新高考届高考英语小题必练13阅读理解之细节理解题.docx
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新高考届高考英语小题必练13阅读理解之细节理解题
(1)文章细节对于理解全文内容至关重要,同时也是归纳和概括文章中心思想的基础。
(2)命题人员会要求考生根据不同的要求,阅读文章以获得某些特定的信息或准确地寻求所需的细节。
(3)这类试题有时比较直接,理解字面意思即可答题;有时则较为间接,需要归纳、概括和推理才能答题。
细节理解题占阅读理解总题量的60%左右。
1.直接信息题
【典例】(2020·山东卷A篇节选)
50HonorableMentions:
Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.
Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?
A.Aplaneticket.
B.AbookbyCorinneSzabo.
C.AspecialT-shirt.
D.AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。
根据50HonorableMentions这一段“Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight”,由此可知,纪念奖是送的T恤,故选C。
【点拨】第一步:
依据题干信息,选择定位关键词
细节理解题直接信息题一般是对文章局部内容的考查,且题目相对简单,所以,不必通篇细读全文,可先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。
关键词主要是题干中的名词,动词和数词,即问题的核心信息。
第二步:
依据关键词,回原文定位信息进行比对
确定了定位关键词后,运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词,回到原文进行信息定位,然后将选项内容与原文信息比对,得出正确答案。
2.间接信息题
【典例】(2020·山东卷B篇节选)
Throughitall,sheremainedingoodacademicstandingandgraduatedwithhonors.Jennifersacrificed(牺牲)toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.“Somenightsmyheartwasbreakingtohavetopickbetweenmykidsandstudyingforexamsorpapers,”shesays.However,herchildrenhavelearnedanimportantlessonwitnessingtheirmotherearnherdegree.Jenniferisafirst-generationgraduateandaninspirationtoherfamily—andthat’sprettypowerful.
WhatdidJennifersacrificetoachievehergoal?
A.Herhealth.B.Hertimewithfamily.
C.Herreputation.D.Herchanceofpromotion.
【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。
根据“Jennifersacrificed(牺牲)toachievehergoal,givingupmanynightswithherkidsandmissingimportanteventstostudy.”,可知,主人公为了学业,不能陪伴孩子,故选B。
【点拨】间接信息题相比直接信息题,命题的隐蔽性更强,正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。
此类题目需要考生将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换,有时还需要进一步的加工或整理。
3.数字计算题
【典例】(2020·山东卷A篇节选)
3GrandPrizes:
TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.
Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?
A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Six.
【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。
根据3GrandPrizes中第一句“TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice.”可知,旅行可以携带两个人,故选A。
【点拨】数字计算题要求考生在原文中找到有关的数字信息,再对相关的信息和数字进行分析和理解,利用加、减、乘、除等运算方法进行计算,确定答案。
A
EssayCompetition
Theaimofthiscontestistoencouragegreatstudentwritersandtogivethemaleg-upintheirstudies.
Prizes
OneGrandPrizewinnerwillreceive:
$1,000incash;theessaypublishedinourmagazine’sMay2021issue;aninterviewwithourmagazine’sauthor.
TenFirstPlacewinnerswillreceive:
$500incash;theirnamesandessaytitleslistedinourmagazine'sMay2021issue.
FiftyHonorableMentionwinnerswillreceive:
a$50giftcardtoouronlineshop.
Requirements
*Thelengthoftheessayshouldbebetween500-700words.
*Writeanessayonthetopicof:
HowFoodAffectsOurMood.
*Pleasewriteaboutthreereasonsforbelievinginyourthesis(论点)statementintheformofbodyparagraphsandbackupyourreasonswithpracticalevidencefromrespectedsources.
*Donotwriteaboutyourselfanddon’texplainwhyyoudeservetowintheprizes.
Deadlines
Early-BirdDeadline:
May4,2020--Freefortheentry.
Deadline:
June5,2020--$5fortheentry.
ExtendedDeadline:
July22,2020--$10fortheentry.
1.WhatwillOneGrandPrizewinnersberewardedwith?
A.Receiving$1500incash.
B.Havingtheiressaytitleslistedinthemagazine.
C.Receivingagiftcardtotheparticularonlineshop.
D.Gaininganopportunitytomeetthemagazine'sauthor.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。
根据“aninterviewwithourmagazine’sauthor”可知,特等奖将有和杂志主编见面的机会。
故选D。
2.Whichofthefollowingmeetstherequirements?
A.Writinganessayofmorethan800words.
B.Submittinganessayaboutfoodnutrition.
C.Expressingyourstrongdesiretogettheaward.
D.Supportingyourreasonswithcredibleevidence.
【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。
答案定位到“Requirements”部分,“Pleasewriteaboutthreereasonsforbelievinginyourthesis(论点)statementintheformofbodyparagraphsandbackupyourreasonswithpracticalevidencefromrespectedsources.”请在文章主体部分,写出3个论据来支撑你的论点,论据要从可信度高的资料中获得,要是实用的证据。
故选D。
3.Whencanyousubmityouressayforfree?
A.June4,2020.B.May25,2020.C.March4,2020.D.July25,2020.
【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。
答案定位到“Deadlines”部分,“Early-BirdDeadline:
May4,2020--Freefortheentry.”可知20202年5月4日以前是免费的,故选C。
B
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