八年级下册Unit 2 讲义.docx

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八年级下册Unit 2 讲义.docx

八年级下册Unit2讲义

Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks

第一部分:

课文重点语法讲解

动词短语的构成规律

在英语中,动词之后加上介词,副词,或者其它词构成的短语表达一种特定的含义,我们称之为动词短语。

在使用时要把他们看成是一个整体,常见的动词短语主要有以下四种:

1.动词+介词

waitfor,lookfor,sendfor,lookafter,comefrom,hearfrom,thinkof,dependon等。

这类动词短语相当于一个及物动词,后面加宾语,而且宾语只能放在介词之后。

Iamlookingformypen.

中考:

Wehaveto____________ourselveswhenweareawayfromhome.

A.lookatB.lookforC.lookupD.lookafter

2.动词+副词

cheerup,cleanup,putup,fixup,workout,giveout,giveaway,takeaway,thinkover,handin,takeoff等。

这类动词做及物动词时,如果名词作宾语,可以放在短语后面,也可以放在短语中间;如果代词做宾语,必须放在短语中间。

例如:

(1)Hetookoffhiscoat.=Hetookhiscoatoff.

(2)Thisquestionisverydifficult.Youshouldthinkitover.

中考:

Boy,yourbooksareeverywhere.Please_____________.

A.putthemupB.putthemonC.putthemaway

3.动词+副词+介词

addupto,catchupwith,getalongwith,runoutof,keepawayfrom等,这些短语是及物动词,后面要跟宾语。

例如:

Marygetsalongwellwithherstudents.

中考:

AstudentinFudanUniversitywaskilledbyhisroommatesjustbecauseofsmallthingsindailylife.Itisimportantforstudentslearnhowto_______________.

A.getonwithB.comeovertoC.stayawayfrom

4.动词+名词+介词

makefunof,makeuseof,payattentionto,takecareof等,这些短语是及物动词,后面也要加宾语。

例如:

Don’tmakefunofotherpeople.

中考:

Thanksforyourinvitation,butI’msosorryIcan’tgo.Ineedto___________mybabyathome.

A.takeawayB.takeoffC.takecareofD.takeoutof

语法巩固练习:

1.Hermotherisill.Shehastostayathomeand____________hermother.

A.lookatB.lookforC.lookafterD.looklover

2.I’mdoingmyhomework.Wouldyoupleaseturnyourradio____________alittle?

A.upB.downC.offD.on

3.Studyhardandyoucan____________others.

A.catchupB.catchupwithC.catchholdofD.getalongwith

4.Youshouldpayattentionto_____________fromothers.

A.learnB.learntC.learnsD.learning

5.—Whendidtheaccident_____________?

—Lastnight.

A.takeplaceB.takeoffC.haveonDonshow

二.用适当的介词或副词填空。

1.Theboyhurriedtoclean________piecesofthebrokenplateswhenhesawhismothercomingin.

2.Ifyoucan’treadthewords,pleaselookthem___________inthedictionary.

3.Don’tput___________untiltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.

4.Wetriedtocheerher_________bytellingherfunnystories.

5.Theyset_____________atentbythelake.

6.Thebagisfilled_____________sand.It’stooheavy.

7.Ithasalwaysbeendifficult______________metodonormalthings.

8.Theproblemisveryhard.Hecan’tworkit_____________.

第二部分:

课文重点内容讲解

SectionA

Youcouldhelptocleanupthecityparks.

1.

(1)could在此并不是表示过去,而是表示比can更为委婉的一中语气。

例如:

CouldIhelpyou?

(2)尤其注意在宾语从句中的用法:

【2013河南中考】

—MissLee,Ididn’tcatchwhatyousaid.Couldyoutellme__________again?

—Ok.

A.whatshouldwetakeB.whereshallwemeetC.whenwewouldstartD.howwewillgetthere

2.

(1)cleanup“打扫干净”“动词+副词”构成的短语,若代词做宾语时要放在短语中间。

例如:

Thereissomebrokenglassontheground.Pleasecleanitup.

(2)与up有关的相关短语及意思。

callup给……打电话giveup放弃cheerup使振奋useup用完putup建立,张贴等

(3)中考

—Wouldyou________________________________________(不要在墙上张贴广告)(mind)

—Sorry,Iwon’tdoitanymore.

(mindnotputtinguptheadsonthewall.)

Thegirlcouldvisitthesickkidsinthehospitaltocheerthemup.

1.sick,adj,病的,有病的

(1)Thechildissick.(做表语)

(2)Thisisasickchild..(做定语)

(3)the+sick表示“病人”(rich,poor,old,young,blind,deaf等用法同)

2.ill,adj

Thischildisill.(正确)Thisisanillchild.(错误)注意:

ill只能做表语,不能做定语。

3.cheerup,使振奋,使高兴,动词+副词。

中考

我们得尽力使他振作起来。

Weshouldtryto________him______.

Theboycouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank.这个男孩可以在食品救济站发放食物。

1.

(1)giveout“分发,发放”相当于handout.

(2)give有关的短语giveoff发出,放出giveover停止giveup放弃givein屈服

(3)中考

ManysocialworkerswenttoYa’antohelp____________cleanwaterandfoodtolocalpeopletoreducetheirpainfromtheearthquake.

A.putoutB.comeoutC.workoutD.giveout

2.atthefoodbank

中考:

MissChenisourEnglishteacher.Shealwaystalkstouswithasmile____________herface.

A.atB.inC.toD.on

answer:

D

Thegirlcouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudyproblemtoteachkids.这个女孩可以在业余辅导站来义务教孩子。

1.volunteer可做名词,动词,形容词

(1)名词,志愿者Thatmanisavolunteerinthattown.

(2)动词,志愿(从事)Theyvolunteertohelpus.

(3)形容词,自愿的Shewaspraisedforhervolunteerwork.

2.toteachkids做目的状语

例如:

Hestoppedtohavearest.

中考

AlltheChinesepeoplemustworkhard______________ChinaDream.

A.torealizeB.realizeC.realizing

Let’smakesomenoticestoo.让我们也做一些公告牌。

1.notice用法

(1)“布告,启示”可数名词.Thereisanoticeonthewallsaying“Nosmokinghere”

(2)“通知”不可数名词.Theserulescan’tbechangedwithoutnotice.

(3)“看到,注意到”Didyounoticehishandwearingaring?

WeneedtocomeupwithaplanfortheCityParkClean-UpDay.

1.comeupwith“提出,想出注意,回答等”Marycomeupagoodideatosolvethisproblem..

中考:

Scientistsaretryingtheirbestto___________waystotreattheterriblediseasecalledH7N9.

A.comeupwithB.lookforwardtoC.talkaboutD.giveup

Answer:

A.

Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.

1.tellsbtodosth/tellsbnottodosth

2.

(1)howthingsusedtobe做told的宾语,是一个how引导的宾语从句。

宾语从句要用陈述句语序。

CanyoutellmeWhenthemeetingwillbengin?

(2)usedto“过去常常”只用于过去时,后接动词原形,表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,现在已经不再发生(或存在)了。

IusedtospeakEnglish.

(3)be/get/growusedtodoingsth习惯于,to是介词,后跟名词,动词,动名词形式。

Igetusedtolivinginbigcities.

中考:

She________livealone.Butshe_________livingalonebecauseshefeelslonely.

A.usedto;doesn’tusedtoB.isusedto;wasusedtoC.usedto;isnotusedtoD.wasusedto;doesn’tusedto

Thatsoundsinteresting.

sound,听起来……

Yeah,alotofoldpeoplearelonely.

1.lonely,adj,“孤独的,寂寞的,荒凉的,偏僻的”做表语或定语。

Ioftenfeellonely.Marylivesinalonelylifeinabighouse.Marylivesonalonelyisland.

2.alone,adj,“单独的,只,只有”只做表语和后置定语。

Theoldmanlivedahardlifealone.

中考:

Thoughheis__________athome,hedoesn’tfeel__________forhehasmanythingstodo.

A.alone,lonelyB.lonely,aloneC.alone;alone

MarioGreenandMaryBrownfromRiversideHighSchoolgiveupseveralhourseachweektohelpothers.

1.giveup“放弃”“动词+副词”介词做宾语要放短语中间位置。

Smokingisbadforyourhealth.Yourbettergiveitup.

2.中考链接

AndreaBocellinever____________,whichmakeshimasuccessfulsinger.

A.takesawayB.givesawayC.getsupD.givesup

Mariobelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob.

1.itcanhelphimtohethisfuturedreamjob做believe的宾语,这是一个宾语从句,it前省略了that.

IthinkthatMaryisangoodstudent.

2.

(1)helpsb(to)dosth

(2)helpsbwithsth

(3)withthehelpofsb

3.togethisfuturedreamjob在句子中是做him(宾语)的补足语。

Pleasehelpme(to)finishmyhomework.不定式短语除了做宾语补足语以外,还可以做主语,视为第三人称单数形式。

Totravelaroundtheworldismydream.

4.在使役动词make,let,have;感官动词“三眼”see,watch,notice;“两耳”,listento,hear“一感觉”feel等动词后面,不定式做宾补时,to经常省略,而在被动语态中,要加上不定式to.

主动:

ImakeMaryfinishherhomework.

被动:

Maryismadetofinishherhomeworkbyme.

巧记不定式做宾补省略to的动词。

不定式做宾补,下列词后省略to。

“三眼,两耳,一感觉,外加三个“小使役”保你永远不忘记。

5.中考链接

Everyonemayfeeltime___________veryquicklywhentheydosomethinginteresting.

A.gobyB.togobyC.wentby

answer:

A

IgetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalsgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowner’sfaces.

1.

(1)such,adj,修饰名词或名词词作Maryissuchabeautifulgirlthatallofuslikeherverymuch.

(2)so,adv,

①用来修饰形容Maryissobeautifulagirlthatallofuslikeherverymuch.

②用来修饰副词MarywalkssoquicklythatIcan’tcatchupwithher.

2.

(1)seesbdosth看见某人做过某事,强调看见某人做某事的全过程。

Isawhimgotonthebus.

(2)seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事,强调看见某人做某事的动作。

Isawagirlreadingintheclassroom.

(3)watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento用法与see的用法同。

3.thelookof,其中look为名词,“表情”Idon’tlikethelookofhim.我不喜欢他的表情。

Lastyear,shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.

1.decide用法

(1)decidetodosth:

MarydecidedtolearnEnglishwell.

(2)decision名词makeadecisiontodosth:

Marymadeabigdecisiontoleaveherjob.

2.try的用法

(1)trytodosth:

尽力做某事Youshouldtrytoeatmorefruit.(Youshouldmakeanefforttoeatmorefruit)

(2)trydoingsth:

尝试做某事Youshouldtryeatingmorefruit.(Youshouldseeifeatingmorefruitwillhelpyou)

(3)tryoutforsth(American):

tocompeteforapositionorplaceinsth,ortobeamemberofateam.参加……选拨

Thekidsaresittinginthelibrary,butyoucanseeintheireyesthatthey’regoingonadifferentjourneywitheachnewbook.

1.句型分析:

they’regoingonadifferentjourneywitheachnewbook.是一个句子,做see的宾语,所有此句话是一个宾语从句,that及没意识,也不做成分,故可以省略。

例如:

IthoughtthatMaryisright.

2.intheireyes“在他们的眼睛里”做动词see的状语。

介词短语还可以做后置定语,表语,宾语补足语等。

例如:

(1)Myloveforyouisdeeperthanthesea.(后置定语)

(2)Theyfoundthemachineinabadstation.(宾语补足语)

(3)Healthisabovewealth.(做表语)

3.goonajourney出去旅行

I’dliketohelphomelesspeople.

1.I’d=wouldlike

(1)wouldlikesth“想要…..”Iwouldlikeanapple.

(2)wouldliketodosth“想要做……”Iwouldliketodrinkacupoftea.

(3)wouldlikesbtodosth“想要,希望某人做某事……”Mymumwouldlikemetostudyhard.

2.homeless“无家可归的”adj,某些名词上加上less构成了形容词形式,表示否定。

useless,helpless,careless,hopeless,endless,fearless,

Volunteeringourtimetohelpthesepeopleisagoodwaytospendourfreetime.

1.spend用法(与cost,pay,take区别)

2.freeadj

Forexample,wecanmakeplanstovisitsickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.

1.raisev.过去式:

raised,过去分词:

raised

(1)“募捐,筹集”Hewant

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