铲车岗位操作手册.docx

铲车岗位操作手册.docx

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铲车岗位操作手册

铲车岗位操作手册

混凝土

车队司机岗位操作手册

编制:

王义明

审批：

赵永梅

批准：

张明

文件编号：

MXSN-SN-ZK-01

一、司机岗位职责·····················································4

二、顺应范围························································4

三、岗位作业规程·····················································4

四、装载机平安作业操作规程···········································4

五、装载机运用中的本卷须知···········································5

六、装载机作业方法···················································6

6.1铲装作业························································6

6.1.1作业预备····················································6

9.1.2作业进程····················································6

6.2铲装方法························································6

9.2.1一次铲装法··················································6

6.2.2配合铲装法··················································6

6.3装载机与运输车辆配合的作业方案·································6

6.3.1、V型作业方法···············································6

6.3.2、I型作业方法···············································7

6.3.3、L型作业方法···············································7

6.3.4、T型作业方法···············································7

6.4搬运任务························································7

6.5推运作业························································7

6.6整地作业························································7

6.6.1撒土作业···················································7

6.6.2粗平整·····················································7

6.6.3精平整·····················································7

6.7开掘作业·····················································7

6.7.1铲进作业···················································7

6.7.2挖土作业···················································7

6.8牵引作业························································8

七、装载机的停车·························································8

八、卫生环保职责·························································8

九、装载机的活期保养和润滑···············································8

9.1日常反省保养······················································8

9.1.1每班启动发起机前应反省的部位··································8

9.1.2每班启动发起机后应反省的部位··································9

9.1.3作业运转中的反省··············································9

9.2活期维护保养······················································9

9.2.1每50任务小时的维·············································9

9.2.2每100任务小时的维护··········································9

9.2.3每250任务小时的维护··········································9

9.2.4每500任务小时的维护··········································9

9.2.5每1000任务小时的维护·········································10

9.2.6每2000任务小时的维护·········································10

十、装载机的罕见缺点及扫除···············································11

10.1传动系统·························································11

㈠各档变速压力均低·················································11

㈡某个档变速压力底·················································11

㈢变矩器油温过高···················································11

㈣发起机高转速车开不动·············································11

㈤驱动力缺乏·······················································11

㈥变速箱油位增高···················································11

10.2制动系统························································11

㈠脚制动力缺乏····················································11

㈡刹车后挂不上档〔变速压力表不指示〕·······························12

㈢停车制动器不能正常松开··········································12

㈣听车后空气罐压力迅速下降〔30分钟气压下降超越0.1MPa〕············12

㈤刹车气压表压力上升缓慢··········································12

㈥紧急及停车制动力缺乏············································12

10.3任务液压系统····················································12

㈠动臂提升力缺乏或转斗提升力缺乏··································12

㈡发起机高转速时，转斗或动臂提升缓慢······························12

10.4转向液压系统····················································12

㈠转向费力························································12

㈡车子转向不颠簸··················································13

㈢车子左右转向都慢················································13

㈣车子一边转向快一边转向慢········································13

㈤转动方向盘车子不转向············································13

㈥司机不操作车子自传··············································13

㈦司机不操作方向盘自传············································13

㈧车子高速运转时转向太快··········································13

㈨转向泵噪音大，转向缸举措缓慢···································13

10.5电气系统·························································13

㈠发电机不发电或收回电压低·········································13

㈡发电机过热·······················································13

㈢蓄电池不充电或充电电流过小······································14

㈣蓄电池充电电流长时间过大········································14

㈤电传感仪表无指示················································14

㈥发起机无法启动或启动困难········································14

㈦发电机不熄火····················································14

㈧灯具不亮························································14

㈨仪表指示至最少量程··············································14

十一、本钱质量控制····················································15

11.1装载机节油的管理················································15

11.3车辆加油管理···················································15

11.4展开修旧利废活动················································15

11.5实行定人定车管理················································15

一、司机岗位职责

1.1熟习车辆任务原理、机械知识，交通规那么。

1.2自觉遵守交通法规和平安操作规程，严厉执行车辆日常保养制度。

1.3驾驶所属车辆完成消费义务。

担任各条消费线上料、堆场均化平整、物料倒运等任务。

1.4遵从中控值班主任的一致调动，保证各消费岗位上的正常运转；除水泥事业部中控室和车队长以外，其他任何人没有权益随意调车。

1.5每位司机严厉执行定人定车制度，不准乱用他人车辆。

对所属车辆经常要自动停止维护、保养。

1.6对发作缺点的车辆应及时向车队申报，小缺点自己担任扫除，大缺点应提出维修方案并配合修缮工实施维修。

1.7仔细完成值班长与车队长零时布置的任务义务。

1.8仔细学习岗位知识，努力提高技术水平，增强效劳质量。

二、适用范围

适用于蒙西混凝土车队司机。

三、岗位作业规程

3.1下班必需在45分钟前到中控值班主任室签到，误点后必需抵达现场。

3.2司机上料时，必需按值班主任的规则和比例上料；并与上料工配合完成上料义务；无故不得上错或耽误上料。

3.3自觉干好任务范围内的活，不得故意拖延任务时间或收工不出力。

3.4司机在交接班时，各岗位料仓必需上满，堆场必需平整好；熟料库必需倒空；并同时向下一班司机交代上料状况和消费顺序。

3.5值班车辆的活动范围为水泥事业部消费线，加油、修缮或别的事情要分开作业现场，必需向值班主任、班长请假。

3.6每班值班车辆要为下一班司机加好燃油，保证消费正常运转。

3.7车辆在修缮时期，司机必需一人在场担任配件的领用，并监视车辆的维修质量。

四、装载机平安作业操作规程

4.1一切本部门岗位工必需经过岗前三级〔质技部、水泥事业部、工段〕平安、消防培训并经考试合格前方可上岗；

4.2装载机驾驶员必需经过专业操作培训，熟习装载机的结构、功用及任务原理，经考试合格后，持证方可操作装载机。

4.3车辆在厂区内行走时，最高时速不得超越每小时10公里；不得超速行驶欺行霸道；对其它车辆要相互避让平安经过。

4.4车辆在运转时，除装载机驾驶室内动臂与前车架之间，铲斗、机盖及其它任何部位一概不准乘坐人。

4.5严禁酒后上岗，或将车辆交于非驾驶员驾驶。

4.6车辆在作业现场必需要留意该现场其它任务人员的平安，设备的平安，行进前进时一定要环顾周围有无车辆行人经过；并和所装卸车辆坚持一定的平安距离。

4.5司机在各岗位上一定要和放料工配合好，上料时要鸣喇叭并下车检查篦子上能否有人，确认无人方可上料。

4.6一切司机必需时辰留意平安看法，在执行各种任务义务时，该义务存在有不平安要素的司机有权拒绝不干并向下级反映。

4.7车辆运用时，司机必需仔细反省各油位和冷却水及各机械衔接部件的状况；经常反省并紧固各种螺丝螺母；防止车辆的早期磨损和损坏；把事故处置在萌芽形状。

4.8装载机行驶时，铲斗应坚持在运输位置，即斗底与空中相距约400mm。

应防止急减速、急转弯、急刹车和锯齿形行车等，以保证装载机能动摇行驶。

4.9装载机在下坡时，严禁封锁发起机脱档滑行。

否那么，将会招致液压转向失灵，形成严重行车事故。

4.10装载机在停止装卸物料时，严禁在物料倾向一侧或铲斗举至最洼位置时运输物料，以确保动摇，保证装载机平安行驶。

4.11装载机取货前，车体前后应成直线，对正并接近货堆，同时将铲斗平行接触空中，然后停止取货。

4.12取货时要依据物料的阻力，选用适当的档位和速度，铲斗拔出货堆后，提升动臂，同时把铲斗向后收，车体继续行进。

4.13装载机作业时应遵守以下〝六不准〞：

①不准用高速档取货；

②不准边转向边取货；

③不准降低铲斗行驶；

④不准在斜坡路面上横向行驶；

⑤不准铲斗侧重行驶；

⑤不准在升起的铲斗下面站人或停止检修。

五、装载机运用中的本卷须知

6.1停止出车前的反省任务，确认各部位正常后，反省各操纵手柄能否置于中间，假定停机放置的时间较长，应先用手油泵向燃油系统中注燃油，并旋松喷油泵上的放气螺钉，以排空燃油系统中的气体。

起动时，翻开钥匙开关，接通总电源，按下起动钥匙旋转即可起动。

假定初次起动失败，须等候2～5钟后再作第二次起动，如三次不能起动时，应中止起动，找出缘由，扫除缺点后再行起动。

每次起动时间不得超越12秒。

6.2发起机起动后，应在600～750r/min的转速下停止暖机，并亲密留意各仪表的读数，特别是柴油机机油压力表的读数，其数值应大于0.05MPa。

当气压表的读数大于0.44MPa后，方可出车。

6.3发起机起动后，反省装载机各部位能否正常，将动臂提升至运输位置；松开手制动，踩下制动踏板，悄然操纵变速操纵杆，将操纵杆挂在选定的档位；松开脚制动踏板，缓慢踩下油门踏板，使装载机逐渐减速。

待水温到达75℃后，才干全负荷作业。

6.4装载机在同方向行驶时换挡不用停车，也不用踩制动踏板；但假定改动行驶方向，那么一定要在停车后换挡。

6.5装载机在坡道下行驶或作业时，选择阀应置于不切断位置〔适用于有选择阀的装载机〕，因制动时变速箱仍有动力输入，一旦制动解除能迅速起步，以保证装载机运转颠簸；否那么，假定选择阀置于切断位置，踩下制动踏板，变速箱的油路被切断，从而使变速箱无动力输入，装载机停车后再次起步就会出现溜坡和不动摇的现象。

6.6在操纵转斗油缸操纵杆时，当转斗置于适宜位置，松开操纵手柄，操纵杆可自动回位；但当操纵动臂油缸操纵杆时，当动臂举升〔或下降〕到所需位置后，应将操纵杆置于中间，因动臂操纵杆没有自动回位的功用。

6.7装载机在作业进程中，发起机的水温不得超越95℃，变矩器的油温不得超越115℃。

假定由于长时间重载作业，油、水温超越允许值时应停车冷却。

6.8假定装载机在运转中发起机突然熄火，应立刻踩下制动踏板，因此时转向油泵已中止任务，故不能转动转向机实施转向。

6.9内行驶中严禁高速行车！

高速行驶会对平安形成要挟。

装载机下坡行驶时，应轻踩制动踏板，并坚持发起机在运转形状。

严禁关机溜坡！

6.10关于装载机的各零部件应按规则停止活期的保养和润滑。

6.11装载机变速箱—变矩器中运用的液力传动油、液压系统中运用的液压油必需清洁并契合规则要求。

六、装载机作业方法

6.1铲装作业

6.1.1作业预备

清算作业场地，填平凹坑，根除尖石等易于损坏装载机轮胎和阻碍装载机作业的阻碍物。

铲装作业时，行驶速度应降至4km/h以下。

6.1.2作业进程

装载机的作业循环包括以下四个进程：

①装载机以一档驶向料堆，在距料堆约1～1.5m处，放下动臂、转动铲斗，使铲斗刀刃接地，铲斗斗底与地平面成3°～7°的夹角，然后低速拔出料堆。

②装载机以全力拔出料堆，并连续地操纵铲斗转动和动臂上升，直至装满铲斗，然后把铲斗上翻、将动臂提升至运输位置。

③装载机装满前进，驶向卸料点或运输车辆，同时提升动臂至卸载高度将物料卸下。

假定物料粘积在铲斗上，可来回搬动转斗操纵手柄，撞击撞块，使粘积在铲斗上的物料弹振零落。

④空车退回，同时将动臂下降至运输位置，装载机前往至装料堆停止下一个任务循环。

6.2铲装方法

不同的铲装方法对作业阻力和铲斗的装满水平有很大影响，任务时应依据铲装的物料种类〔容重、粒度大小等〕、料堆高度等选用不同的铲装方法。

6.2.1一次铲装法

一次铲装法，装载机直线行进，铲斗刀刃拔出料堆，直至铲斗后臂与料堆接触，装载机中止行进，铲斗转至装满位置，然后提升动臂至运输高度〔铲斗下铰点离空中高度约400mm左右〕。

一次铲装法是最复杂的铲装作业方法。

对驾驶员操作水平要求不高。

但其作业阻力大，需求把铲斗拔出料堆很深，因此常要求装载机有比拟大的拔出力，同时需求很大的功率来克制铲斗上翻时的阻力。

用来铲装松懈物料，如煤、砂、焦炭等。

6.2.2配合铲装法

装载机在行进的同时，配合以转斗或动臂提升的举措停止铲装作业。

它可又细分为两种方法：

a.当铲斗拔出料堆不大的深度〔约为0.2～0.5斗深〕时，在装载机行进的同时，连续地操作铲斗上翻，并配合动臂提升，直至装满铲斗。

b.装载机在行进的同时，配合以动臂提升，在斗刃分开料堆后，铲斗转至运输形状。

此方法又称为〝开掘机〞铲装法。

采用配合铲装方法，铲斗不需求拔出很深，特别是采用前一种配合铲装法，靠拔出运动与铲斗转动、提升运动相配合，使拔出阻力大大减小〔其阻力普通为一次铲装法的1/2～1/3〕，并且铲斗也容易装满，是一种比拟有效的作业方法，但要求驾驶员具有较高的操作水平。

6.3装载机与运输车辆配合的作业方案

装载机与运输车辆相配合的作业方案普通有V型作业法、I型作业法、L型作业法和T型作业法。

6.3.1、V型作业方法

运输车辆与装载机驶向料堆的方向成60°夹角停放，装载机在料堆装载后，倒车前进3～5m左右，然后用转向油缸使铰接车架折腰35°左右，再行进驶往运输车辆卸载。

这种方案可保证失掉最少的任务循环时间，作业效率较高。

6.3.2、I型作业方法

运输车辆平行于任务面适时地往复行进与前进，装载机那么穿越般地垂直于任务面直线行进与前进停止作业，所以这种作业方法也叫穿越作业法。

I型作业方式省去了装载机的调车时间，但添加了运输车辆行进与前进的次数，因此采用这种作业方式，装载机的作业循环时间，取决于装载机和其配协作业的运输车辆的驾驶的操作技术熟练水平，并要求车队延续运输与之配合，才干取得较高的作业效率。

6.3.3、L型作业方法

运输车辆垂直于任务面，装载机铲装物料后，发展并调转90°角；然后向前驶向运输车辆卸载，空载的装载机前进调转90°角，然后向前驶向料堆，停止下一次铲装。

这种作业方式在运距较小，而作业场所比拟广阔时，装载机可同时与两台运输车辆配合任务。

6.3.4、T型作业方法

运输车辆平行于任务面，但距离任务面较远，装载机铲装物料后，发展并调转90°角；然后再向相反方向调转90°角驶向运输车辆卸料。

6.4搬运任务

在以下状况下，可采用装载机自行搬运：

6.4.1路面过软，未经平整的场地，不能用载重汽车的。

6.4.2搬运距离在500m以内，用载重汽车糜费时间。

搬运的车速依据搬运距离和路面条件决议，为使搬运时平安动摇和具有良好的视野，应上转铲斗到极限位置并坚持动臂下铰点距空中400mm左右。

6.5推运作业

假设将铲斗作为推土刮板时，可以停止填平作业。

此时铲斗内装满沙土，使其对空中坚持水平形状，踩下油门踏板使铲斗向前推进，推进中发现阻碍装载机行进时，可稍稍提升动臂继续行进，铲装动臂升降时，操纵杆应放在浮动位置，不可扳倒上升或下降任一固定位置，以保证推运作业的顺利停止。

6.6整地作业

应用铲斗斗尖和刀板可停止撒土、平地、打基础等整地作业，

6.6.1撒土作业

用铲斗铲进砂土，装载机前进行驶，并使铲斗前倾10°～15°度角，将砂土平均播撒。

6.6.2粗平整

使铲斗完全前倾，将铲斗的斗尖与空中接触，停止低速前进，平整土地。

6.6.3精平整

将铲斗内装满砂土并与空中坚持水平形状接地。

将动臂操纵杆放在〝浮动〞的位置上，装载机缓慢前进行驶。

6.7开掘作业

开掘作业是装载机中止或在行进中将铲斗拔出砂土、岩石等堆积物停止装载铲运的作业，开掘作业分