paradiselost失乐园赏析课件doc.docx

paradiselost失乐园赏析课件doc.docx

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paradiselost失乐园赏析课件doc

paradise-lost失乐园赏析课件

ParadiseLost

TypeofWork

ParadiseLostisanepicpoemwhich—liketheepicpoemsofHomer,Dante,Vergil,andGoethe—tellsastoryaboutmomentouseventswhileincorporatinggrandthemesthataretimelessanduniversal.

DateCompleted

MiltoncompletedthefirstversionofParadiseLostin1667.Itconsistedof10books.In1668and1669,headdedanintroductorycommentabouttheverseformandaspecialsectionwithsummariesofeachbook.In1674,hepublishedthefinalversionoftheepic,inwhichhedividedBooks7and10intotwobookseach.Thecompletedworkthushad12booksinsteadof10.Healsoplacedeachsummaryatthebeginningofthebookitsummarized.

Sources

MiltonusedtheBible,Homer'sIliadandOdyssey,Vergil'sAeneid,andthestoriesinGreco-Romanmythologyassourcesofinformationandaswritingmodels.TheBible'sBookofGenesisisthemainsourceforhisretellingofthestoryofcreationandthefirsthumans,AdamandEve.

Settings

Thesettingsareheaven,hell,thefirmament（苍穹）（Chaos）,andearth.

Characters

GodtheFather,GodtheSon:

（trinity）Twoofthethreedivinepersonsmakinguptheall-powerfulGodhead,thesingledeity（神性）thatcreatedandruledallthatexistsoutsideofitself.Thethirddivineperson,theHolySpirit,doesnotplayaroleinParadiseLost.GodtheFatherisportrayedasjustbutmerciful,condemning（批判）thedefiant（目中无人）andunrepentant（不后悔的）rebelangelsbutpermittingredemptionoftherepentantAdamandEve.GodtheSonvolunteerstoredeemthembybecominghumanandenduringsufferinganddeath.

Satan（Lucifer,Archfiend）:

Powerfulandpridefulangelwho,withlegions（众多的）ofsupporters,leadsanunsuccessfulrebellionagainstGodandsufferseternaldamnation.Togainrevenge,hedevisesaplantocorruptGod'snewlycreatedbeings,AdamandEve,throughdeceit.Modernreadersoftenadmirehimforhissteelydefiance（藐视）.Hewouldratherruleinhell,hesays,thanserveinheaven.ItwasnotMilton'sintent,however,tocreateanadmirablecharacter;ratherhisintentwastocreateacharacterofcolossal（巨大的）hatred—loathsome（令人讨厌的）,execrable（恶劣的）,incurablyremorseless（冷酷无情的）.

AdamandEve:

Thefirsthumanbeings,createdbyGodtofillthevoid（真空）thatresultedwhenGodcastSatanandhissupportersoutofthecelestialrealm.AdamandEveliveontheplanetearthinutterhappinessinaspecialgardenwherespringistheonlyseasonandloveandgodlylivingprevail.Thoughtheyhaveallthattheywantandneed,cunningSatantellsthemtheycanhaveknowledgeandstatusbeyondtheirreachifonlytheyeatofthefruitoftheTreeofKnowledge.Evecanbecomeagoddess,hesays.Vanityovertakesher.Sheeats.Adamreluctantlydoesthesame.

Gabriel,Raphael,Michael,Uriel:

PowerfulandfearlessangelsonthesideofGod.

Beelzebub,Mammon,Belial,Moloch:

PowerfulleadersinSatan'sarmy.Inagreatcouncilinhell,eachofthemspeakshismindonwhatpolicydevil-kindshouldfollowafterlosingparadise.Shouldtheymakeanewwar?

Shouldtheymakepeace?

Ithuriel,Zephron:

AngelswhoexpelSatanfromtheGardenofEdenwiththehelpofasignfromGod.Satanreturnstothegardenlatertocompletehisdeviousenterprise.

Mulciber:

Fallenangelwhodesignshell'scapitalcityandseatofgovernment,Pandemonium.InancientRomanmythology,MulciberisanothernameforVulcan（Greek:

Hephaestus）,godoffireandtheforge.Asablacksmith,hekeptshopinburningmountains（volcanoes）.

Sin:

DaughterofSatan.ShewasbornfromhisheadinthemannerofAthena,Greekgoddessofwisdomandwar,whosprangfromtheforeheadofZeus,kingofthegods.

Death:

SonofSatanandSin

VariousOtherAngelsandDevils

Milton'sSolarSystem

Indescribingtheplanetsandothercelestialbodies,MiltonmodelsGod’screationonthePtolemaic天动说的design（alsocalledthegeocentricdesign）ratherthantheCopernicandesign（alsocalledtheheliocentric以太阳为中心的design）.Theformerplacedearthatthecenterofthesolarsystem,withthesunandothercelestialbodiesorbitingit.Copernicusandotherscientistslaterprovedthattheearthorbitsthesun.MiltonwasawareoftheCopernicantheory,butheusedthePtolemaicdesign—eitherbecausehebelieveditwasthemorecredibletheoryorbecausehebelieveditwouldbetterservehisliterarypurpose.InParadiseLost,Adaminquiresaboutthemovementsofcelestialbodies—inparticular,whetherearthorbitsthesunorviceversa—inhisconversationwiththearchangel天使Raphael,butRaphaelgivesnodefiniteanswer.RaphaelmayhavebeenspeakingforMilton.

StyleandVerseFormat

MiltonwroteParadiseLostindignified,lofty,melodicEnglishfreeofanycolloquialismsandslangsthatwouldhavelimitedthework'stimelinessanduniversality.Theformat,Miltonsaysinanintroductorynote,is"Englis