历年成人高考《英语》试题及答案汇总高起点.docx
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历年成人高考《英语》试题及答案汇总高起点
21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册Unit3
UNIT3
TextA
Pre-readingActivities
FirstListening
1.Asyoulistentothetapethefirsttime,fillinthemissingpartsintheblanks.
A)Jackisinterestedinajobasan________managerlocatedin_______.
B)Hisqualificationsinclude_______yearsofexperienceknowinghowtouse________.
C)Hebelievesthatpeopleare_______everywhere.
SecondListening
2.Whatisthedisagreementabout?
Whoseopiniondoyouagreemorewith?
Why?
TheTaleofaCulturalTranslator
JointventuresinvolvingWesternandJapanesecompaniesoftenrunintoconflicts—amultitudeoflittlethingsthatescalateintobigemotionalbattlesinwhichallthepartieskeepexclaiming:
"What'swrongwiththem!
?
Cantheyunderstandthat...?
!
"Butbecausetheconflictsaremainlyduetoculturaldifferences,neithersidecanunderstand—unlesstheyhavea"culturaltranslator".
ThefirstculturaltranslatorIevermetwasaninstallationengineer,Georgebyname,whoworkedforanAmericancompanywhereIwasthedirectorofinternationaloperations.ThecompanyhadjuststartedajointventurewithaJapanesefirm,andtheAmericanmanagementneededsomeonetotraintheJapaneseemployeesinitsuniquetechnology.George'ssolidunderstandingoftheequipment,itsinstallationandusemadehimthebest-qualifiedemployeeforthejob,soeveryonewashappywhenGeorgeacceptedatwo-yearcontractfortemporarytransfertoJapan.
Fromthestart,GeorgewaswellacceptedbyalltheJapaneseemployees.JapanesemanagersoftendistrustanyonesenttorepresentUSowners,butGeorgewassonaturallynonassertivethatnoonecouldseehimasathreattotheircareers.Sotheyfeltcomfortableaskinghisadviceonawiderangeofmatters,includingtheoddbehavioroftheirpartnersacrosstheocean.EngineersthroughoutthecompanyappreciatedGeorge'sexpertiseandhisfriendlyandcapablehelp,andtheygotintothehabitofturningtohimwhenevertheyhadaproblem—anyproblem.AndthesecretariesintheofficewereeagertohelpthisnicebachelorlearnJapanese.
Soonerthananyoneexpected,thecompanybecameaprofitable,thrivingandgrowingventure.George'sfirsttwo-yearcontractcametoanend.Bythen,hecouldspeakgoodJapanese,andhadpickedupJapanesehabits.Hedrankgreenteaatallhours,atericeateverymealandhadevenlearnedtositproperlyonJapanesetatamimats.SowhenGeorgewasofferedasecondtwo-yearJapanesecontract,heacceptedatonce.Anothercontractfollowed,andGeorge'sloveaffairwithJapaneseculturecontinued.
ButasGeorge'ssixthyearinthecountrywascomingtoanend,anunexpecteddifficultybecameapparent:
TheJapaneseengineershadsurpassedGeorgeintheirknowledgeoftherapidly-changingtechnology.Hehadnothinglefttoteachthem.
WasthistheendforpoorGeorge?
Wastherenothingmorehecouldoffertothenow-maturejointventurehehadservedsoloyally?
Wouldhehavetoleavethecountryhehadcometolove?
No!
FacedwiththethreatofanunwillingdeparturefromJapan,Georgereinventedhimselfasa"culturaltranslator".
TheideacametoGeorgeonedaywhentheJapanesejoint-venturepresidentwas—again—offendedbyamessagefromtheAmericanmanagement.Asusualinsuchsituations,hestormedintoGeorge'sofficeandthrewthemessageinfrontofhiminafury.AndGeorge,asusual,readthemessageandexplainedinhiscalmmannerwhattheAmericanshadreallymeantbyit,notwhatitsoundedlikeinthecontextofJapaneseculture.
Fortunatelyforeveryone,boththeJapaneseandAmericansidesofthejointventurehadheardenoughhorrorstoriesaboutculturalconflictstorecognizethevalueofGeorge'sskills,sowhenheproposedthisnewpositionforhimself,theideawasquicklyapproved.Thewisdomofthisdecisionwasprovedagainandagainovertheyears.
AttimessomethingfarmoreimportantthangoodEnglishwasneeded.OnesuchcasewaswhentheJapaneseaccountanthadtoexplainthe$46,534spenton874December-holidaypresents.OrtherewasthetimewhentheJapanesepersonnelmanagerhadtojustifykeepingachemistonthepayrolleventhoughthecompanynolongerneededhisexpertise.Incaseslikethese,everyoneturnedtoGeorge.
Somehoworother,hemadetheirmessagessoundatleasthalfwaysensibletoAmericans.AndwhentherewassomethingthatevenGeorgecouldn't"translate"intoAmerican-stylesense,hewouldwrite,"Thiswillsoundcrazy,butyoushouldgoalongwithitanyway."
Itworkedtheotherwayaround,too.WhentheAmericanmanagersvisitedJapan,Georgeaccompanieduseverywheretoensurethatwedidn'tdoorsayanythingtoostupidfromtheJapaneseviewpoint.Wheneverwedidthatanyway,hecametotherescueatonce:
"Whattheyreallymeanis...."WholemultitudesofdifficultiesneverarosethankstoGeorge'sskillatsmoothingoversmallconflictsbeforetheybecamebig,emotionalandcostly.
SinceleavingthatcompanyinGeorge'scapablehands,I'veadvisedmanyfirmsoninternationaloperations.Andmyfirstrecommendationisalwaysthesame:
Don'tworryaboutlanguageproblems—thefirstthingyouneedisaculturaltranslator.
(776words)
NewWords
joint
a.shared,heldordonebytwoormorepeople共享的;共有的;共同做的
jointventure
n.合资企业
conflict
n.1.astateofseriousdisagreementorargumentaboutsth.important抵触;争论
2.warorbattle;struggle战争;战斗;冲突
vi.(with)冲突;抵触
*multitude
n.alargenumberof大批;大量
*escalate
v.makeorbecomegreaterormoreserious(使)逐步升级;(使)逐步加剧
emotional
a.1.havingorcausingstrongfeelings(令人)情绪激动的
2.concernedwithemotionsandfeelings感情(上)的;情绪(上)的
party
n.apersonorgroupofpeopleinvolvedinanargument,agreement,orotheractivity,esp.alegalmatter(条约、诉讼、争论等中的)一方,当事人
exclaim
v.speakorsayloudlyandsuddenly,becauseofsurpriseorotherstrongfeelings(由于惊讶、痛苦、愤怒、高兴等而)叫嚷,叫喊
installation
n.1.安装;设置
2.装置;设备
management
n.1.thepeoplewhocontrolandorganizeabusinessorotherorganization管理层;管理部门
2.管理;经营
equipment
n.thesetofthingsneededforaparticularactivity设备;装备
qualified
a.havingsuitableknowledgeorqualifications,esp.forajob胜任的;合格的
qualify
v.(causeto)gainacertainlevelofknowledge,ability,orperformance,oraqualification(使)取得资格
contract
n.aformalwrittenagreement,havingtheforceoflaw,betweentwoormorepeopleorgroups合同,契约
v.l.订(约);承包
2.收缩,缩小
distrust
v.lacktrustin;mistrust不信任;怀疑
n.lackoftrust;mistrust不信任;怀疑
represent
vt.1.actorspeakofficiallyfor(anotherpersonorgroupofpeople)代表
2.象征;体现
naturally
ad.1.inamannertobeexpected,asanaturalresult可预期地,自然地
2.accordingtothenatureofsb.orsth.天生地;天然地
nonassertive
a.notexpressingortendingtoexpressstrongopinionsorclaims谦虚的;不武断的
behavio(u)r
n.mannerofacting行为;举止
partner
n.apersonwhoshares(inthesameactivity)合伙人;合作者;伙伴
*expertise
n.specialskillorknowledgeinaparticularfield专门知识(或技能、意见等),专长
*bachelor
n.anunmarriedman未婚男子;单身汉
*profitable
a.producingorresultinginprofitoradvantage有利(可图)的,有赢利的;有益的
thrive
vi.developwellandbehealthy,strong,orsuccessful繁荣;茁壮成长
properly
ad.1.suitably,correctly,sensibly适当地;正确地
2.really,actually,exactly真正地
tatami
n.(日)榻榻米(指日本人铺在房内地板上的稻草垫)
mat
n.1.asmallpieceofcarpetorotherthickmaterialwhichisputonthefloorforprotection,decoration,orcomfort地席;席子
2.垫子
apparent
a.1.(to)clearlyseenorunderstood显然的,明明白白的
2.seeming;accordingtoappearance表面上的
*surpass
vt.exceed;gobeyondinamount,quality,ordegree超过;超越
loyally
ad.faithfully忠诚地,忠实地
loyal
a.faithful忠诚的,忠实的
departure
n.1.theactofleavingaplace离开;启程
2.turningawayfromwhatisplannedorwhatisusuallydone背离;违反
context
n.1.thegeneralconditionsinwhichsth.takesplace背景;环境
2.whatcomesbeforeandafterawordorsentencewhichhelpstofixthemeaning上下文
horror
a.(ofastoryorfilm)intendedtobeveryfrightening(文学作品、电影等)意在引起恐怖的
n.astrongfeelingcausedbysth.extremelyunpleasant恐惧;震惊
propose
vt.1.suggest;putforwardforconsideration建议;提出
2.(as,tobe)putforwardtobevotedon提名,推荐
approve
r.(of)agree(officially)to同意,批准
accountant
n.会计师
personnel
n.1.thedepartmentinanorganizationthatdealswithemployees,keepstheirrecords,andhelpswithanyproblemstheymighthave人事部门
2.[总称]职员
justify
vt.giveagoodreasonfor证明…正当(或有理)
*justification
n.agoodorproperreasonfordoingsth.正当的理由;辩解的理由
payroll
n.alistofworkersemployedbyacompanyandtheamountofwageseachpersonistobepaid工资表;在职人员名单
sensible
a.1.reasonable;havingorshowinggoodsense合情合理的;明白事理的
2.(of)knowing;aware知道的;意识到的
crazy
a.1.(infml.)foolishorstrange愚蠢的;古怪的
2.(infml.)wildlyexcited;verykeenorinterested着迷的;热衷的
accompany
vt.1.gowith,esp.onajourney陪同;陪伴
2.(fml.)appearorexistatthesametimeorinthesameplaceas和…一起发生(存在)
ensure
vt.(esp.BrE)make(sth.)certaintohappen保证,担保
viewpoint
n.pointofview;aparticularwayofconsideringorjudgingasituation,person,event,etc.观点;看法
PhrasesandExpressions
runint
o
unexpectedlybegintoexperience;meetbychance意外遇到;偶然遇到
amultitudeof/multitudesof
averylargenumberof许多,众多
dueto
becauseof;causedby由于,因为
byname
withthenameof名叫
getintothehabitof
developaregularwayofdoing(sth.)养成…的习惯
cometoanend
(ofsth.whichgoesonforawhile)finish,stop结束;终了
pickup
acquirewithouteffort获得;学会
befacedwith
beconfrontedwith面临着(某种情况)
attimes
sometimes;onceinawhile有时;间或
keepsb.onthepayroll
keepsb.employed使某人留任
somehoworother
inonewayoranother以某种方式
goalongwith
agreewit