重庆市职称英语D级试题及答案.docx
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重庆市职称英语D级试题及答案
一、阅读下面的短文,每一篇中有5处空白,文章后面有6组文字,请根据文章内容选择5组文字,将其分别放回文章原有位置,以恢复文章原貌。
每个试题计2分,共计10分
WhatWeTakefromAndGivetotheSea
Aslongaswehavebeenonearth,wehaveusedtheseaaroundus.Wetakefromtheocean,andwegivetoit.
Wetakefishesfromtheocean-millionsofkilogramsoffish,everyyear,tofeedmillionsofpeople.______
(1)______Wetakemineralsfromtheocean.Onewaytogetsaltistoplaceseawaterinashallowbasinandleaveituntilitevaporates.______
(2)______Muchgoldandsilverdriftdissolvedinthewatersofthesea,too1.Buttheseadoesnotgivethemupbysimpleevaporation.Othergiftsfromtheseaarepearls,spongesandseaweed.Pearlsbecomejewelry.______(3)______Seaweedbecomesfoodofmanykinds-evencandy,andicecream-aswellasmedicine.Believeitornot,freshwaterisanothergirlfromthesea.Wecannotdrinkoceanwater.______(4)______Butoceanwaterbecomesfreshwaterwhenthesaltsareremoved.Inthefuture,wewillfindourselvesdependingmoreandmoreonfreshwaterfromthesea.
Theseagivesusfood,fertilizer,minerals,water,andothergifts.Whatdowegivethesea?
Garbage.______(5)______Hugeasitis,theoceancannotholdallthewaterthatwepourintoit.Dumpinggarbageintotheoceaniskillingoffsealife2.Yetastheworldpopulationgrows,wemayneedtheseaanditsgiftsmorethanever.
Wearefinallylearningthatifwedestroyourseas,wemightalsodestroyourselves.Hopefully,itisnottoolate.
词汇:
fertilizer/5fE:
tIlaIzE/n.化肥evaporate/I5vApreIt/v.蒸发
sponge/spRndV/n.海绵seaweed/5si:
wi:
d/n.海草
garbage/5^B:
beIdV/n.垃圾
练习:
A. Naturalspongesbecomecleaningaids.
B. Wepollutetheoceanwhenweuseitasagarbagedump.
C. Theareaoftheseaisbecomingsmallerandsmaller.
D. Alongwithsalt,othermineralsareleftafterevaporation.
E. Weevenusetheirbonesforfertilizer.
F. Someofitscontentsmaycauseillness.
答案与题解:
1. E前面一句讲了我们从大海捕捉大量的鱼供人们食用,这句接着说讲“甚至连鱼的骨头也被用来做化肥”。
Even这个词在这里清楚地表示了这两句话的关系。
2. D这句话的前一句讲的是我们可以通过水的蒸发从海水中得到一种矿物质一盐,这句话则说除了盐之外,水蒸发以后还有别的矿物质留下来。
3. A前面讲到除了矿物质外,大海还给了我们珍珠、海绵和海草这三样东西。
接着作者分别用一句话来说明每一样东西的用途。
先讲了珍珠,最后讲的是海草,所以这中间的一句应该是讲海绵的用途了。
4. F前一句话说了我们不能喝海水,这句话解释了为什么不能喝,很自然。
5. B前面一句话用garbage一个单词有力地回答了“我们给予大海什么”这个带有自责的问题,这句话则是对这个简单回答的具体解释。
二、第一篇TellingTalesaboutPeople
Oneofthemostcommontypesofnonfiction,andonethatmanypeopleenjoyreading,isstoriesaboutpeople'slives.Thesestoriesfallintothreegeneralcategories:
autobiography,memoir,andbiography.
Anautobiographyisthestoryofaperson'slifewrittenbyhimselforherself.Oftenitbeginswiththeperson'searliestrecollectionsandendsinthepresent.Autobiographywritersmaynotbeentirelyobjectiveinthewaytheypresentthemselves.However,theyofferthereaderagoodlookatthewaytheyareandwhatmakesthemthatway.PeopleasdiverseasBenjarminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewrittenautobiographies.1Otherwriters,suchasJamesJoyce,havewrittenthinlyfictionalizedaccountsoftheirlives.Thesearenotautobiographies,buttheyareveryclosetoit.
Memoirs,strictlyspeaking,areautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuchontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.2Memoirwriterstypicallyusetheseeventsasbackdropsfortheirlives.Theydescribethemindetailanddiscusstheirimportance.Recently,though,thetermmemoirseemstobebecominginterchangeab1ewithautobiography.Amemoirnowadaysmayormaynotdealwiththeoutsideworld.
Biographiesarefactualaccountsofsomeoneelse'slife.Inmanysenses,thesemaybethehardestofthethreetypestowrite.Autobiographywritersknowtheeventstheywriteaboutbecausetheylivedthem.Butbiographywritershavetogatherinformationfromasmanydifferentsourcesaspossible.Thentheyhavetodecidewhichfactstoinclude.Theirgoalistopresentabalancedpictureofaperson,notonethatisoverlypositiveortoocritical.Afairwell-presentedbiographymaytakeyearstoresearchandwrite.
词汇:
backdrop/'bæk,drɔp/n.背景interchangeable/intə'tʃendʒəbl/adj.可转换的
注释:
1.PeopleasdiverseasBenjaminFranklinandHelenKellerhavewrittenautobiographies.就像本杰明•富兰克林和海伦•凯勒一样,各种各样的人们已经写了自传。
2.Memoirs,strictlyspeaking,areautobiographicalaccountsthatfocusasmuchontheeventsofthetimesasonthelifeoftheauthor.严格意义上来讲,回忆录是既注重作者本身的生活经历,也注重其所处的时代所发生的事件的自传性的描述。
练习:
1.Thispassageismostlyabout_______.
A.thecharacteristicsofautobiographies,memoirs,andbiographies
B.famousautobiographies
C.whybiographycanbedifficulttowrite
D.differencesbetweenautobiographiesandmemoirs
2.HelenKellerwrote________.
A.amemoir
B.anautobiography
C.aworkoffiction
D.abiography
3.Autobiographywritersarenotalwaysobjectivebecausethey________.
A.feeltheyhavetomakeupdetailstomaketheirbookssell
B.constantlycompetewithbiographywriters
C.wanttopresentthemselvesinagoodlight
D.havetroublerememberingthegoodtimes
4.Thewriterintroduceseachcategoryinthepassageby________.
A.definingit
B.givinganexample
C.explainingwhyitishardtowrite
D.tellingwhenpeoplefirstbeganwritingit
5.Diversemeans________.
A.abletoswimindeepwater
B.similaroralike
C.variedordifferent
D.enjoyingpoetry
答案与题解:
1.A本题问的是:
这篇文章主要是关于?
文章第一句说到最普遍的非小说类文学作品类型之一就是一些来描述人们生活的故事,这些故事大致分为三类:
自传回忆录和传记。
然后通篇对这三种类型进行了介绍,因此A是正确答案。
2.B本题问的是:
海伦·凯勒谢了什么?
第二段第5句话写到:
就像本明杰·富兰克林和海伦·凯勒一样,各种各样的人们已经写了自传。
因此B是正确答案。
3.C本题问的是:
自传作者通常不太客观,因为他们?
第二段提到:
他们给读者提供了一个途径来了解自己比较好的行事风格……,因此答案是C,他们想展示自己好的一面。
4.A本题问的是:
本文的作者通过何种方式介绍每种类型的非小说文学作品?
答案是A,通过给每个类型进行定义。
5.C本题问的是:
diverse的意思是?
其汉语意思为“多种多样的”,因此C正确。
三、ModerateEarthquakeStrikesEngland
AmoderateearthquakestruckpartsofsoutheastEnglandon28April2007,topplingchimneysfromhousesandrousingresidentsfromtheirbeds.Severalthousandpeoplewereleftwithoutpower1inKentCounty.Onewomansufferedminorheadandneckinjuries.
"ltfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fairride,3"saidthewoman.
TheBritishGeologicalSurveysaidthe4.3-magnitudequake4struckat8:
19a.m.andwascenteredundertheEnglishChannel5,about8.5milessouthofDover6andneartheentrancetotheChannelTunnel7.
Witnessessaidcracksappearedinwallsandchimneyscollapsedacrossthecounty.Residentssaidthetremorhadlastedforabout10to15seconds.
"Iwaslyinginbedanditfeltasifsomeonehadjustgotupfrombednexttome."saidHendrickvanEck,27,ofCanterbury8about60milessoutheastofLondon."Ithenheardthesoundofcracking,anditwasgettingheavierandheavier9.Itfeltasifsomeonewasattheendofmybedhoppingupanddown."
Therearethousandsofmoderatequakesonthisscalearoundtheworldeachyear,buttheyarerareinBritain.TheApril28quakewasthestrongestinBritainsince2002whena4.8-magnitudequakestruckthecentralEnglandcityofBirmingham10.
Thecountry'sstrongestearthquaketookplaceintheNorthSeain1931,measuring6.1ontheRichterscale11.BritishGeologicalSurveyscientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28AprilinanareathathadseenseveralofthebiggesterthquakesevertostrikeBritain,includingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinFrance.12Mussonpredictedthatitwasonlyamatteroftime13beforeanotherearthquakestruckthispartofEngland.However,peopleshouldnotbescaredtoomuchbythisprediction,Mussonsaid,asthemodernearthquakewarningsystemofBritainshouldbeabletodetectaforthcomingquakeandannounceitseveralhoursbeforeittakesplace.Thiswouldallowtimeforpeopletoevacuateandreducedamagetotheminimum.
词汇:
moderate adj.中等的magnitude/'mægnitju:
d/n.值,强度量
topple v.倾倒,震倒rouse/ravz/v.唤醒
tremor n.震动 hop v.齐足跳起
fun-fairn.公共露天游乐场scale/skeil/n.震级
forthcoming adj.即将来临的evacuate/i'vækjveit/v.疏散
geological adj.地质的
注释:
1.power:
电力
2.KentCounty:
肯特郡[位于英格兰东南部]
3.Itfeltasifthewholehousewasbeingslidacrosslikeafun-fairride.它(地震)给人的感觉是
整幢房子就像游乐场的滑行机一样在滑动.ride是游乐场供人玩乐的乘坐式的活动装置。
asif是"好像……一样;仿佛",例如:
HetreatedmeasifIwerehisson.他待我如同待他的儿子一样。
4.the.4.3-magnitudequake:
里氏4.3级地震
5.EnglishChannel:
英吉利海峡
6.Dover:
多佛尔[英格兰东南部港口城市]
7.ChannelTunnel:
海峡隧道。
ChannelTunnel(常简称为Chunnel)是连接英法两国的海峡隧道。
8.Canterbury:
坎特伯雷[英格兰东南部城市,中世纪时曾是宗教朝圣圣地]
9.itwasgettingheavierandheavier:
爆裂声越来越响
10.Birmingham:
伯明翰[英格兰中部城市]
11.theRichterscale:
里氏震级表。
美国地震学家CharlesFrancisRichter(1900-1985)于1935年制定了地震震级表。
12.BritishGeologicalSurveyscientistRogerMussonsaidthequaketookplaceon28AprilinanareathathadseenseveralofthebiggestearthquakesevertostrikeBritain,includingonein1580thatcauseddamageinLondonandwasfeltinFrance.英国地质勘测所的科学家RogerMusson说,4月28日发生地震的地区曾经遭受过几起英国最大的地震,其中的一次发生在1580年,那次地震蹂躏了伦敦,并波及法国。
13.amatteroftime:
时间问题。
又如:
It'snotamatterofmoney.这个不是钱的问题。
练习:
1.DuringtheApril28earthquake,thewholeEnglandwasleftwithoutpower.
ARight
BWrong
CNotmentioned
2.TheChannelTunnelwasclosedfor10hoursaftertheearthquakeoccurred.
ARight
BWrong
CNotmentioned
3.Itwasreportedthatoneladyhadgotherheadandneckinjured,butnotseriously.
ARight
BWrong
CNotmentioned
4.FranceandseveralotherEuropeancountriessenttheirmedicalteamstoworksidebysidewiththeBritishdoctors.
ARight
BWrong
CNotmentioned
5.Thecountry'sstrongestearthquaketookplaceinLondonin1580.
ARight
BWrong
CNotmentioned
6.MussonpredictedthatanotherearthquakewouldoccurinsoutheastEnglandsoonerorlater.
ARight
BWrong
CNotmentioned
7.Itcanbe