00595自考全国英语阅读一试题.docx

00595自考全国英语阅读一试题.docx

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00595自考全国英语阅读一试题

4月份自考试题在线测试

全国2012年4月高等教育自学考试

英语阅读

（一）试题

课程代码：

00595

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I.CAREFULREADING

Readthefollowingpassagescarefully.DecideonthebestanswerandwritethecorrespondingletterontheANSWERSHEET.（40points,2pointseach）

Passage1

Questions1to5arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

Peoplehavethoughtverydifferentlyaboutchildrenindifferenthistoricaleras.InancientRomeandthroughouttheMiddleAges,forexample,childhoodwasbrief:

Aboyorgirlwasconsideredan“infant”untiltheageofsix,butsoonafterwardworkedalongsideadultsinthefields,intheworkshops,orathome.Childrenwerethoughttobeborninastateofsinandwereviewedasthepropertyoftheirfathers.Suchbeliefscontributedtostrictdisciplineofchildrenandneglectoftheirspecialneeds.

TheseharshattitudessoftenedduringtheRenaissanceandEnlightenmentasthehumanisticspiritofthetimescausedarediscoveryofthespecialqualitiesofchildhood.Inpaintings,forexample,youngchildrenweredepictedasplayinganddoingotherchildishthings,ratherthanbeingshownasminiatureadults.Theimportanceofchildhoodasauniqueperiodofdevelopmentwasunderstoodmorefullyinthe17thand18thcenturies,asreflectedinthewritingsoftwoimportantEuropeanthinkers:

theEnglishphilosopherJohnLockeandtheFrenchphilosopherJeanJacquesRousseau.JohnLockearguedthatthenewborninfantcomesintotheworldwithnoinheritedpredispositions（天性）,butratherwithamindasa“blankslate”thatisgraduallyfilledwithideas,concepts,andknowledgefromexperiencesintheworld.Heconcludedthatthequalityofearlyexperiences,particularlyhowchildrenareraisedandeducated,shapesthedirectionofachild’slife.Later,JeanJacquesRousseauclaimedthatchildrenatbirthareinnatelygoodratherthanevil,andthattheirnaturaltendenciesshouldbeprotectedagainstthecorruptinginfluencesofsociety.Rousseau’sattitudehadanimportantinfluenceonsociety,andinspired，forexample，thenovelistsCharlesDickensandVictorHugo，whodecried（揭露）theexploitationofchildlaborandhighlightedtheneedforeducationalandsocialreform．

1．ItcanbeinferredthatchildrenintheMiddleAges______．

A．weremistreatedandexploited

B．weregenerallyregardedasminiatureadults

C．didnotobservetheinstitutionaldisciplines

D．didnotstarttheirchildhooduntiltheageofsix

2．TheauthorcitestheexamplethetwoEuropeanthinkers’writingstoshowthat______.

A．children’sbehaviorwasdescribedasadult-like

B．children’sinnocenceandplayfulnesswereneglected

C．childhoodwasrevealedasaperiodofindependence

D．childhoodwasrevealedasauniqueperiodofdevelopment

3．The2ndparagraphisdevelopedby______．

A．exampleB．definition

C．comparisonD．causeandeffect

4．ThecentralargumentmadebyJohnLockeisthat______．

A．children’sfuturedevelopmentdependsontheirgeneticbackground

B．children’supbringingandearlyeducationmayshapetheirfuturelife

C．children’scharacterformationislargelyinfluencedbytheirparents

D．theproperwayofupbringingistokeepchildrenawayfromsociety

5．Attheendofthepassage，thetwonovelistsarementionedtoemphasize______.

A．thecallforeducationalandsocialreform

B．theimportanceofchildren’sschooleducation

C．theinfluenceofRousseau’sattitudetowardchildren

D．thepotentialnegativeinfluencesofsocietyonchildren

Passage2

Questions6to10arebasedonthefollowingpassage．

Ifambitionistobewellregarded，therewardsofambitionmustbeworthyofthesacrificesonambition’sbehalf.Ifthetraditionofambitionistohavevitality,itshouldbewidelyshared，anditespeciallymustbehighlyregardedbysuchpeopleastheeducated．whoarethemselvesadmired．Howeveritistheeducatedwhohaveclaimedtohavegivenupambitionasanideal．Whatisoddisthattheyhaveperhapsbenefitedmostfromambition，thoughtheambitionmaybemorethatoftheirparentsandgrandparentsthanoftheirown．

Certainly,peopledonotseemlessinterestedinsuccessnowthanformerly．Infact，thesignsofsuccesssuchassummerhomes，EuropeantravelandBMWshaveneverceasedtobesoughtafter．Whathashappenedisthatpeoplecannotconfessfullytotheirdreams，aseasilyandopenlyasoncetheycould，lesttheybethoughttobeaggressive，materialisticorvulgar．Instead，whathasoftenconfusedusarethosefinehypocriticalspectacles：

thecriticofAmericanmaterialisminpossessionofaSouthamptonsummerhome；thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealseverydayinfive-starrestaurants；thejournalistpromotingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife，whosendshisownchildrentoexpensiveprivateschools．Forsuchpeopleandmanymoreperhapsnotsoexceptional，themottois，“Succeedatallcostsbutavoidappearingambitious．’’

Ambitionhasbeenattackedfromvariousangles；itspublicdefendersarefewandunimpressive，thoughtheyarenotextremelyunattractive．Asaresult，thesupportforambitionasahealthyimpulse，aqualitytobeadmiredbytheyoung，isprobablylowerthanithaseverbeenintheUnitedStates．Thisdoesnotmean,however，thatpeoplearenolongerambition-driven，butonlythat，nolongeropenlyhonored，ambitionhasbecomesomethingsmartlyconcealed．

6．Accordingtothepassage，inordertokeepthevitalityofthetraditionofambitionthesuccessfulpeoplethemselvesmust______．

A．highlyvalueitB．makesomesacrifices

C．benefitfromitD．makesomecontributions

7．Suchitemsassummerhomes，EuropeantravelandBMWsarelistedtoprovethat______．

A．theseitemsarecommonlyusedtomeasuresuccess

B．theseitemsareopenlyhonoredandadmiredbythepublic

C．peopleareasinterestedinsuccessastheyhaveeverbeen

D．peoplearemoremotivatedtoseekaftertheseitemsthanbefore

8．Peopletendnottomaketheirambitionsfullyknown______．

A．toavoidappearingprofessionallyoriented

B．toavoidappearingsnobbishandsophisticated

C．forfearthattheymightendupinfailureordisappointment

D．forfearthattheymightbeconsideredasdistastefulandgreedy

9．Thecritic，thepublisherandthejournalistarementionedinthe2ndparagraphtoshowthattheyare______.

A．selfishB．corrupted

C．hypocriticalD．materialistic

10．Theauthor’sattitudetowardsambitionasallidealis______．

A．satiricalB．negative

C．appreciativeD．unbiased

Passage3

Questions11to15arebasedonthefollowingpassage．

Postagestampsarelabelsaffixedtolettersorparcelstoindicatethataspecifiedamountofpostagehasbeenprepaidfordelivery．Stampsareusuallyissuedbyagovernmentoranagencyrepresentingagovernment，suchasanationalpostoffice．Thecollectingandstudyofpostagestampsandrelateditemssuchaspostcardsisknownasphilately,awordderivedfromGreekmeaning，literally,“loveofwhatisfreeoffurthertax．’’Stampcollectingisoneofthemostpopularhobbiesintheworld．

Fromtheearliestyearsofthehobby，mostphilatelistshavepreferredtocollectstampsbycountry，specializingintheissuesofoneormorenations．Sinceaboutthemid-1950s，however,manyphilatelistshavebecomeinterestedintopicalcollecting，acquiringstampsillustratingcertainthemesorsubjects．Amongthewiderangeofpictorialsarestampsdevotedtosports，artandmusic，aviation，birdsandflowers，andtelecommunications．

Oneoftheattractionsofstampcollectingistheeaseofstartingacollection．Withaccesstoenoughincomingmail，especiallyfromabroad，apersoncallbuildacollectionwithoutanyexpense．Literallytensofthousandsofstamps，however,includingmanyoftheolderissues，arepricedverycheaply．

Littlespecialequipmentisrequired．Acollectorneedsonlyanalbumtohousethecollectionandapairofstamptongswithwhichtohandlethem．Stampsandaccessoriescanbepurchasedeasily．Nearlyeverycityhasoneormoreprofessionalstampdealers．ThousandsofotherdealersoperateexclusivelybymailorontheInternet．

Whencollectorshaveaccumulatedanumberofvaluablestamps，theymusttakeprecautionsforsafestorage，preferablyinabanksafetydepositbox．Ifthestampsareinmint（崭新的）condition，theyshouldnotbeoverlapped；throughchangesinhumidity,overlappingstampsmaysticktogetherandbecomeseriouslydamaged．Collectorsalsoshouldkeepaccuratewritteninventoriesofalltheirphilatelicmaterial．

11．Inthe1stparagraph，“philately”isatermdealingwith______．

A．postagedeliveryB．postagetaxingandpricing

C．astudyofpostageitemsD．astudyofpostcardcollecting

12．Accordingtothepassage，stampscanbeclassified______．

A．byfacevalueB．byissue

C．chronologicallyD．thematically

13．Oneofthecharmsofstampcollectingisthatitcanbestarted______．

A．withoutanytechnicalmeans

B．withouttoomuchtimespent

C．withouttoomuchspaceneeded

D．withoutnecessarilybiginvestment

14．Accordingtothepassage，thenewstampsshouldavoid______．

A．humidityB．burglary

C．beingduplicatedD．beingcatalogued

15．Thewriter’ssuggestionmadeinthelastparagraphisbasically______．

A．misleadingB．impractical

C．ambiguousD．operational

Passage4

Questions16to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage．

Anumberofdifferentaspectsoflifecaninfluencementalhealth．Inamid-1970sstudyofpeoplelivingintheUnitedStates，researchersidentifiedcriticalareasthatinfluenceone’smentalhealth．Theseareasareworkinglife，familylife，andthesocialrolethatoneoccupiesinthecommunity．Negativeexperiencesintheseareas，suchasanunreasonablebossoraturbulentfamilylife，canreduceone’soverallsenseofwell-being．

Anotherimportantinfluenceonmentalhealthisstress．Ingeneral，peopleexperiencestresswhenthedemandsplacedont