland.
17.Ican’topenthedoor.I__________(lose)mykey.I_________(lose)itwhileI__________(be)out.
18.CCTV_________(broadcast)Englishprogramseversince1977.
二、动词语态练习:
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1.learn:
a.Pauldoesn’thavetobemade_______anything,healwaysworkshard.
b.Youdon’thavetomakePaul_______anything,healwaysworkshard.
2.do:
a.Whatwillyou___________next?
b.Whatwill____________byyounext?
3.say:
a.She____________thatMikewasillinbed.
b.It____________thatMikeisillinbed.
c.Mike_____________tobeillinbed.
4.hold:
a.Theywill____________theparents-meetingnextMonday.
b.Theparents-meetingwill____________nextMonday.
5.discuss:
a.They____________thequestionsfrom5to6yesterdayafternoon.
b.Thequestions______________from5to6yesterdayafternoon.
6.putoff:
a.Wehadbetternot_______________thesportsmeeting.
b.Thesportsmeetinghadbetternot________________.
7.cross:
a.Inoticedanoldlady___________thestreetjustnow.
b.Anoldladywasnoticed______________thestreetjustnow.
8.repair:
a.Weareto_______________themachinethisafternoon.
b.Themachineisto________________thisafternoon.
第二部分非谓语动词
在英语句子中,“非谓语动词”即是不充当谓语的动词或动词短语。
非谓语动词
主要有:
动词不定式、动名词、现在分词、过去分词。
另外,还有独立主格结构。
一、动词不定式:
1、动词不定式(动词不定式短语)的功能:
动词不定式可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、宾语补足语。
如:
It’sgreattoseeyouallhereagain.(动词不定式短语作主语,此处it是形式主语)
Tocompletethetallbuildinginoneyearwasquiteadifficulttask.(动词不定式作主语)
Hewanttogoshopping.(动词不定式短语作宾语)
Mymotherhatestomovefromplacetoplace.(动词不定式短语作宾语)
Myhopeistoreceiveyourletters.(动词不定式短语作表语)
Thepurposeoftheorganizationistogreetallnewcomerstothecity. (动词不定式作表语)
Iamlookingforaroomtolivein.(动词不定式作定语,限定room的范围)
Hewenttogoshopping.(动词不定式作目的状语,表示went的目的)
Heaskedyoutocallhimatteno’clock.(动词不定式作宾补)
2、动词不定式的时态和语态运用:
(1)一般式:
todo(主动式);tobedone(被动式)
Ihavemanyclothestowash.(不定式towash作定语,用主动式,因为其主语是人)
Manyclothesaretobewashed.(不定式tobewashed作表语,用被动式,因为主语是物)
Therearemanyclothestobewashed.(不定式tobewashed作定语,用被动式,主语是物)
(2)进行式:
tobedoing
Todaywehavechatrooms(网聊室),textmessaging(手机短信),e-mailing…,butweseemtobelosingtheartofcommunicatingface-to-face.(不定式的进行式,作seem的表语)
(3)完成式:
tohavedone(主动式);tohavebeendone(被动式)
ThecrowdcheeredwildlyatthesightofLiuXiang,whowasreportedtohavebrokentheworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdlerace.(主动完成式,作who的补足语)
Theworldrecordinthe110-meterhurdleracewasreportedtohavebeenbrokenbyLiuXiang.(被动完成式,作Theworldrecord的补足语)
二、动词-ing形式(动名词和现在分词):
1、动名词的作用:
Dancingismyfavorite.(动名词作主语)
It’snousecryingoverthespiltmilk.(动名词短语作主语,It是形式主语)
Haveyoufinishedwritingyourletter?
(动名词短语作宾语)
MyjobislearningEnglish.(动名词短语作表语)
Thiscompanyhasaswimmingpool.(动名词作定语,限定pool的范围)
WeareinterestedinlearningEnglish.(作in的宾语,一般主动式)
Shecametomyweddingwithoutbeinginvited.(作介词without的宾语,一般被动式)
Idon’trememberhavingborrowedmoneyfromyou.(作remember的宾语,完成主动式)
MaryforgetshavingbeingtakentoBeijingwhenshewasveryyoung.(作forgets的宾语,完成被动式)
Doyoumindmyopeningthedoor?
(动名词的复合结构作宾语:
物主代词/名词所有格+动名词)
IrememberTom’splayingwiththemthatday.(动名词的复合结构作宾语,同上)
有些动词后面常常接“动名词”,不接动词不定式,如:
Sheenjoysreading.这些动词可以归纳为:
“keep,delay(延误),imagine(想象)+mecarfeps”。
“mecarfeps”的读音是“霉咖啡不吃”,它包含这些动词:
mind(介意),enjoy,can’thelp,avoid/appreciate,risk,finish,excape,practice,suggest(建议)/stand(忍受)
Iappreciateyourmakingefforttocome.你能尽力赶来,我很感激。
(yourmaking是动名词复合结构作appreciate的宾语)
Daveescapedbeingdrowned.Dave逃脱了,没有被淹死。
(beingdrowned作宾语)
Weshoulddelayholdingthesportingmeeting.我们应该延迟举办运动会。
(holdingthesportingmeeting作delay的宾语)
有些动词后面接不定式和动名词时,意义不一样。
(1)forget,remember,stop,regret这几个个动词后面接不定式表示还没有做某事,接动名词表示已经做了某事:
Don’tforgettobringyourhomeworktomorrow.不要忘了,明天把作业带来。
Iforgetborrowingabookfromthelibrarylastweek,soIborrowanotherone.我忘记了上周在图书馆借了一本书,于是又借了一本。
(2)goondoing继续做同一件事情;goontodo接下来做另一件事情
(3)trydoingsth.试着做某事;trytodo尽量做某事;managetodo做成了某事
2、现在分词的作用(现在分词有主动或进行之意):
Themanspeakingtotheteacherisourmonitor'sfather.(作定语,限定man的范围表,进行)
Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.(被动式,作定语,限定film的范围,表进行)
Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.(作表语,表示film的特点,有主动之意)
Thepresentsituationisinspiring.当前的形势鼓舞人心。
(作表语,有主动之意)
Canyouhearhersingingthesonginthenextroom?
(作宾补,补充her的动作,有主动之意)
Hekeptthecarwaitingatthegate.他让小汽车在门口等着。
(作宾补,补充car的动作)
Workinginthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人。
(作时间状语可以改为:
Whenheworkedinthefactory,hewasanadvancedworker.)
Hestayedathome,cleaningandwashing.他呆在家里,又擦又洗。
(作方式/伴随状语)
(If)Playingallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间。
(作条件状语,可以改为Ifyouplayallday,youwillwasteyourvaluabletime.)
Hedroppedtheglass,breakingitintopieces.他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎(作结果状语)
Thoughrainingheavily,itclearedupverysoon.虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了。
(作让步状语,该句=Thoughitrainedheavily,itclearedupverysoon.)
Seeingfromthetopofthehill,theyfoundthetownbeautiful.(作时间状语,有主动之意)
3、现在分词的时态和语态:
Singinganddancinghappily,theyenteredtheclassroom.(一般主动式,作伴随状语)
Beingaskedtoansweradifficultquestion,shedidn’tknowwhattosay.(一般被动式,作原因或时间状语)
=When/Asshewasaskedtoansweradifficultquestion,shedidn’tknowwhattosay.
Nothavingheardfrommyparents,Iwrotealetteragain.(完成主动式,否定式,原因状语)
=AsIhadn’theardfrommyparaents,Iwrotealetteragain.
Havingbeengivenathirdchance,Imustvalueit.(完成被动式,原因状语)
=BecauseIhavebeengivenathirdchance,Imustvalueit.
三、过去分词(过去分词有被动或完成之意):
1、过去分词的作用:
过去分词和它后面的附带成分一起叫过去分词短语,作定语、表语、宾补、状语。
Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.(作定语,限定leaves的范围)
Shelookedpuzzled.(作表语,表达she的表情)
Shefoundhermoneystolen.(作宾补,补充宾语hermoney的状况)
Heated,watercanchangeintosteam.(作条件状语,可以改为Ifitisheated)
2、过去分词的时态和语态:
过去分词表示动作已经完成,只有一般式。
Ifoundthedooropened.(作宾补,补充宾语thedoor的状态,有被动之意)
Inspiredbywhathesaid,Ideterminedtoworkharder.(作原因状语,有被动之意)
=AsIwasinspiredbywhathesaid,Ideterminedtoworkharder.
Seenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksbeautiful.(作时间或条件状语,有被动之意)
=When/Ifitisseenfromthetopofthehill,thetownlooksbeautiful.
四、分词的独立结构作状语:
如果分词的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致,可采用分词独立结构作状语。
Therebeingnotaxis,wehadtowalk. 没有出租车,我们只好步行。
(原因状语)
=As/Becausetherewerenotaxis,wehadtowalk.(从句和主句的主语不一致)
Wintercoming,itgetscolderandcolder.冬天来了,天气越来越冷了。
(原因状语)
=AsWinterhascome,itgetscolderandcolder.(从句和主句的主语不一致)
Classbeingover,thechildrenwenthome.下课了,学生们回家去。
(原因/时间状语)
=After/Astheclasswasover,thechildrenwenthome.(从句和主句的主语不一致)
Nobodybeingintheroom,Ididn'tgoin.由于房间里没有人,我没有进去。
(原因状语)
=Asnobodywasintheroom,Ididn’tgoin.(从句和主句的主语不一致)
Weatherpermitting,we'llstarttomorrow.如果天气允许,我们明天动身。
(条件状语)
=Iftheweatherpermits,we'llstarttomorrow.(从句和主句的主语不一致)
Hewenttothefrontdoor,hissonfollowinghim.他走向前门,他的儿子跟在后面。
(伴随状语)
Herworkdone,shesatdownforacupoftea. 她干完了活,坐下来喝茶。
(时间状语)
=Afterherworkhadbeendone,shesatdownforacupoftea.(从句和主句的主语不一致)
Moremoneygiven,wewillsendmoreemployeestothemothercompanytogettrained.(条件状语,句中“money”和“give”是动宾关系,因此用过去分词)
=Ifmoremoneyisgiven,wewillsendmoreemployeestothemothercompanytogettrained.(如果多有些资金的话,我们将把更多的员工送到总公司去培训)
有时现在分词独立成分一般已形成固定结构,表示说话人对说话内容所持的态度或看问题的态度,如:
Generallyspeaking,wedon'tagreewithyou.一般说来,我们不同意你的看法。
Consideringhisage,thechildreadsquitewell.鉴于他的年龄,这个孩子读得相当好。
Judgingfromwhatyousay,heoughttosucceed.根据你所说的来看,他应当成功。
五、with复合结构:
with复合结构的形式是“with+名词+分词”,在句子中也是作状语。
Withthecomputerbroken,Mr.Greencouldn’twork.(原因状语)
Hewentintothecavewiththecandleburning.(方式/伴随状语)
Theyfellasleepwiththedooropen.(方式/伴随状语)
六、如果谓语动词和现在分词的动作完全同时发生,常常用“when/while+现在分词”形式,此时它不是独立结构,而是“连词+现在分词”作时间状语,即省去“主语+be”如:
Becarefulwhen/whilecrossingthestreet.
非谓语动词练习一、用所给动词的恰当形式填空:
1.see
(1)_________fromthetopofahill,our