数据仓库专业术语表.docx

数据仓库专业术语表.docx

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数据仓库专业术语表

数据仓库专业术语表

A

AccessPath

Thepathchosenbyadatabasemanagementsystemtoretrievetherequesteddata.

AccessProvider

AcompanywhichprovidesitscustomersaservicewherebytheycanaccesstheInternet.Theusernormallyconnectstotheaccessprovider’scomputerviaamodemusingadialupconnection.

ActiveAttack

Apersistentsecurityassaultbysomeonetryingtogainrestrictedaccessbyalteringdata.Therearemultipletechniques,decryptionforexample,whichcanbeusedtoleadtheattack.

ActiveServerPages（ASP）

ActiveserverpagesareasetofsoftwarecomponentsthatrunonaWebserverandallowWebdeveloperstobuilddynamicWebpages.

Activity-BasedCosting（ABC）

Activity-basedcosting（ABC）isaninformationsystemthatmaintainsandprocessesdataonafirm'sactivitiesandproducts.Itidentifiestheactivitiesperformed,tracescosttotheseactivities,andthenusesvariouscostdriverstotracethecostofactivitiestoproducts.

Activity-BasedManagement（ABM）

Activity-basedmanagement（ABM）istheuseoftheactivity-basedcostingtoolbyprocessownerstocontrolandimprovetheiroperations.Becauseprocessanalysisisconductedinthebuildingofanactivity-basedcostmodel,managementknowsitsbusinessmuchbetterandcanconsequentlyevaluatevalue-addedandnon-value-addedactivities.Becauseacertainvolumeofworkproducesacertainoutcome,"Whatif"analysiscanbeconductedtodeterminewhatresourcesarerequiredofoperationsarescaledbackorexpanded.

AdClicks

Alsocalledclickthroughs.Thenumberoftimesauser"clicks"onanonlinead,oftenmeasuredasafunctionoftime（"adclicksperday"）.

AdHocQuery

Anyquerythatcannotbedeterminedpriortothemomentthequeryisissued.AquerythatconsistsofdynamicallyconstructedSQL,whichisusuallyconstructedbydesktop-residentquerytools.

AdHocQueryTool

Anend-usertoolthatacceptsanEnglish-likeorpoint-and-clickrequestfordataandconstructsanad-hocquerytoretrievethedesiredresult.

AdministrativeData

Inadatawarehouse,thedatathathelpsawarehouseadministratormanagethewarehouse.Examplesofadministrativedataareuserprofilesandorderhistorydata.

AggregateData

Datathatistheresultofapplyingaprocesstocombinedataelements.Datathatistakencollectivelyorinsummaryform.

Aggregator

Thisisane-commercebusinessmodelinwhichtheWebsitesellsproductsorserviceswhichitdoesnotproduceorwarehouse.Anaggregatorcreatesanenvironmentwheremultipleproviders（sellers）mustcompeteontermsdeterminedbytheuse.

Alerts

Anotificationfromaneventthathasexceededapre-definedthreshold.

Analyst

Someonewhocreatesviewsforanalyticinterpretationofdata,performscalculationsanddistributestheresultinginformationintheformofreports.

AnalyticApplications

Packagedsoftwarethatmeetsthreedistinctconditions:

processsupport,separationoffunctionandtime-oriented,integrateddata.Analyticapplicationsexpandthereachofbusinessintelligencetoanextendeduserbase,packagingthesetechnologiesinabusinesscontext.

Analytics

Theprocessandtechniquesfortheexplorationandanalysisofbusinessdatatodiscoverandidentifynewandmeaningfulinformationandtrendsthatallowforanalysistotakeplace.

Applet

AsmallJavaprogramthatcanbeembeddedinanHTMLpage.Theycannotaccesscertainresourcesonlocalcomputerssuchasfilesandserialdevicesandareprohibitedfromcommunicationwithmostothercomputersacrossanetwork.

ApplicationServiceProvider（ASP）

ASPsprovidetheinfrastructureneededtodeliverreliableapplicationaccess,includingenterpriseapplications,hardwareplatforms,operatingsystems,databasesystems,networkhardwareaswellasthetechnicalexpertisetomakeitallworkforamonthlyservicecharge.

ASCII

AmericanStandardCodeforInformationInterchange.Aneight-bitcodeforcharacterrepresentation,includessevenbitsplusparity.

ASP

ApplicationServiceProvider.AcompanythatoffersaccessovertheInternettoapplicationprogramsandrelatedservicesthatwouldotherwisehavetobelocatedinotherownpersonalorenterprisecomputers.

AtomicData

Dataelementsthatrepresentthelowestlevelofdetail.Forexample,inadailysalesreport,theindividualitemssoldwouldbeatomicdata,whilerollupssuchasinvoiceandsummarytotalsfrominvoicesareaggregatedata.

Attribute

Afieldrepresentedbyacolumnwithinanobject（entity）.Anobjectmaybeatable,vieworreport.AnattributeisalsoassociatedwithanSGML（HTML）tagusedtofurtherdefinetheusage.

AuthorizationRequest

Arequestinitiatedbyaconsumertoaccessdataforwhichtheconsumerdoesnotpresentlyhaveaccessprivileges.

AuthorizationRules

Criteriausedtodeterminewhetherornotanindividual,group,orapplicationmayaccessreferencedataoraprocess.

Availability

Useraccesstoapplicationsand/ordatastoresthatresideandexecuteoncomputingsystemsaccessinginformationthatresidesinfilesanddatabasessupportedbyanorganization’svariousoperatingenvironments.

B

B2B

Business-to-businesscommerceconductedovertheWeb.

B2C

Business-to-consumercommerceconductedovertheInternet.Itlinksconsumerstocommercialentitiesinone-waynetworks.

BalancedScorecard

Acomprehensive,top-downviewoforganizationalperformancewithastrongfocusonvisionandstrategy.In1992thefoundingfathersoftheBalancedScorecard,Drs.RobertKaplanandDavidNorton,debutedtheirmethodologyintheHarvardBusinessReview.Then,in1996,theyreleasedTheBalancedScorecardTranslatingStrategyintoAction,theso-calledbibleoftheBalancedScorecard.

BalancedScorecardCollaborative

Aprofessionalservicesfirmdedicatedtotheworldwideawareness,use,enhancementandintegrityofthebalancedscorecardasavalue-addedmanagementprocess.

BalancedScorecardCollaborativeCertification

Anindustry-standardcertificationofferedtosoftwareproviderswhosebalancedscorecardapplicationsmeetthefunctionalstandardsofKaplanandNorton.Theseareapplicationsthatwillenableenduserstoachievethebenefitsofthebalancedscorecardmanagementprocess.

BaldrigeCriteriaforPerformanceExcellence

Criteriaprovidingasystemsperspectiveforunderstandingperformancemanagement.Theyreflectvalidated,leadingmanagementpracticesagainstwhichanorganizationcanmeasureitself.Withtheiracceptancenationallyandinternationallyasthemodelforperformanceexcellence,thecriteriarepresentacommonlanguageforcommunicationamongorganizationsforsharingbestpractices.

Banner

ApictureorgraphicthatstretcheshorizontallyacrossaWebpage.ThesecanbeusedtotitletheWebpage,startorseparatedifferentsections,createlinkstootherWebpages,orprovideaplaceforadvertisements.

BannerAdvertising

AmarketingmechanismthatcontainsstripsofadvertisementsthataresporadicallypositionedonawebpageandareextremelypopularontheWorldWideWeb.ThesetypesofadsgenerallytakeupaconsiderableamountofbandwidthandaresometimesdisturbingtotheWebuser.

BaseTables

Thenormalizeddatastructuresmaintainedinthetargetwarehousingdatabase.Alsoknownasthedetaildata.

BaselIINewAccord（Basel2,NewAccord）

Thisisasetofbankingstandards,whichwillregulatefinanceandbankingforcountriesintheEuropeanUnion.TheBaselCommitteeonBankingSupervisionistaskedwiththegoaltocompletetheNewAccordbymid-year2004,withimplementationtotakeeffectinmembercountriesbyyear-end2006.Tothatend,workalreadyhasbeguninanumberofcountriesondraftrulesthatwouldintegrateBaselcapitalstandardswithnationalcapitalregimes.BaselIIisfocusedspecificallyonglobalbanksandfinancialinstitutionsandensuresliquidityofthoseinstitutionsfortheprotectionofpublictrust.

Benchmarking

Apointofreferenceformeasurement.

BenefitSegmentation

Theprocessofgroupingcustomersintomarketsegmentsaccordingtothebenefitstheyseekfromtheproduct.Referstotheirneedsandwantsonly.

BestPractices

Acasestudyconsideredtobeagoodexampleofabusinessdiscipline.

BidirectionalExtracts

Theabilitytoextract,cleanseandtransferdataintwodirectionsamongdifferenttypesofdatabases,includinghierarchical,networkedandrelationaldatabases.

BrakingMechanism

Asoftwaremechanismthatpreventsusersfromqueryingtheoperationaldatabaseoncetransactionloadsreachacertainlevel.

BricksandMortar

Referstobusinessesthatexistintherealworldasopposedtojustthecyberworldsuchasbricks-and-mortarretailoutlets,bricks-and-mortarwarehouses,etc.

Browser

Thegenerictermforsoftwareprogramsthatretrieve,displayandprintinformationWorldWideWeb.ThemostpopularbrowsersareMicrosoftInternetExplorer,NetscapeNavigatorandMosaic.Mosaicwasthefirstbrowsertointroducegraphics.Previously,userswereonlyallowedtoviewthetextofWebpages.Currently,MicrosoftOutlookisthemostpopularbrowserintheworld.

BulkDataTransfer

Asoftware-basedmechanismdesignedtomovelargedatafiles.Itsupportscompression,blockingandbufferingtooptimizetransfertimes.

BusinessActivityMonitoring（BAM）

BAMisabusinesssolutionthatissupportedbyanadvancedtechnicalinfrastructurethatenablesrapidinsightintonewbusinessstrategies,thereductionofoperatingcostbyreal-timeidentificationofissuesandimprovedprocessperformance.

BusinessArchitecture

Oneofthefourlayersofaninformationsystemsarchitecture.Abusinessarchitecturedescribesthefunctionsabusinessperformsandtheinformationituses.

BusinessContinuity

Thedegreetowhichanorganizationmayachieveu