英文学术论文常用词句.docx

英文学术论文常用词句.docx

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英文学术论文常用词句

英语学术论文常用词句

1.常用词汇与短语

差别：

gapsbetween,differentiatebetween,discrepancies，nointergroupdifference

存在，出现：

occurred,occurrence,existed,existence,presence,present

多数，少数：

theoverwhelmingmajorityof,inthemajorityofcases，amarkedmajority,handful

方法：

approaches,avenues,methods,techniques,means,tools

发生率：

Incidence,frequency,prevalence

发现，阐明，报道，证实：

verify,confirm,elucidate,identify,define,characterize,clarify,establish,ascertain,explain,observe,illuminate,illustrate，demonstrate,show,indicate,exhibit,presented,reveal,display,manifest，suggest,propose,estimate,prove,imply,disclose，report,describe，facilitatetheidentificationof，screening，isolation

改变：

change,alteration,

高，增加：

high,enhanced,elevated,increased,forced

各种，多种：

inmultipletypesof,invarioustypesof,inavarietyof

关系，相关，参与：

closelyinvolvedin,associated,

广泛的：

inanextensivesurvey

执行：

perform,carryout

降，少，缺：

decrease,reduction,reduced,diminish,loss,suppression,deficient,low,weak,faint,light,absence,absent,undetectable,lack,defective,negative,poor,impaired,greatlyreducedorcompletelyabsent,frequentlylostordown-expressed

角色，起作用：

role,part（limited,potential,early,possiblerole）

可能性：

feasibility

密切地：

intimately

难理解的，似谜的：

enigmatic（xremainsenigmatic）

潜在假定的：

potential,candidate,putative,

缩写：

abbreviations

识别，辨别：

discernment

提供，帮助：

provide,supply,help（to）,contributeto,offer,allow,dedicate,devote,assistin

调节（失调，上调，下调）：

dis-regulation,dys-regulation,up-regulation,up-expression,over-expression,down-expression,down-regulation,

推测：

presume,speculate,confer,conjecture,guess,deduce，deduction显著,优先的：

prominent,pronounced,obvious,marked,predominant,strong,striking,notable,Conspicuously,remarkably，significant,preferential,prevalence,prevalent,

相同，同等并列：

withasimilarpatternto

协同，加强：

synergizewith

研究：

analysis,survey,study,research,investigation,experiments,trial,observations,assessment,inquiry,examinations,pursueinvestigationinto,analyze,detect,determinate,befocusedon,measure,examine,test,assess,evaluate,explore,

一致：

whichisinaccordwiththeresults，whichcorroboratedtheresults

whichsupportedtheresults

优缺点：

meritsanddrawbacks，beneficialanddetrimental

异常：

aberration,abnormality

重要：

crucial,key,important,major,beofcriticalimportance

相反：

Onthecontrary,Incontrary,butquiteonthecontrary，insharpcontrast,

contrarytowhatwouldbeexpected，Contrarytotheexpectationthat，

与一起：

incombinationwith,coupledwith

由于、鉴于：

Inlightof，Inviewthat

2.常用句型

Beginning

   1.Inthispaper,wefocusontheneedfor

   2.Thispaperproceedsasfollow.

   3.Thestructureofthepaperisasfollows.

   4.Inthispaper,weshallfirstbrieflyintroducefuzzysetsandrelatedconcepts

   5.Tobeginwithwewillprovideabriefbackgroundonthe

Introduction

   1.Thiswillbefollowedbyadescriptionofthefuzzynatureoftheproblemandadetailedpresentationofhowtherequiredmembershipfunctionsaredefined.

   2.Detailsonxxandxxarediscussedinlatersections.

   3.Inthenextsection,afterastatementofthebasicproblem,varioussituationsinvolvingpossibilityknowledgeareinvestigated:

first,anentirelypossibilitymodelisproposed;thenthecasesofafuzzyservicetimewithstochasticarrivalsandnonfuzzyserviceruleisstudied;lastly,fuzzyserviceruleareconsidered.

 Review

   1.Thisreviewisfollowedbyanintroduction.

   2.AbriefsummaryofsomeoftherelevantconceptsinxxxandxxxispresentedinSection2.

   3.Inthenextsection,abriefreviewofthe…isgiven.

   4.Inthenextsection,ashortreviewof...isgivenwithspecialregardto...

   5.Section2reviewsrelevantresearchrelatedtoxx.

   6.Sectionbrieflysurveysthemotivationforamethodologyofaction,whilelooksatthedifficultiesposedbythecomplexityofsystemsandoutlinestheneedfordevelopmentofpossibilitymethods.

   Body

   1.Section1definesthenotionofrobustness,andarguesforitsimportance.

   2.Section1devotedtothebasicaspectsoftheFLCdecisionmakinglogic.

   3.Section2givesthebackgroundoftheproblemwhichincludesxxx

   4.Section2discussessomeproblemswithandapproachesto,naturallanguageunderstanding.

   5.Section2explainshowflexibilitywhichoften...canbeexpressedintermsoffuzzytimewindow

   6.Section3discussestheaspectsoffuzzysettheorythatareusedinthe...

   7.Section3describesthesystemitselfinageneralway,includingthe…..andalsodiscusseshowtoevaluatesystemperformance.

   8.Section3describesanewmeasureofxx.

   9.Section3demonstratestheuseoffuzzypossibilitytheoryintheanalysisofxx.

   10.Section3isafinedescriptionoffuzzyformulationofhumandecision.

   11.Section3,isdevelopedtothemodelingandprocessingoffuzzydecisionrules

   12.ThemainideaoftheFLCisdescribedinSection3whileSection4describesthexxstrategies.

   13.Section3and4showexperimentalstudiesforverifyingtheproposedmodel.

   14.Section4discussesapreviousfuzzysetbasedapproachtocostvarianceinvestigation.

   15.Section4givesaspecificexampleofxxx.

   16.Section4istheexperimentalstudytomakeafuzzymodelofmemoryprocess.

   17.Section4containsadiscussionoftheimplicationoftheresultsofSection2and3.

   18.Section4appliesthisfuzzymeasuretotheanalysisofxxandillustrateitsuseonexperimentaldata.

   19.Section5presentstheprimaryresultsofthepaper:

afuzzysetmodel..

   20.Section5containssomeconclusionsplussomeideasforfurtherwork.

   21.Section6illustratesthemodelwithanexample.

   22.VariouswaysofjustificationandthereasonsfortheirchoicearediscussedverybrieflyinSection2.

   23.InSection2arepresentedtheblockdiagramexpressionofawholemodelofhumanDMsystem

   24.InSection2weshalllistacollectionofbasicassumptionswhicha...schememustsatisfy.

   25.InSection2ofthispaper,wepresentrepresentationanduniquenesstheoremsforthefundamentalmeasurementoffuzzinesswhenthedomainofdiscourseisorderdense.

   26.InSection3,wedescribethepreliminaryresultsofanempiricalstudycurrentlyinprogresstoverifythemeasurementmodelandtoconstructmembershipfunctions.

   27.InSection5isanalyzedtheinferenceprocessthroughthetwokindsofinferenceexperiments...

Section

   1.Inthissection,thecharacteristicsandenvironmentunderwhichMRPisdesignedaredescribed.

   2.WewillprovideinthissectionbasicterminologiesandnotationswhicharenecessaryfortheunderstandingofsubsequentSection

   2.Thenextsectiondescribesthemathematicsthatgoesintothecomputerimplementationofsuchfuzzylogicstatements.

   3.However,itiscumbersomeforthispurposeandinpracticalapplicationstheformulaewererearrangedandsimplifiedasdiscussedinthenextsection.

   4.Thethreecomponentswillbedescribedinthenexttwosection,andanexampleofxxanalysisofacomputerinformationsystemwillthenillustratetheiruse.

   5.WecaninterprettheresultsofExperimentsIandIIasinthefollowingsections.

   6.Thenextsectionsummarizesthemethodinafromthatisusefulforargumentsbasedonxx

   Summary

   1.Thispaperconcludeswithadiscussionoffutureresearchconsiderationinsection5.

   2.Section5summarizestheresultsofthisinvestigation.

   3.Section5givestheconclusionsandfuturedirectionsofresearch.

   4.Section7providesasummaryandadiscussionofsomeextensionsofthepaper.

   5.Finally,conclusionsandfutureworkaresummarized

   6.Thebasicquestionsposedabovearethendiscussedandconclusionsaredrawn.

   7.Section7istheconclusionofthepaper.

Abstract

   1.Abasicprobleminthedesignofxxispresentedbythechoiceofaxxrateforthemeasurementofexperimentalvariables.

   2.Thispaperexaminesanewmeasureofxxinxxbasedonfuzzymathematicswhichovercomesthedifficultiesfoundinotherxxmeasures.

   3.Thispaperdescribesasystemfortheanalysisofthexx.

   4.Themethodinvolvestheconstructionofxxfromfuzzyrelations.

   5.Theprocedureisusefulinanalyzinghowgroupsreachadecision.

   6.Thetechniqueusedistoemployanewlydevelopedandversatilexxalgorithm.

   7.Theusefulnessofxxisalsoconsidered.

   8.Abriefmethodologyusedinxxisdiscussed.

   9.Theanalysisisusefulinxxandxxproblem.

   10.Amodelisdevelopedforaxxanalysisusingfuzzymatrices.

   11.Algorithmstocombinetheseestimatesandproduceaxxarepresentedandjustified.

   12.Theuseofthemethodisdiscussedandanexampleisgiven.

   13.Resultsofanexperimentalapplicationsofthisxxanalysisprocedurearegiventoillustratetheproposedtechnique.

   14.Thispaperanalysesproblemsin

   15.Thispaperoutlinesthefunctionscarriedoutby...

   16.Thispaperincludesanillustrationofthe...

   17.Thispaperprovidesanoverviewandinformationusefulforapproaching

   18.Emphasisisplacedontheconstructionofacriterionfunctionbywhichthexxinachievingahierarchicalsystemofobjectivesareevaluated.

   19.Themainemphasisisplacedontheproblemofxx

   20.Ourproposedmodelisverifiedthroughexperimentalstudy.

   21.Theexperimentalresultsrevealinterestingexamplesoffuzzyphasesof:

xx,xx

   22.Thecompatibilityofaprojectintermsofcost,andxxarelikewiserepresentedbylinguisticvariables.

   23.Adidacticexampleisincludedtoillustratethecomputationalpr