八年级下册Unit 2 讲义.docx
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八年级下册Unit2讲义
Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks
第一部分:
课文重点语法讲解
动词短语的构成规律
在英语中,动词之后加上介词,副词,或者其它词构成的短语表达一种特定的含义,我们称之为动词短语。
在使用时要把他们看成是一个整体,常见的动词短语主要有以下四种:
1.动词+介词
waitfor,lookfor,sendfor,lookafter,comefrom,hearfrom,thinkof,dependon等。
这类动词短语相当于一个及物动词,后面加宾语,而且宾语只能放在介词之后。
Iamlookingformypen.
中考:
Wehaveto____________ourselveswhenweareawayfromhome.
A.lookatB.lookforC.lookupD.lookafter
2.动词+副词
cheerup,cleanup,putup,fixup,workout,giveout,giveaway,takeaway,thinkover,handin,takeoff等。
这类动词做及物动词时,如果名词作宾语,可以放在短语后面,也可以放在短语中间;如果代词做宾语,必须放在短语中间。
例如:
(1)Hetookoffhiscoat.=Hetookhiscoatoff.
(2)Thisquestionisverydifficult.Youshouldthinkitover.
中考:
Boy,yourbooksareeverywhere.Please_____________.
A.putthemupB.putthemonC.putthemaway
3.动词+副词+介词
addupto,catchupwith,getalongwith,runoutof,keepawayfrom等,这些短语是及物动词,后面要跟宾语。
例如:
Marygetsalongwellwithherstudents.
中考:
AstudentinFudanUniversitywaskilledbyhisroommatesjustbecauseofsmallthingsindailylife.Itisimportantforstudentslearnhowto_______________.
A.getonwithB.comeovertoC.stayawayfrom
4.动词+名词+介词
makefunof,makeuseof,payattentionto,takecareof等,这些短语是及物动词,后面也要加宾语。
例如:
Don’tmakefunofotherpeople.
中考:
Thanksforyourinvitation,butI’msosorryIcan’tgo.Ineedto___________mybabyathome.
A.takeawayB.takeoffC.takecareofD.takeoutof
语法巩固练习:
1.Hermotherisill.Shehastostayathomeand____________hermother.
A.lookatB.lookforC.lookafterD.looklover
2.I’mdoingmyhomework.Wouldyoupleaseturnyourradio____________alittle?
A.upB.downC.offD.on
3.Studyhardandyoucan____________others.
A.catchupB.catchupwithC.catchholdofD.getalongwith
4.Youshouldpayattentionto_____________fromothers.
A.learnB.learntC.learnsD.learning
5.—Whendidtheaccident_____________?
—Lastnight.
A.takeplaceB.takeoffC.haveonDonshow
二.用适当的介词或副词填空。
1.Theboyhurriedtoclean________piecesofthebrokenplateswhenhesawhismothercomingin.
2.Ifyoucan’treadthewords,pleaselookthem___________inthedictionary.
3.Don’tput___________untiltomorrowwhatcanbedonetoday.
4.Wetriedtocheerher_________bytellingherfunnystories.
5.Theyset_____________atentbythelake.
6.Thebagisfilled_____________sand.It’stooheavy.
7.Ithasalwaysbeendifficult______________metodonormalthings.
8.Theproblemisveryhard.Hecan’tworkit_____________.
第二部分:
课文重点内容讲解
SectionA
Youcouldhelptocleanupthecityparks.
1.
(1)could在此并不是表示过去,而是表示比can更为委婉的一中语气。
例如:
CouldIhelpyou?
(2)尤其注意在宾语从句中的用法:
【2013河南中考】
—MissLee,Ididn’tcatchwhatyousaid.Couldyoutellme__________again?
—Ok.
A.whatshouldwetakeB.whereshallwemeetC.whenwewouldstartD.howwewillgetthere
2.
(1)cleanup“打扫干净”“动词+副词”构成的短语,若代词做宾语时要放在短语中间。
例如:
Thereissomebrokenglassontheground.Pleasecleanitup.
(2)与up有关的相关短语及意思。
callup给……打电话giveup放弃cheerup使振奋useup用完putup建立,张贴等
(3)中考
—Wouldyou________________________________________(不要在墙上张贴广告)(mind)
—Sorry,Iwon’tdoitanymore.
(mindnotputtinguptheadsonthewall.)
Thegirlcouldvisitthesickkidsinthehospitaltocheerthemup.
1.sick,adj,病的,有病的
(1)Thechildissick.(做表语)
(2)Thisisasickchild..(做定语)
(3)the+sick表示“病人”(rich,poor,old,young,blind,deaf等用法同)
2.ill,adj
Thischildisill.(正确)Thisisanillchild.(错误)注意:
ill只能做表语,不能做定语。
3.cheerup,使振奋,使高兴,动词+副词。
中考
我们得尽力使他振作起来。
Weshouldtryto________him______.
Theboycouldgiveoutfoodatthefoodbank.这个男孩可以在食品救济站发放食物。
1.
(1)giveout“分发,发放”相当于handout.
(2)give有关的短语giveoff发出,放出giveover停止giveup放弃givein屈服
(3)中考
ManysocialworkerswenttoYa’antohelp____________cleanwaterandfoodtolocalpeopletoreducetheirpainfromtheearthquake.
A.putoutB.comeoutC.workoutD.giveout
2.atthefoodbank
中考:
MissChenisourEnglishteacher.Shealwaystalkstouswithasmile____________herface.
A.atB.inC.toD.on
answer:
D
Thegirlcouldvolunteerinanafter-schoolstudyproblemtoteachkids.这个女孩可以在业余辅导站来义务教孩子。
1.volunteer可做名词,动词,形容词
(1)名词,志愿者Thatmanisavolunteerinthattown.
(2)动词,志愿(从事)Theyvolunteertohelpus.
(3)形容词,自愿的Shewaspraisedforhervolunteerwork.
2.toteachkids做目的状语
例如:
Hestoppedtohavearest.
中考
AlltheChinesepeoplemustworkhard______________ChinaDream.
A.torealizeB.realizeC.realizing
Let’smakesomenoticestoo.让我们也做一些公告牌。
1.notice用法
(1)“布告,启示”可数名词.Thereisanoticeonthewallsaying“Nosmokinghere”
(2)“通知”不可数名词.Theserulescan’tbechangedwithoutnotice.
(3)“看到,注意到”Didyounoticehishandwearingaring?
WeneedtocomeupwithaplanfortheCityParkClean-UpDay.
1.comeupwith“提出,想出注意,回答等”Marycomeupagoodideatosolvethisproblem..
中考:
Scientistsaretryingtheirbestto___________waystotreattheterriblediseasecalledH7N9.
A.comeupwithB.lookforwardtoC.talkaboutD.giveup
Answer:
A.
Theytoldmestoriesaboutthepastandhowthingsusedtobe.
1.tellsbtodosth/tellsbnottodosth
2.
(1)howthingsusedtobe做told的宾语,是一个how引导的宾语从句。
宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
CanyoutellmeWhenthemeetingwillbengin?
(2)usedto“过去常常”只用于过去时,后接动词原形,表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态,现在已经不再发生(或存在)了。
IusedtospeakEnglish.
(3)be/get/growusedtodoingsth习惯于,to是介词,后跟名词,动词,动名词形式。
Igetusedtolivinginbigcities.
中考:
She________livealone.Butshe_________livingalonebecauseshefeelslonely.
A.usedto;doesn’tusedtoB.isusedto;wasusedtoC.usedto;isnotusedtoD.wasusedto;doesn’tusedto
Thatsoundsinteresting.
sound,听起来……
Yeah,alotofoldpeoplearelonely.
1.lonely,adj,“孤独的,寂寞的,荒凉的,偏僻的”做表语或定语。
Ioftenfeellonely.Marylivesinalonelylifeinabighouse.Marylivesonalonelyisland.
2.alone,adj,“单独的,只,只有”只做表语和后置定语。
Theoldmanlivedahardlifealone.
中考:
Thoughheis__________athome,hedoesn’tfeel__________forhehasmanythingstodo.
A.alone,lonelyB.lonely,aloneC.alone;alone
MarioGreenandMaryBrownfromRiversideHighSchoolgiveupseveralhourseachweektohelpothers.
1.giveup“放弃”“动词+副词”介词做宾语要放短语中间位置。
Smokingisbadforyourhealth.Yourbettergiveitup.
2.中考链接
AndreaBocellinever____________,whichmakeshimasuccessfulsinger.
A.takesawayB.givesawayC.getsupD.givesup
Mariobelievesitcanhelphimtogethisfuturedreamjob.
1.itcanhelphimtohethisfuturedreamjob做believe的宾语,这是一个宾语从句,it前省略了that.
IthinkthatMaryisangoodstudent.
2.
(1)helpsb(to)dosth
(2)helpsbwithsth
(3)withthehelpofsb
3.togethisfuturedreamjob在句子中是做him(宾语)的补足语。
Pleasehelpme(to)finishmyhomework.不定式短语除了做宾语补足语以外,还可以做主语,视为第三人称单数形式。
Totravelaroundtheworldismydream.
4.在使役动词make,let,have;感官动词“三眼”see,watch,notice;“两耳”,listento,hear“一感觉”feel等动词后面,不定式做宾补时,to经常省略,而在被动语态中,要加上不定式to.
主动:
ImakeMaryfinishherhomework.
被动:
Maryismadetofinishherhomeworkbyme.
巧记不定式做宾补省略to的动词。
不定式做宾补,下列词后省略to。
“三眼,两耳,一感觉,外加三个“小使役”保你永远不忘记。
5.中考链接
Everyonemayfeeltime___________veryquicklywhentheydosomethinginteresting.
A.gobyB.togobyC.wentby
answer:
A
IgetsuchastrongfeelingofsatisfactionwhenIseetheanimalsgetbetterandthelookofjoyontheirowner’sfaces.
1.
(1)such,adj,修饰名词或名词词作Maryissuchabeautifulgirlthatallofuslikeherverymuch.
(2)so,adv,
①用来修饰形容Maryissobeautifulagirlthatallofuslikeherverymuch.
②用来修饰副词MarywalkssoquicklythatIcan’tcatchupwithher.
2.
(1)seesbdosth看见某人做过某事,强调看见某人做某事的全过程。
Isawhimgotonthebus.
(2)seesbdoingsth看见某人正在做某事,强调看见某人做某事的动作。
Isawagirlreadingintheclassroom.
(3)watch,notice,lookat,hear,listento用法与see的用法同。
3.thelookof,其中look为名词,“表情”Idon’tlikethelookofhim.我不喜欢他的表情。
Lastyear,shedecidedtotryoutforavolunteerafter-schoolreadingprogram.
1.decide用法
(1)decidetodosth:
MarydecidedtolearnEnglishwell.
(2)decision名词makeadecisiontodosth:
Marymadeabigdecisiontoleaveherjob.
2.try的用法
(1)trytodosth:
尽力做某事Youshouldtrytoeatmorefruit.(Youshouldmakeanefforttoeatmorefruit)
(2)trydoingsth:
尝试做某事Youshouldtryeatingmorefruit.(Youshouldseeifeatingmorefruitwillhelpyou)
(3)tryoutforsth(American):
tocompeteforapositionorplaceinsth,ortobeamemberofateam.参加……选拨
Thekidsaresittinginthelibrary,butyoucanseeintheireyesthatthey’regoingonadifferentjourneywitheachnewbook.
1.句型分析:
they’regoingonadifferentjourneywitheachnewbook.是一个句子,做see的宾语,所有此句话是一个宾语从句,that及没意识,也不做成分,故可以省略。
例如:
IthoughtthatMaryisright.
2.intheireyes“在他们的眼睛里”做动词see的状语。
介词短语还可以做后置定语,表语,宾语补足语等。
例如:
(1)Myloveforyouisdeeperthanthesea.(后置定语)
(2)Theyfoundthemachineinabadstation.(宾语补足语)
(3)Healthisabovewealth.(做表语)
3.goonajourney出去旅行
I’dliketohelphomelesspeople.
1.I’d=wouldlike
(1)wouldlikesth“想要…..”Iwouldlikeanapple.
(2)wouldliketodosth“想要做……”Iwouldliketodrinkacupoftea.
(3)wouldlikesbtodosth“想要,希望某人做某事……”Mymumwouldlikemetostudyhard.
2.homeless“无家可归的”adj,某些名词上加上less构成了形容词形式,表示否定。
useless,helpless,careless,hopeless,endless,fearless,
Volunteeringourtimetohelpthesepeopleisagoodwaytospendourfreetime.
1.spend用法(与cost,pay,take区别)
2.freeadj
Forexample,wecanmakeplanstovisitsickchildreninthehospitalorraisemoneyforhomelesspeople.
1.raisev.过去式:
raised,过去分词:
raised
(1)“募捐,筹集”Hewant