英文学术论文常用词句.docx

1、英文学术论文常用词句英语学术论文常用词句1. 常用词汇与短语差别：gaps between, differentiate between, discrepancies，no intergroup difference存在，出现：occurred, occurrence ,existed, existence, presence, present多数，少数：the overwhelming majority of, in the majority of cases ，a marked majority, handful方法：approaches, avenues, methods, techni

2、ques, means, tools发生率：Incidence, frequency, prevalence发现，阐明，报道，证实：verify, confirm, elucidate, identify, define, characterize, clarify, establish, ascertain, explain, observe, illuminate, illustrate，demonstrate, show, indicate, exhibit, presented, reveal, display, manifest，suggest, propose, estimate,

3、 prove, imply, disclose，report, describe，facilitate the identification of ，screening ，isolation改变：change, alteration, 高，增加：high, enhanced, elevated, increased, forced各种，多种：in multiple types of, in various types of, in a variety of关系，相关，参与：closely involved in, associated,广泛的：in an extensive survey执行：

4、perform, carry out降，少，缺：decrease, reduction, reduced, diminish, loss, suppression, deficient, low, weak, faint, light, absence, absent, undetectable, lack ,defective, negative,poor,impaired, greatly reduced or completely absent, frequently lost or down-expressed角色，起作用：role, part （limited, potential,

5、 early, possible role）可能性：feasibility密切地：intimately难理解的，似谜的：enigmatic (x remains enigmatic)潜在假定的：potential, candidate, putative,缩写：abbreviations识别，辨别：discernment 提供，帮助：provide, supply, help (to), contribute to, offer, allow, dedicate, devote, assist in调节（失调，上调，下调）：dis-regulation, dys-regulation, up-

6、regulation, up-expression, over-expression, down-expression, down-regulation, 推测： presume,speculate ,confer, conjecture ,guess, deduce，deduction显著,优先的：prominent, pronounced, obvious, marked, predominant, strong, striking ,notable, Conspicuously, remarkably，significant, preferential, prevalence, prev

7、alent,相同，同等并列：with a similar pattern to协同，加强：synergize with研究：analysis, survey, study, research, investigation, experiments, trial, observations, assessment, inquiry, examinations ,pursue investigation into, analyze, detect, determinate, be focused on, measure, examine, test, assess, evaluate, explo

8、re,一致：which is in accord with the results，which corroborated the resultswhich supported the results优缺点：merits and drawbacks，beneficial and detrimental异常：aberration, abnormality重要：crucial, key, important, major, be of critical importance 相反：On the contrary, In contrary,but quite on the contrary，in sh

9、arp contrast,contrary to what would be expected，Contrary to the expectation that，与一起：in combination with, coupled with由于、鉴于：In light of，In view that2. 常用句型Beginning 1. In this paper, we focus on the need for 2. This paper proceeds as follow. 3. The structure of the paper is as follows. 4. In this pa

10、per, we shall first briefly introduce fuzzy sets and related concepts 5. To begin with we will provide a brief background on theIntroduction 1. This will be followed by a description of the fuzzy nature of the problem and a detailed presentation of how the required membership functions are defined.

11、2. Details on xx and xx are discussed in later sections. 3. In the next section, after a statement of the basic problem, various situations involving possibility knowledge are investigated: first, an entirely possibility model is proposed; then the cases of a fuzzy service time with stochastic arriv

12、als and non fuzzy service rule is studied; lastly, fuzzy service rule are considered.Review 1. This review is followed by an introduction. 2. A brief summary of some of the relevant concepts in xxx and xxx is presented in Section 2. 3. In the next section, a brief review of the is given. 4. In the n

13、ext section, a short review of . is given with special regard to . 5. Section 2 reviews relevant research related to xx. 6. Section briefly surveys the motivation for a methodology of action, while looks at the difficulties posed by the complexity of systems and outlines the need for development of

14、possibility methods. Body 1. Section 1 defines the notion of robustness, and argues for its importance. 2. Section 1 devoted to the basic aspects of the FLC decision making logic. 3. Section 2 gives the background of the problem which includes xxx 4. Section 2 discusses some problems with and approa

15、ches to, natural language understanding. 5. Section 2 explains how flexibility which often . can be expressed in terms of fuzzy time window 6. Section 3 discusses the aspects of fuzzy set theory that are used in the . 7. Section 3 describes the system itself in a general way, including the . and als

16、o discusses how to evaluate system performance. 8. Section 3 describes a new measure of xx. 9. Section 3 demonstrates the use of fuzzy possibility theory in the analysis of xx. 10. Section 3 is a fine description of fuzzy formulation of human decision. 11. Section 3, is developed to the modeling and

17、 processing of fuzzy decision rules 12. The main idea of the FLC is described in Section 3 while Section 4 describes the xx strategies. 13. Section 3 and 4 show experimental studies for verifying the proposed model. 14. Section 4 discusses a previous fuzzy set based approach to cost variance investi

18、gation. 15. Section 4 gives a specific example of xxx. 16. Section 4 is the experimental study to make a fuzzy model of memory process. 17. Section 4 contains a discussion of the implication of the results of Section 2 and 3. 18. Section 4 applies this fuzzy measure to the analysis of xx and illustr

19、ate its use on experimental data. 19. Section 5 presents the primary results of the paper: a fuzzy set model . 20. Section 5 contains some conclusions plus some ideas for further work. 21. Section 6 illustrates the model with an example. 22. Various ways of justification and the reasons for their ch

20、oice are discussed very briefly in Section 2. 23. In Section 2 are presented the block diagram expression of a whole model of human DM system 24. In Section 2 we shall list a collection of basic assumptions which a . scheme must satisfy. 25. In Section 2 of this paper, we present representation and

21、uniqueness theorems for the fundamental measurement of fuzziness when the domain of discourse is order dense. 26. In Section 3, we describe the preliminary results of an empirical study currently in progress to verify the measurement model and to construct membership functions. 27. In Section 5 is a

22、nalyzed the inference process through the two kinds of inference experiments.Section 1. In this section, the characteristics and environment under which MRP is designed are described. 2. We will provide in this section basic terminologies and notations which are necessary for the understanding of su

23、bsequent Section 2. The next section describes the mathematics that goes into the computer implementation of such fuzzy logic statements. 3. However, it is cumbersome for this purpose and in practical applications the formulae were rearranged and simplified as discussed in the next section. 4. The t

24、hree components will be described in the next two section, and an example of xx analysis of a computer information system will then illustrate their use. 5. We can interpret the results of Experiments I and II as in the following sections. 6. The next section summarizes the method in a from that is

25、useful for arguments based on xx Summary 1. This paper concludes with a discussion of future research consideration in section 5. 2. Section 5 summarizes the results of this investigation. 3. Section 5 gives the conclusions and future directions of research. 4. Section 7 provides a summary and a dis

26、cussion of some extensions of the paper. 5. Finally, conclusions and future work are summarized 6. The basic questions posed above are then discussed and conclusions are drawn. 7. Section 7 is the conclusion of the paper.Abstract 1. A basic problem in the design of xx is presented by the choice of a

27、 xx rate for the measurement of experimental variables. 2. This paper examines a new measure of xx in xx based on fuzzy mathematics which overcomes the difficulties found in other xx measures. 3. This paper describes a system for the analysis of the xx. 4. The method involves the construction of xx

28、from fuzzy relations. 5. The procedure is useful in analyzing how groups reach a decision. 6. The technique used is to employ a newly developed and versatile xx algorithm. 7. The usefulness of xx is also considered. 8. A brief methodology used in xx is discussed. 9. The analysis is useful in xx and

29、xx problem. 10. A model is developed for a xx analysis using fuzzy matrices. 11. Algorithms to combine these estimates and produce a xx are presented and justified. 12. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given. 13. Results of an experimental applications of this xx analysis procedu

30、re are given to illustrate the proposed technique. 14. This paper analyses problems in 15. This paper outlines the functions carried out by . 16. This paper includes an illustration of the . 17. This paper provides an overview and information useful for approaching 18. Emphasis is placed on the cons

31、truction of a criterion function by which the xx in achieving a hierarchical system of objectives are evaluated. 19. The main emphasis is placed on the problem of xx 20. Our proposed model is verified through experimental study. 21. The experimental results reveal interesting examples of fuzzy phases of: xx, xx 22. The compatibility of a project in terms of cost, and xx are likewise represented by linguistic variables. 23. A didactic example is included to illustrate the computational pr