历年成人高考《英语》试题及答案汇总高起点.docx

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历年成人高考《英语》试题及答案汇总高起点

21世纪大学英语读写教程第二册Unit3

UNIT3

TextA

Pre-readingActivities

FirstListening

1.Asyoulistentothetapethefirsttime,fillinthemissingpartsintheblanks.

A）Jackisinterestedinajobasan________managerlocatedin_______.

B）Hisqualificationsinclude_______yearsofexperienceknowinghowtouse________.

C）Hebelievesthatpeopleare_______everywhere.

SecondListening

2.Whatisthedisagreementabout?

Whoseopiniondoyouagreemorewith?

Why?

TheTaleofaCulturalTranslator

JointventuresinvolvingWesternandJapanesecompaniesoftenrunintoconflicts—amultitudeoflittlethingsthatescalateintobigemotionalbattlesinwhichallthepartieskeepexclaiming:

"What'swrongwiththem!

?

Cantheyunderstandthat...?

!

"Butbecausetheconflictsaremainlyduetoculturaldifferences,neithersidecanunderstand—unlesstheyhavea"culturaltranslator".

ThefirstculturaltranslatorIevermetwasaninstallationengineer,Georgebyname,whoworkedforanAmericancompanywhereIwasthedirectorofinternationaloperations.ThecompanyhadjuststartedajointventurewithaJapanesefirm,andtheAmericanmanagementneededsomeonetotraintheJapaneseemployeesinitsuniquetechnology.George'ssolidunderstandingoftheequipment,itsinstallationandusemadehimthebest-qualifiedemployeeforthejob,soeveryonewashappywhenGeorgeacceptedatwo-yearcontractfortemporarytransfertoJapan.

Fromthestart,GeorgewaswellacceptedbyalltheJapaneseemployees.JapanesemanagersoftendistrustanyonesenttorepresentUSowners,butGeorgewassonaturallynonassertivethatnoonecouldseehimasathreattotheircareers.Sotheyfeltcomfortableaskinghisadviceonawiderangeofmatters,includingtheoddbehavioroftheirpartnersacrosstheocean.EngineersthroughoutthecompanyappreciatedGeorge'sexpertiseandhisfriendlyandcapablehelp,andtheygotintothehabitofturningtohimwhenevertheyhadaproblem—anyproblem.AndthesecretariesintheofficewereeagertohelpthisnicebachelorlearnJapanese.

Soonerthananyoneexpected,thecompanybecameaprofitable,thrivingandgrowingventure.George'sfirsttwo-yearcontractcametoanend.Bythen,hecouldspeakgoodJapanese,andhadpickedupJapanesehabits.Hedrankgreenteaatallhours,atericeateverymealandhadevenlearnedtositproperlyonJapanesetatamimats.SowhenGeorgewasofferedasecondtwo-yearJapanesecontract,heacceptedatonce.Anothercontractfollowed,andGeorge'sloveaffairwithJapaneseculturecontinued.

ButasGeorge'ssixthyearinthecountrywascomingtoanend,anunexpecteddifficultybecameapparent:

TheJapaneseengineershadsurpassedGeorgeintheirknowledgeoftherapidly-changingtechnology.Hehadnothinglefttoteachthem.

WasthistheendforpoorGeorge?

Wastherenothingmorehecouldoffertothenow-maturejointventurehehadservedsoloyally?

Wouldhehavetoleavethecountryhehadcometolove?

No!

FacedwiththethreatofanunwillingdeparturefromJapan,Georgereinventedhimselfasa"culturaltranslator".

TheideacametoGeorgeonedaywhentheJapanesejoint-venturepresidentwas—again—offendedbyamessagefromtheAmericanmanagement.Asusualinsuchsituations,hestormedintoGeorge'sofficeandthrewthemessageinfrontofhiminafury.AndGeorge,asusual,readthemessageandexplainedinhiscalmmannerwhattheAmericanshadreallymeantbyit,notwhatitsoundedlikeinthecontextofJapaneseculture.

Fortunatelyforeveryone,boththeJapaneseandAmericansidesofthejointventurehadheardenoughhorrorstoriesaboutculturalconflictstorecognizethevalueofGeorge'sskills,sowhenheproposedthisnewpositionforhimself,theideawasquicklyapproved.Thewisdomofthisdecisionwasprovedagainandagainovertheyears.

AttimessomethingfarmoreimportantthangoodEnglishwasneeded.OnesuchcasewaswhentheJapaneseaccountanthadtoexplainthe$46,534spenton874December-holidaypresents.OrtherewasthetimewhentheJapanesepersonnelmanagerhadtojustifykeepingachemistonthepayrolleventhoughthecompanynolongerneededhisexpertise.Incaseslikethese,everyoneturnedtoGeorge.

Somehoworother,hemadetheirmessagessoundatleasthalfwaysensibletoAmericans.AndwhentherewassomethingthatevenGeorgecouldn't"translate"intoAmerican-stylesense,hewouldwrite,"Thiswillsoundcrazy,butyoushouldgoalongwithitanyway."

Itworkedtheotherwayaround,too.WhentheAmericanmanagersvisitedJapan,Georgeaccompanieduseverywheretoensurethatwedidn'tdoorsayanythingtoostupidfromtheJapaneseviewpoint.Wheneverwedidthatanyway,hecametotherescueatonce:

"Whattheyreallymeanis...."WholemultitudesofdifficultiesneverarosethankstoGeorge'sskillatsmoothingoversmallconflictsbeforetheybecamebig,emotionalandcostly.

SinceleavingthatcompanyinGeorge'scapablehands,I'veadvisedmanyfirmsoninternationaloperations.Andmyfirstrecommendationisalwaysthesame:

Don'tworryaboutlanguageproblems—thefirstthingyouneedisaculturaltranslator.

（776words）

NewWords

joint

a.shared,heldordonebytwoormorepeople共享的；共有的；共同做的

jointventure

n.合资企业

conflict

n.1.astateofseriousdisagreementorargumentaboutsth.important抵触；争论

2.warorbattle;struggle战争；战斗；冲突

vi.（with）冲突；抵触

*multitude

n.alargenumberof大批；大量

*escalate

v.makeorbecomegreaterormoreserious（使）逐步升级；（使）逐步加剧

emotional

a.1.havingorcausingstrongfeelings（令人）情绪激动的

2.concernedwithemotionsandfeelings感情（上）的；情绪（上）的

party

n.apersonorgroupofpeopleinvolvedinanargument,agreement,orotheractivity,esp.alegalmatter（条约、诉讼、争论等中的）一方，当事人

exclaim

v.speakorsayloudlyandsuddenly,becauseofsurpriseorotherstrongfeelings（由于惊讶、痛苦、愤怒、高兴等而）叫嚷，叫喊

installation

n.1.安装；设置

2.装置；设备

management

n.1.thepeoplewhocontrolandorganizeabusinessorotherorganization管理层；管理部门

2.管理；经营

equipment

n.thesetofthingsneededforaparticularactivity设备；装备

qualified

a.havingsuitableknowledgeorqualifications,esp.forajob胜任的；合格的

qualify

v.（causeto）gainacertainlevelofknowledge,ability,orperformance,oraqualification（使）取得资格

contract

n.aformalwrittenagreement,havingtheforceoflaw,betweentwoormorepeopleorgroups合同，契约

v.l.订（约）；承包

2.收缩，缩小

distrust

v.lacktrustin;mistrust不信任；怀疑

n.lackoftrust;mistrust不信任；怀疑

represent

vt.1.actorspeakofficiallyfor（anotherpersonorgroupofpeople）代表

2.象征；体现

naturally

ad.1.inamannertobeexpected,asanaturalresult可预期地，自然地

2.accordingtothenatureofsb.orsth.天生地；天然地

nonassertive

a.notexpressingortendingtoexpressstrongopinionsorclaims谦虚的；不武断的

behavio（u）r

n.mannerofacting行为；举止

partner

n.apersonwhoshares（inthesameactivity）合伙人；合作者；伙伴

*expertise

n.specialskillorknowledgeinaparticularfield专门知识（或技能、意见等），专长

*bachelor

n.anunmarriedman未婚男子；单身汉

*profitable

a.producingorresultinginprofitoradvantage有利（可图）的，有赢利的；有益的

thrive

vi.developwellandbehealthy,strong,orsuccessful繁荣；茁壮成长

properly

ad.1.suitably,correctly,sensibly适当地；正确地

2.really,actually,exactly真正地

tatami

n.（日）榻榻米（指日本人铺在房内地板上的稻草垫）

mat

n.1.asmallpieceofcarpetorotherthickmaterialwhichisputonthefloorforprotection,decoration,orcomfort地席；席子

2.垫子

apparent

a.1.（to）clearlyseenorunderstood显然的，明明白白的

2.seeming;accordingtoappearance表面上的

*surpass

vt.exceed;gobeyondinamount,quality,ordegree超过；超越

loyally

ad.faithfully忠诚地，忠实地

loyal

a.faithful忠诚的，忠实的

departure

n.1.theactofleavingaplace离开；启程

2.turningawayfromwhatisplannedorwhatisusuallydone背离；违反

context

n.1.thegeneralconditionsinwhichsth.takesplace背景；环境

2.whatcomesbeforeandafterawordorsentencewhichhelpstofixthemeaning上下文

horror

a.（ofastoryorfilm）intendedtobeveryfrightening（文学作品、电影等）意在引起恐怖的

n.astrongfeelingcausedbysth.extremelyunpleasant恐惧；震惊

propose

vt.1.suggest;putforwardforconsideration建议；提出

2.（as,tobe）putforwardtobevotedon提名，推荐

approve

r.（of）agree（officially）to同意，批准

accountant

n.会计师

personnel

n.1.thedepartmentinanorganizationthatdealswithemployees,keepstheirrecords,andhelpswithanyproblemstheymighthave人事部门

2.［总称］职员

justify

vt.giveagoodreasonfor证明…正当（或有理）

*justification

n.agoodorproperreasonfordoingsth.正当的理由；辩解的理由

payroll

n.alistofworkersemployedbyacompanyandtheamountofwageseachpersonistobepaid工资表；在职人员名单

sensible

a.1.reasonable；havingorshowinggoodsense合情合理的；明白事理的

2.（of）knowing；aware知道的；意识到的

crazy

a.1.（infml.）foolishorstrange愚蠢的；古怪的

2.（infml.）wildlyexcited;verykeenorinterested着迷的；热衷的

accompany

vt.1.gowith,esp.onajourney陪同；陪伴

2.（fml.）appearorexistatthesametimeorinthesameplaceas和…一起发生（存在）

ensure

vt.（esp.BrE）make（sth.）certaintohappen保证，担保

viewpoint

n.pointofview；aparticularwayofconsideringorjudgingasituation,person,event,etc.观点；看法

PhrasesandExpressions

runint

o

unexpectedlybegintoexperience;meetbychance意外遇到；偶然遇到

amultitudeof/multitudesof

averylargenumberof许多，众多

dueto

becauseof;causedby由于，因为

byname

withthenameof名叫

getintothehabitof

developaregularwayofdoing（sth.）养成…的习惯

cometoanend

（ofsth.whichgoesonforawhile）finish,stop结束；终了

pickup

acquirewithouteffort获得；学会

befacedwith

beconfrontedwith面临着（某种情况）

attimes

sometimes;onceinawhile有时；间或

keepsb.onthepayroll

keepsb.employed使某人留任

somehoworother

inonewayoranother以某种方式

goalongwith

agreewit