BK6教师用书Unit7.docx

BK6教师用书Unit7.docx

《BK6教师用书Unit7.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《BK6教师用书Unit7.docx（18页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

BK6教师用书Unit7

Unit7

HowtoGetthePooroffOurConscience

JohnKennethGalbraith

StructureoftheText

PartI（Paras.1-2）

Theauthorbeginswithananalysisofwaysof"gettingdiepooroffourconscience'\

PartII（Paras.3-9）

Fivesolutionsofferedhistoricallyanddieauthor'scritiqueofthesesolutions.Tliesolutionsarearrangedinchronologicalorder.

1・ThesolutionproposedintheBible.（Para.3）

2.Thesolutionofferedbyutilitarianism.（Para・4）

3.ThesolutionofferedbyMalthusianism.（Paras.5and6）

4.ThesolutionofferedbySocialDarwinism・（Paras.7and8）

5.Theargumentthatpublicassistancetothepoorinterfereswiththeeffectiveoperationoftheeconomicsystem.（Para.9）

PartIII（Paras.10-11）

Transition:

Roosevelt\NewDealandthesocialwelfarepoliciesofthepost-WorldWarIIpresidentsseemedtohavesolvedtheproblem・Butactuallythematterwasonlytemporarilyheldinplace・

PartIV（Paras.12-19）

Acriticalanalysisoffivecurrentdesignstogetthepooroffourconscience・

1・Thefirstdesignisthatsincethegovernmentisincompetentitshouldnotbeaskedtoaidthepoor.（Paras.12-13）

2.Theseconddesignisthatanyformofpublichelptothepoorhurtsthepoor.（Paras.14・15）

3.Thethirddesignisthatpublichelptothepoorwillreducetheincentiveoftherichtoworkandencouragethelethargyoftheidle.（Para.16）

4.Thefourthdesignisthatpublichelptothepoorwillhaveanadverseeffectonfreedom.（Paras.17-18）

5.Thefifthdesignispsychologicaldenial.（Para.19）

PartV（Para.20）

Summaryofthefivedesignsandthepopularityoftheadvocatesofthesedesigns・

PartVI（Para.21）

Conclusion:

Theauthorpointsoutthatpublicassistancetothepoorisintheinterestoftherich.Itisaconservativecourseofaction・

DetailedStudyoftheText

1.Iwouldliketoreflectononeoftheoldestofhumanexercises...（Para.1）

Question:

Whatdoestheauthorwanttoreflecton?

Theauthorwantstodiscusshowpeoplehavebeentryingnottofeelguiltyabouttheexistenceofpoorpeopleandjustifythecontinuingexistenceofpoverty.

Paraphrase:

Iwanttothinkseriouslyaboutoneoftheoldestpracticesofhumanbeings..・Translation:

我要严肃考虑一种人类最古老的实践活动。

2....wehaveundertakentogetthepooroffourconscience.（Para・1）

conscience:

asenseofrightandwrong,withanurgetodoright

getthepooroffourconscience:

使我们不为穷人的存在而感到内疚

Note：

Inusing^our",theautliorismcludiiighimselfmtheproblemthusmakingitsoundasifheisreflectingonamoralsinweareallguiltyof,ratherthanpreachingtousinacondescendingway.

3・Richandpoorhavelivedtogether,alwaysuncomfortablyandsometimesperilously,sincethebeginningoftime.（Para・2）perilous:

involvingrisk;dangerous

Question:

Whatdoestheauthormeanwhenheuses4perilously?

Theauthormusthaveinmindslaveuprisings（suchastheslaverevoltledbySpartacusinancientRome）,peasantupnsingsandworkers'strikes.Iftheeconomicdisparitybecomestoogreat,thepoorwillriseupagainsttherich,causingmuchdamage・

4・Plutarchwasledtosay:

"Animbalancebehveentherichandpooristheoldestandmostfatalailmentofrepublics.”（Para.2）

Payattentiontohowtheauthorexpressestheidea.

"Plutarchwasledtosay"impliesthatitwastheactualexistenceofrichandpoorandPlutarch'sknowledgeofwhatresultedinequitybetweenthemthatmadeImnarrivelogicallyatsuchastatement;"ledtosay"meansthathecouldnothavecometoadifierentconclusion・

Animbalancebetweentherichandpooristheoldestandmostfatalailmentofrepublics・贫富不均乃共和政体最致命的宿疾。

5.Andtheproblemsthatarisefromthecontinuingcoexistenceofaffluenceandpoverty—andparticularlytheprocessbywhichgoodfortuneisjustifiedinthepresenceoftheillfortuneofothers—havebeenanintellectualpreoccupationforcenturies.（Para.2）

intellectual:

appealingtotheintellect

intellectualpreoccupation:

有思想有学问的人孜孜不倦地探寻答案

Question:

Whatisthemainideaofthisstatement?

Themainideaofthisstatementisthatforcenturiesthosewithhighintellecthavebeensearchingforexplanationstojustifythecoexistenceofrichandpoor.

Theycontinuetobesoinourowntime.（Para.2）

Question:

Whatdoes"so"referto?

Itreferstothefactthattheproblemscontinuetobeanintellectualpreoccupation.Note:

Theprevioussentencereferstohistory.Thisonespeaksofthepresent.

7.・•・thepoorsufferinthisworldbutarewonderfullyrewardedinthenext.（Para.3）

"inthenext":

aftertheydie;whentheygotothenextworld,i.c.heavenorParadiseNote:

ThisideaisnotonlyembodiedintheBiblebutisalsocommoninBuddhism・

&Theirpovertyisatemporarymisfortune:

Iftheyarepoorandalsomeek，theyeventuallywillinherittheearth.（Para.3）meek:

patientandmild;submissive

IntheBible,thewon!

'meek'isusedinapo